Fajar senja: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:蘿蔔坑夜色.jpg|[[Siluet]] manusia dan objek sekitar ketika aramfajar senja|250px|jmpl]]

[[Berkas:Samocice 2.jpg|jmpl|250px|Aram pagiFajar di [[Samocice]], [[Polandia]].]]

'''AramFajar senja''' atau '''Aram temaram''' atau '''Sabur limbur'''<ref>{{kamus|temaram}}</ref> ({{lang-en|twilight}}) adalah masa waktu ketika masih[[matahari]] adaberada cahayadi alamibawah yang[[cakrawala]], dipancarkantetapi diberkas langitcahayanya yang langsungdisebut menerima'''aram sinartemaram'''<ref>{{kamus|aram Mataharitemaram}}</ref> danmasih memantulkannyatampak sebagiandi kelangit permukaanakibat Bumipantulan pada waktusinar [[senjamatahari]] danlangsung ke permukaan [[fajarBumi]].<ref>{{Kamus|Fajar sedangkansenja}}</ref> Periode ini terjadi sebelum matahari sudah/masihterbit berada([[fajar]]) diatau bawahsetelah pandangan[[matahari terbenam]] ([[cakrawalasenja]]).

[[Sinar matahari]] yang tersebar di [[atmosfer Bumi|atmosfer]] atas menyinari atmosfer bawah, dan permukaan [[Bumi]] pun tidak terang dan tidak gelap. Matahari sendiri tidak terlihat karena berada di bawah [[cakrawala]]. Karena kualitas [[cahaya ambien]] yang tidak biasa pada periode ini, cahaya aram sangat dikenal oleh fotografer dan pelukis yang menjulukinya sebagai "[[jam biru]]", sesuai istilah [[bahasa Prancis|Prancis]] ''l'heure bleue''. AramFajar senja secara teknis diartikan sebagai periode sebelum Matahari terbit dan setelah Matahari terbenam ketika muncul cahaya alami dari atmosfer atas yang menerima langsung sinar Matahari dan menyebarkan sebagian sinarnya ke permukaan Bumi..<ref name=USNO>{{cite web|url=http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/RST_defs.php|title=Definitions from the US Astronomical Applications Dept (USNO)|accessdate=2009-03-03|archive-date=2018-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116050226/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/RST_defs.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Terdapat tiga subkategori metode dan berterima secara umum dalam menetukan aramfajar (twilight)senja, yakni:

* AramFajar senja sipil (''civil twilight'')

* AramFajar senja nautikal (''nautical twilight'')

* AramFajar senja astromomis (''astronomical twilight'')

* [[Bayangan Bumi]], terlihat ketika aram

* [http://www.spectralcalc.com/solar_calculator/solar_position.php Twilight Calculator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124235959/http://www.spectralcalc.com/solar_calculator/solar_position.php |date=2021-01-24 }} Compute twilight times.

* [http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/astronomical-information-center/rise-set-twi-defs Definition of Twilight] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606224804/http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/astronomical-information-center/rise-set-twi-defs |date=2011-06-06 }} US Naval Observatory.

* [http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/data-services/rs-one-year-us Twilight time calculator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518135639/http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/astronomical-applications/data-services/rs-one-year-us |date=2011-05-18 }}

* [http://herbert.gandraxa.com/herbert/lod.asp Formulae to calculate twilight duration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731153712/http://herbert.gandraxa.com/herbert/lod.asp |date=2008-07-31 }} by Herbert Glarner.

* [http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models/twilight.zip An Excel workbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061208171818/http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models/twilight.zip |date=2006-12-08 }} with VBA functions for twilight (dawn and dusk), sunrise, solar noon, sunset, and solar position (azimuth and elevation) by [http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models.html Greg Pelletier] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525051436/http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/models.html |date=2007-05-25 }}, translated from [http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/highlights/sunrise/sunrise.html NOAA's online calculator for sunrise/sunset] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716145151/http://www.srrb.noaa.gov/highlights/sunrise/sunrise.html |date=2011-07-16 }}

* [http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/corfidi/sunset The colors of twilight and sunset] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923212827/http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/corfidi/sunset |date=2017-09-23 }}

* [http://websurf.nao.rl.ac.uk/ HM Nautical Almanac Office websurf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714131844/http://websurf.nao.rl.ac.uk/ |date=2011-07-14 }} Compute twilight times.

* [http://www.ga.gov.au/ Geoscience Australia "Sunrise and sunset times"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802030749/http://www.ga.gov.au/ |date=2014-08-02 }} Compute twilight times.