SPAM (makanan): Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
'''SPAM''' adalah sebuah merek [[daging]] kaleng yang diproduksi oleh perusahaan [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]] yaitu [[Hormel|Hormel Foods Corporation]].<ref>[https://www.livescience.com/32813-hormel-spam-no-mystery-meat.html How Do They Make Spam?]. Live SCeine (2010-09-16). Retrieved 2022-01-28.</ref> SPAM muncul pada tahun 1936 yang merupakan akronim dari [[bahasa Inggris]] '''''S'''houlder of '''P'''ork and h'''AM''''' dan menurut sumber lain bisa juga '''''SP'''iced h'''AM'''''. Perusahaan mengatakan bahwa "hanya lingkaran sempit mantan [[direktur]] yang mengetahui [[akronim]] yang tepat." Di [[Indonesia]] makanan ini tidak beredar karena mengandung [[daging babi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=LPPOM MUI {{!}} Lembaga Pengkajian Pangan Obat-obatan dan Kosmetika Majelis Ulama Indonesia|url=https://halalmui.org/mui14/main/detail/titik-kritis-keharaman-pada-produk-daging-dari-perspektif-sertifikasi-halal|website=halalmui.org|language=en|access-date=2022-09-11|archive-date=2022-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911145932/https://halalmui.org/mui14/main/detail/titik-kritis-keharaman-pada-produk-daging-dari-perspektif-sertifikasi-halal|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
{{Infobox food
| name =
| image = logo SPAM.svg
| caption =
Baris 9:
| region = [[Minnesota]], [[Amerika Serikat]]
| creator = [[Hormel|Hormel Foods Corporation]]
| year = [[
| course = Hidangan utama atau bahan
| served = Panas atau Dingin
| main_ingredient = [[daging babi]], [[daging kalkun]]
| variations =
| calories =
Baris 22:
Pada tahun [[1936]], [[Hormel|Hormel Foods]] mulai kehilangan tempat di pasar makanan kaleng. Sebagai langkah pemasaran, dia mengganti nama makanan kalengnya menjadi SPAM. Peluncuran merek baru di pasar disertai dengan kampanye iklan yang heboh; [[radio]] memainkan lagu-lagu seperti ini:<ref name=npr.org>{{cite news|last1=Yoon|first=Howard|title=Spam: More than Junk Mail or Junk Meat|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11714236|issue=npr.org|date=July 4, 2007|access-date=April 5, 2018|archive-date=August 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823123350/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11714236|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Stranska|first1=Hana|title=About Spam|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/24/magazine/l-about-spam-740128.html|access-date=October 1, 2014|work=The New York Times|date=July 24, 1994|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006213956/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/24/magazine/l-about-spam-740128.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{cquote|''
Translate:
Namun, iklan utama SPAM adalah pada saat [[Perang Dunia II]]. SPAM dikeluarkan dalam jumlah besar untuk tentara (Belton Cooper menyebutkan bahwa hanya dua jenis daging yang ditemukan dalam ransum kering personel [[Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Serikat|militer Amerika]]: rebusan dan [[Sosis|sosis cincang]] SPAM). [[Britania Raya]] bergantung pada daging impor, sehingga selama perang penduduk menerima kartu sekitar 2,5 kg daging per bulan (dimana 500 g adalah daging kelas satu), sementara SPAM dijual relatif bebas dan karena itu menjadi pengganti daging utama.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zimmerman |first=Dwight |date=July 8, 2021 |title=A War Won With Spam (and a Few Other Things) |url=https://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/war-won-spam-things/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/pyagv |archive-date=2022-05-08 |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Defense Media Network |language=en-US}}</ref> ▼
{{cquote|''SPAM, SPAM, SPAM, SPAM<br>Daging ajaib baru Hormel dalam kaleng<br>Rasanya enak, menghemat waktu<br>Jika Anda menginginkan sesuatu yang besar, mintalah SPAM.''}}
▲Namun, iklan utama SPAM adalah pada saat [[Perang Dunia II]]. SPAM dikeluarkan dalam jumlah besar untuk tentara (Belton Cooper menyebutkan bahwa hanya dua jenis daging yang ditemukan dalam ransum kering personel [[Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Serikat|militer Amerika]]: rebusan dan [[Sosis|sosis cincang]] SPAM). [[Britania Raya]] bergantung pada daging impor, sehingga selama perang penduduk menerima kartu sekitar 2,5 kg daging per bulan (dimana 500 g adalah daging kelas satu), sementara SPAM dijual relatif bebas dan karena itu menjadi pengganti daging utama.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zimmerman |first=Dwight |date=July 8, 2021 |title=A War Won With Spam (and a Few Other Things) |url=https://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/war-won-spam-things/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/
[[Berkas:Sliced Spam.JPG|thumb|Potongan SPAM]]
Banyak SPAM dikonsumsi oleh orang miskin di tahun-tahun pasca perang; tak heran jika selama ini SPAM dikonsumsi oleh [[Bangsa Inggris|orang Inggris]]. Dibawah [[Lend-Lease]], SPAM juga dipasok ke [[Uni Soviet]]. SPAM yang diproduksi hingga saat ini, sejak merek tersebut muncul hingga akhir tahun 2007, terjual 7 milyar kaleng.<ref name="FAQ">{{cite web |last=Waxman |first=Olivia B. |url=http://time.com/4827451/spam-history-80th-anniversary/ |title=Spam Turns 80: History and Origins of Canned Meat |publisher=Time.com |date=July 5, 2017 |access-date=October 30, 2017 |archive-date=February 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211220758/http://time.com/4827451/spam-history-80th-anniversary/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Wilayah konsumsi ==
=== Amerika Serikat dan negara bagiannya ===
[[Berkas:Baked Spam with Cloves.jpg|thumb|right|225px|Menu SPAM yang sudah dipanggang ]]
Di dalam negeri, keunggulan utama SPAM adalah keterjangkauan, aksesibilitas, dan [[umur simpan]] yang diperpanjang.<ref name="OxfordSpam">{{cite book |last = Smith |first = Andrew |title = The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink |date = May 1, 2007 |publisher = Oxford University Press |isbn = 978-0-19988576-3 |pages = 559–60 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GZVweuXhZlkC&pg=PA559 |access-date = January 8, 2016 |archive-date = January 9, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200109192950/https://books.google.com/books?id=GZVweuXhZlkC&pg=PA559 |url-status = live }}</ref> Statistik dari tahun [[1990]]-an mengatakan bahwa 3,8 ribu kaleng SPAM dikonsumsi setiap detik di [[Amerika Serikat]],<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Data Stream|magazine=[[Next Generation (magazine)|Next Generation]] |issue=25|publisher=[[Imagine Media]]|date=January 1997|page=28}}</ref> dengan total hampir 122 juta kaleng setiap tahun. Ini menjadi bagian dari [[Diet (nutrisi)|diet]] hampir 30% rumah tangga di Amerika dan dirasakan di berbagai wilayah negara bagiannya.<ref>Kim, Sojin; Livengood, Mark (1995). [http://digest.champlain.edu/archivepdf/DIGESTvol15.pdf "Ramen Noodles and Spam: Popular Foods, Significant Tastes"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006180722/http://digest.champlain.edu/archivepdf/DIGESTvol15.pdf |date=October 6, 2014 }}, pp. 2–11. Retrieved September 18, 2014.</ref> Hal ini juga terkadang dikaitkan dengan kesulitan ekonomi karena biayanya yang relatif rendah.<ref name="SeriousSpam" >{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/15/business/15spam.html |title=Spam Turns Serious and Hormel Turns Out More |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Andrew |last=Martin |date=November 15, 2008 |access-date=May 23, 2010 |archive-date=April 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420154228/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/15/business/15spam.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
SPAM yang dijual di [[Amerika Utara]], [[Amerika Selatan]], dan [[Australia]] diproduksi di [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], [[Minnesota]], dan di [[Iowa]].<ref>Wyman, Carolyn. "Spam: A Biography." Harvest Books, 1999</ref> Akan tetapi di Austin dan Minnesota juga memiliki restoran dengan menu khusus untuk SPAM, yang disebut "Johnny's SPAMarama Menu".<ref>{{cite news|title=Spam Turns Serious and Hormel Turns Out More|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 14, 2008|access-date=July 5, 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/15/business/15spam.html|archive-date=June 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615112611/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/15/business/15spam.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Hawaii ===
[[File:Spam musubi at Ninja Sushi.jpg|thumb|right|Spam musubi adalah makanan ringan dan makan siang yang populer di [[Hawaii]]]]
Penduduk negara bagian Hawaii memiliki konsumsi per kapita tertinggi di [[Amerika Serikat]]. Persepsinya disana sangat berbeda dari di daratan.<ref>{{cite book |title=Fashionable food: seven decades of food fads |last=Lovegren |first=Sylvia |year=2005 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=United States |isbn=978-0-226-49407-4 |page=190 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZIRc28P5xYC |access-date=December 13, 2010 |archive-date=May 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524041627/https://books.google.com/books?id=fZIRc28P5xYC |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Orang Hawaii asli|Orang Hawaii]] terkadang menyebutnya "Portagee Steak".<ref>{{cite book |title=Hawaii's Spam Cookbook |last=Corum |first=Ann Kondo |year=1987 |publisher=Bess Press |location=United States |isbn=0935848495 |page=135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8eTPLr0f2h0C&pg=PA135 |access-date=June 4, 2018 |archive-date=May 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524041636/https://books.google.com/books?id=8eTPLr0f2h0C&pg=PA135 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Hidangan lokal di Hawaii adalah SPAM musubi, dimana SPAM yang dimasak diletakkan di atas [[nasi]] dan dibungkus dengan [[nori]], sejenis nigiri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/Spam.htm|title=Spam – Hawaiian Spam Musubi|publisher=Whatscookingamerica.net|access-date=July 5, 2013|archive-date=June 19, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619051047/http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/Spam.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Varietas SPAM ditemukan di [[Hawaii]] dan [[Saipan]] yang tak tersedia di pasar lain, termasuk SPAM madu, SPAM dengan [[Bakon]], dan SPAM panas dan pedas.<ref name="Star">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/06/11/burger_giants_wage_spam_war.html |first=Jaymes |last=Song |date=June 11, 2007 |work=The Star |title=Burger giants wage Spam war |location=Toronto |access-date=January 27, 2020 |archive-date=January 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127023150/https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/06/11/burger_giants_wage_spam_war.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
Restoran [[Burger King]] di Hawaii juga mulai menyajikan SPAM pada tahun [[2007]] untuk bersaing dengan jaringan [[McDonald's]] lokal (yang sudah melayani SPAM sebelumnya).<ref name="BurgerKingSpam" >{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070611/ap_on_bi_ge/burger_king_Spam|title=Burger King to Serve Spam in Hawaii|publisher=Yahoo! News|access-date=July 5, 2013|archive-date=June 13, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613193455/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070611/ap_on_bi_ge/burger_king_spam|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kare11.com/news/news_article.aspx?storyid=254168|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120605005816/http://www.kare11.com/news/news_article.aspx?storyid=254168|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 5, 2012|title=Land of 10,000 Stories – Spam in Paradise|publisher=KARE11 News|first=Boyd|last=Huppert|date=May 17, 2007}}</ref> Di Hawaii, SPAM sangat populer sehingga kadang-kadang disebut sebagai "The Hawaiian Steak".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Spam That Isn't Via E-Mail |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F04E6DB1338F934A35757C0A9659C8B63 |work=The New York Times |date=April 7, 2003 |access-date=December 28, 2007 |archive-date=May 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524041640/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/07/us/the-spam-that-isn-t-via-e-mail.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Bahkan ada [[festival]] bertema SPAM tahunan di pulau Oahu yang berlangsung setiap [[musim semi]], yang dikenal sebagai "Waikiki SPAM Jam".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spamjamhawaii.com/|title=Welcome - Waikiki Spam Jam|website=Welcome|language=en-US|access-date=June 14, 2017|archive-date=June 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615051437/http://spamjamhawaii.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> Koki dan restoran lokal bersaing untuk menciptakan hidangan bertema SPAM baru, yang kemudian dijual di pameran jalanan besar-besaran di Kalakaua Avenue di [[Waikiki|Pantai Waikiki]].
Pada tahun 2017, Hawaii diganggu oleh banyak pencurian SPAM.<ref name="SpamHeistsSingh">{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Lakshmi|title=Hawaii's Spate Of Spam Heists|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/10/22/559403062/hawaiis-spate-of-spam-heists|access-date=October 23, 2017|work=[[NPR]]|date=October 22, 2017|archive-date=October 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023123320/http://www.npr.org/2017/10/22/559403062/hawaiis-spate-of-spam-heists|url-status=live}}</ref> SPAM telah lama menjadi target pencuri di Hawaii, tetapi tingkat pencurian meningkat, dengan insiden dimana beberapa kasus SPAM dicuri sekaligus. Pengecer lokal percaya kejahatan ini telah terorganisir dan ada dalangnya.<ref name="SpamHeistsSingh"/> Ini datang bersamaan dengan meningkatnya pencurian beberapa barang ritel lainnya, seperti [[daging kornet]] dan [[minuman keras]]. Presiden pedagang eceran Hawaii mengaitkan peningkatan pencurian eceran dengan perubahan baru-baru ini dalam [[hukum pidana]], yang menaikkan ambang batas dimana pencurian akan menyebabkan tuduhan kejahatan sekitar 400 [[Dolar Amerika Serikat|USD]] atau sekitar 5.932.000 [[Rupiah|IDR]] .<ref name="SpamHeistsSingh"/>
=== Puerto Riko ===
''Sandwich de Mezcla'' adalah [[makanan pokok]] pesta di [[Puerto Riko]] yang mengandung SPAM, Velveeta, dan Pimientos (dibuat menjadi olesan) diantara dua potong [[Roti lapis|roti sandwich]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cafeculinario.com/2013/08/12/receta-sandwichitos-para-fiestas/|title=Receta: Sandwichitos para fiestas|date=August 12, 2013|access-date=October 6, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20141007220541/http://cafeculinario.com/2013/08/12/receta-sandwichitos-para-fiestas/|archive-date=October 7, 2014}}</ref>
=== Eropa ===
==== Britania Raya ====
Setelah [[Perang Dunia II]], Newforge Foods atau bagian dari grup Fitch Lovell, dianugerahi lisensi untuk memproduksi produknya di [[Liverpool (kota)|Liverpool]], [[Inggris]] di pabrik Gateacrenya,<ref>The story of Fitch Lovell Ambrose Keevil Phillimore Press 1972 {{ISBN|978-0-85033-074-8}}</ref> dimana ia tinggal sampai produksi beralih ke Danish Crown (pemilik perusahaan makanan tulip) pada tahun [[1998]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.tulip.dk/ |title=Tulip Food Company |publisher=english.tulip.dk |access-date=June 21, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090814170842/http://english.tulip.dk/ |archive-date=August 14, 2009 }}</ref>
[[Kerajaan Inggris]] telah mengadopsi SPAM ke dalam berbagai resep. Misalnya, resep termasuk [[Sarapan]] SPAM [[Yorkshire]], Omelet SPAM, dan SPAM Hash.<ref>{{cite web |title=Spam—UK |url=http://www.spam-uk.com/recipes/ |access-date=October 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010235853/http://www.spam-uk.com/recipes/ |archive-date=October 10, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> SPAM juga bisa diiris, dilumuri, dan digoreng menjadi gorengan SPAM.<ref>{{cite web |title=Spam Fritters |url=http://www.lbhf.gov.uk/Images/Spam_fritters_tcm21-170915.pdf |access-date=October 6, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010114629/http://www.lbhf.gov.uk/Images/Spam_fritters_tcm21-170915.pdf |archive-date=October 10, 2014 }}</ref>
=== Asia Tenggara ===
==== Filipina ====
[[File:Spam Meal.jpg|thumb|"Spamsilog", SPAM dengan sinangag ([[nasi goreng]] bawang putih) dan telur, adalah kombinasi sarapan khas Filipina.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Casey |first1=Nell |title=Stay Warm With Filipino Brunch & A Cookie Competition This Weekend |url=http://gothamist.com/2016/12/16/weekend_food_roundup_97.php |access-date=January 20, 2019 |work=Gothamist |agency=WNYC |date=December 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224150751/http://gothamist.com/2016/12/16/weekend_food_roundup_97.php |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>]]
Di [[Filipina]], SPAM (saat ini didistribusikan oleh The Purefoods-Hormel Company Inc.) adalah makanan yang populer dan dilihat sebagai simbol budaya.<ref name="Escalona2017">{{cite news |last1=Escalona |first1=Katrina |date=September 18, 2017 |title=Why Spam and Rice is a Filipino Food Classic |work=Culture Trip |url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/why-spam-and-rice-is-a-filipino-food-classic/ |url-status=live |access-date=January 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190120194543/https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/why-spam-and-rice-is-a-filipino-food-classic/ |archive-date=January 20, 2019}}</ref> Sebagai bekas koloni [[Amerika Serikat]], SPAM mencapai pulau-pulau yang mirip dengan bagaimana mencapai [[Hawaii]] dan [[Guam]]: sebagai akibat dari penjatahan [[Perang Dunia II]].
SPAM biasanya dimakan dengan nasi (biasanya [[nasi goreng]] bawang putih) dan [[telur mata sapi]] untuk sarapan.<ref name="Escalona2017" /> Ini disiapkan dan digunakan dalam berbagai cara, termasuk digoreng,<ref name="Escalona2017" /><ref name=":0">{{cite news |last1=Ke |first1=Bryan |date=December 12, 2017 |title=Why Filipinos Love Spam So Much |work=NextShark |url=https://nextshark.com/filipinos-love-spam-much/ |url-status=live |access-date=January 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190120144355/https://nextshark.com/filipinos-love-spam-much/ |archive-date=January 20, 2019}}</ref> karamel,<ref name="Escalona2017" /> disajikan bersama bumbu,<ref name=":0" /> atau digunakan dalam [[Roti lapis|sandwich]].<ref name=":0" /> Ini juga telah ditampilkan dalam berbagai hidangan masakan fusion Filipina termasuk [[Hamburger|burger]] SPAM, SPAM [[spageti]], [[Nuget ayam|nugget]] SPAM, dan lain-lain.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Agoncillo |first1=Anna |title=What Is SPAM And Why Are Filipinos Obsessed With It? |url=https://remit.com.au/what-is-spam-and-why-are-filipinos-obsessed-with-it/ |access-date=January 20, 2019 |work=RemitBlog |date=September 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190120144353/https://remit.com.au/what-is-spam-and-why-are-filipinos-obsessed-with-it/ |archive-date=January 20, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ong |first1=Sherina |title=SPAM: A story of love and hate |url=https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/balikbayan/identity/60979-spam-love-hate |access-date=January 20, 2019 |work=Rappler |date=June 24, 2014 |archive-date=January 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190120144516/https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/balikbayan/identity/60979-spam-love-hate |url-status=live }}</ref>
Popularitas SPAM di Filipina melampaui kelas ekonomi dan set hadiah SPAM bahkan digunakan sebagai hadiah liburan. Setidaknya ada sepuluh jenis SPAM yang berbeda saat ini tersedia di negara ini dan diperkirakan 1,25 juta kilo daging dijual setiap tahun di Filipina.<ref>{{cite journal |last = Matejowsky |first = Ty |title = SPAM and Fast-food "Glocalization" in the Philippines |journal = Food, Culture and Society |volume = 10 |issue = 1 |pages = 23–41 |date = March 1, 2007 |doi = 10.2752/155280107780154088 |s2cid = 168108901 }}</ref> Popularitas di antara [[orang Filipina]] telah menyebabkan pembuatan versi dengan gula dan annatto, SPAM rasa Tocino, dibuat untuk pasar Filipina luar negeri di [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.spam.com/varieties/spam-tocino |title=SPAM® Tocino | SPAM® Varieties |access-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019025309/https://www.spam.com/varieties/spam-tocino |url-status=live }}</ref> Selama upaya penyelamatan setelah bencana [[Badai Ketsana]] pada tahun [[2009]], Hormel Foods menyumbangkan lebih dari 30.000 ton SPAM ke Palang Merah Nasional Filipina.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.webwire.com/ViewPressRel.asp?aId=105336 |title= Hormel Foods Announces Donation to Philippines |work= Web wire |date= October 8, 2009 |access-date= September 24, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120322110239/http://www.webwire.com/ViewPressRel.asp?aId=105336 |archive-date= March 22, 2012 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
=== Asia Timur ===
[[File:Spam served with rice.jpg|thumb|upright|Spam sering disajikan dengan nasi di [[Asia Timur]].]]
==== Tiongkok ====
Di daratan [[Tiongkok]], Hormel memutuskan untuk mengadopsi strategi yang berbeda untuk memasarkan SPAM ({{Lang-zh|c=世棒|hp=Shìbàng}}),<ref>{{cite web |date=2017-12-22 |title=一朝种草，三年拔。SPAM世棒又...双...叒回来了！！！ |url=https://www.sohu.com/a/212283568_177362 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714170048/https://www.sohu.com/a/212283568_177362 |archive-date=July 14, 2020 |access-date=2020-07-14 |publisher=Sohu}}</ref> mempromosikannya sebagai produk makanan premium asing dan mengubah formula SPAM menjadi lebih daging untuk mengakomodasi selera lokal Tiongkok.<ref name="china businessweek">{{cite web |last=Boyle |first=Matthew |date=August 4, 2011 |title=Spam's Long March in China |url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/spams-long-march-in-china-08042011.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824054748/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/spams-long-march-in-china-08042011.html |archive-date=August 24, 2014 |access-date=October 6, 2014 |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek}}</ref> Produk daging babi kalengan seperti spam juga diproduksi oleh perusahaan makanan lain di Tiongkok sebagai ''Luncheon Meat'' ({{Lang-zh|c=午餐肉|p=Wǔcānròu|j=Ng<sup>5</sup> caan<sup>1</sup> juk<sup>6</sup>|zhu=ㄨˇ ㄘㄢ ㄖㄡˋ|poj=}}).
==== Hong Kong ====
Di [[Hong Kong]] setelah [[Perang Dunia II]], daging langka dan mahal, jadi SPAM adalah alternatif yang dapat diakses dan terjangkau. Daging makan siang telah dimasukkan ke dalam hidangan seperti [[makaroni]] dengan telur goreng dan spam dalam sup ayam, serta [[ramen]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Why is Spam served in Hong Kong diners on top of macaroni noodles? | work = HK Magazine | url = http://hk-magazine.com/restaurants/column/why-spam-served-hong-kong-diners-top-macaroni-noodles | access-date = October 6, 2014 | archive-date = October 10, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141010165953/http://hk-magazine.com/restaurants/column/why-spam-served-hong-kong-diners-top-macaroni-noodles | url-status = live }}</ref>
==== Jepang ====
Di [[Prefektur Okinawa|Okinawa]], [[Jepang]] produk tersebut ditambahkan ke dalam [[onigiri]] bersama telur dan digunakan sebagai bahan pokok dalam hidangan tradisional [[Chanpurū]] dan burger SPAM dijual oleh jaringan makanan cepat saji lokal Jef. Untuk peringatan 70 tahun SPAM pada tahun [[2007]], kaleng dengan desain khusus dijual di Jepang karena popularitasnya, terutama di Okinawa.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINT22925620080312 | title=Okinawa cuisine: tofu, Spam and root beer | work=Reuters | first=Linda | last=Sieg | date=March 12, 2008 | access-date=September 24, 2010 | archive-date=May 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524041631/https://www.reuters.com/article/idINT22925620080312?edition-redirect=in | url-status=live }}</ref>
Setelah [[Gempa bumi dan tsunami Tōhoku 2011|gempa bumi Maret 2011]], penjualan SPAM di Jepang menurun dan Hormel mengalihkan fokusnya ke [[Tiongkok]],<ref name="china businessweek" /> meskipun Hormel berjanji untuk menyumbangkan 100.000 [[Dolar Amerika Serikat|USD]] atau setara 1,48 Milyar [[Rupiah|IDR]] bersama dengan kaleng SPAM untuk upaya bantuan.<ref>{{cite news | title = Hormel Foods Pledges to Relief Efforts in Japan | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/17/idUS140792+17-Mar-2011+BW20110317 | work = Reuters | date = March 17, 2011 | access-date = October 6, 2014 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141010204435/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/17/idUS140792+17-Mar-2011+BW20110317 | archive-date = October 10, 2014 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Di awal tahun [[2014]], [[Burger King]] memperkenalkan burger SPAM dan keju sebagai menu sarapan.<ref>{{cite news | last = Bleier | first = Evan | title = Burger King introduces Spam and cheese burger in Japan, for breakfast | url = http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2014/05/01/Burger-King-introduces-SPAM-and-cheese-burger-in-Japan-for-breakfast/7611398966149/ | work = United Press International | date = May 1, 2014 | access-date = October 6, 2014 | archive-date = October 10, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141010180101/http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2014/05/01/Burger-King-introduces-SPAM-and-cheese-burger-in-Japan-for-breakfast/7611398966149/ | url-status = live }}</ref>
==== Guam dan Kepulauan Mariana Utara ====
Di [[Guam]], rata-rata konsumsi per kapita adalah 16 ribu kaleng per tahun. Itu juga ditemukan di menu [[McDonald's]] disana. SPAM Games juga berlangsung di Guam, dimana penduduk setempat mencicipi dan menghormati resep Spam asli buatan sendiri yang terbaik.<ref>{{cite web | title =Why is Spam Brand a Household Name? | url =http://www.spam.com/spam-101/why-is-spam-a-household-brand | access-date =October 6, 2014 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20141010035126/http://www.spam.com/spam-101/why-is-spam-a-household-brand | archive-date =October 10, 2014 | df =mdy-all }}</ref>
Di [[Kepulauan Mariana Utara]], pengacara dari [[Hormel]] mengancam akan menuntut pers lokal karena menerbitkan artikel yang menuduh efek buruk konsumsi SPAM yang tinggi terhadap kesehatan penduduk setempat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?newsID=59528&cat=3 |title=Organic smoke (and mirrors) |work=Saipan Tribune |date=July 21, 2006 |access-date=June 21, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623203856/http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?newsID=59528&cat=3 |archive-date=June 23, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=3&newsID=59336 |title=A junkie waiting to happen |work=Saipan Tribune |date=July 14, 2006 |access-date=June 21, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623203851/http://saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=3&newsID=59336 |archive-date=June 23, 2008 }}</ref>
====Korea Selatan ====
SPAM dikonsumsi secara luas di [[Korea Selatan]] selama [[Perang Korea]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Oh|first1=Hye-In|last2=Choi|first2=Eun-Kyoung|last3=Jeon|first3=Eun-Yeoung|last4=Cho|first4=Mi-Sook|last5=Oh|first5=Ji-Eun|date=2019|title=An Exploratory Research for Reduction of Sodium of Korean HMR Product -Analysis on Labeling of Guk, Tang, Jjigae HMR Products in Korea-|url=https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO201909469055079.page|journal=The Journal of the Korea Contents Association|volume=19|issue=3|pages=510–519|doi=10.5392/JKCA.2019.19.03.510|issn=1598-4877}}</ref> dan popularitasnya menyebabkan terciptanya SPAM [[gimbap]] (nasi dan sayuran gulung [[Gulma laut (makanan)|rumput laut]]) dalam [[Hidangan Korea|masakan Korea]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=오혜인|last2=최은경|last3=전은영|last4=조미숙|last5=오지은|date=March 2019|title=국내 HMR제품의 나트륨 저감화를 위한 탐색적 분석 :국내 국, 탕, 찌개류 HMR제품의 라벨 분석을 중심으로|url=https://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE07994794|access-date=2021-04-04|journal=한국콘텐츠학회논문지|volume=19|issue=3|pages=510–519|language=ko}}</ref> Karena kelangkaan ikan dan produk gimbap tradisional lainnya seperti [[kimci]] atau kubis yang [[Fermentasi|difermentasi]], SPAM ditambahkan ke gulungan nasi dengan kimci dan mentimun dan dibungkus dengan rumput laut.
SPAM juga digunakan oleh [[Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Serikat|tentara Amerika]] di Korea Selatan sebagai sarana perdagangan barang, jasa, atau informasi di sekitar pangkalan mereka.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2014/09/05/in-korea-its-spam-time-of-year/| title = In Korea, It's Spam Time of Year| newspaper = Wall Street Journal| date = September 5, 2014| access-date = August 4, 2017| archive-date = December 1, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171201133331/https://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2014/09/05/in-korea-its-spam-time-of-year/| url-status = live| last1 = Hall| first1 = Joshua}}</ref> Di [[Korea Selatan]], SPAM berhasil populer<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hong|first1=Hee-Ok|last2=Kim|first2=Jung-Yoon|last3=Lee|first3=Jung-Sug|date=2006|title=Survey on Korean Food Preference of College Students in Seoul - Focused on Side Dishes -|url=https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO200603043148872.page|journal=Journal of Nutrition and Health|volume=39|issue=7|pages=707–713|issn=2288-3886}}</ref> dengan konsumsi hampir semua mayoritas penduduk.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Hye-Young L.|last2=Kang|first2=Nam-E.|date=2005|title=A Survey on the Seasonal Menu and Consumer Acceptance Test of Free Meals for the Elderly Facility in Sungnam Region|url=https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO200504637320806.page|journal=Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture|volume=20|issue=2|pages=273–282|issn=1225-7060|access-date=April 4, 2021|archive-date=February 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226230132/http://koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO200504637320806.page|url-status=live}}</ref> Hingga tahun 2004, Korea Selatan memproduksi dan mengkonsumsi lebih banyak SPAM daripada negara lain kecuali [[Amerika Serikat]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=From Minnesota Fat to Seoul Food: Spam in America and the Pacific Rim|last=Lewis|first=George H.|journal=The Journal of Popular Culture|volume=34|issue=2|date=March 5, 2004|pages=83–105 |doi=10.1111/j.0022-3840.2000.3402_83.x |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0022-3840.2000.3402_83.x|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | title = In South Korea, Spam Is the Stuff Gifts Are Made Of | work = The New York Times | date = January 26, 2014 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/27/world/asia/in-south-korea-spam-is-the-stuff-gifts-are-made-of.html | access-date = February 18, 2017 | archive-date = July 15, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170715204544/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/27/world/asia/in-south-korea-spam-is-the-stuff-gifts-are-made-of.html | url-status = live }}></ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Korea in the middle: Korean studies and area studies : essays in honour of Boudewijn Walraven |last1=Walraven |first1=Boudewijn |first2=Remco E. |last2=Breuker |year=2007 |publisher=CNWS Publications |location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-5789-153-3 |pages=255–257 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yCDZtFu_1UIC |access-date=December 13, 2010 |archive-date=May 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524041617/https://books.google.com/books?id=yCDZtFu_1UIC |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Referensi ==
Baris 36 ⟶ 101:
[[Kategori:Hidangan Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Merek Hormel]]
[[Kategori:Daging yang dikalengkan]]
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