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{{judul|bp}}
{{selfref|Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang perusahaan energi. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat [[BP (disambiguasi)]].}}
{{infobox company
| company_name =
| company_logo = [[berkas:BP Helios logo.svg]]
| company_type = [[Perusahaan publik|Publik]]
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'''BP plc''' adalah sebuah perusahaan [[minyak bumi]] bermarkas di [[London]], dan salah satu 4 besar perusahaan minyak di seluruh dunia (bersama dengan [[Royal Dutch/Shell|Shell]], [[ExxonMobil]], dan [[Total S.A.|Total]]).
BP beroperasi di hampir 80 negara di seluruh dunia, memproduksi sekitar {{convert|3.7|e6oilbbl/d}} [[Barrel of oil equivalent|oil equivalent]], dan memiliki total cadangan terbukti {{convert|19.945|e9oilbbl}} setara minyak.<ref name="AR18-glance"/> Perusahaan ini memiliki sekitar 18.700 stasiun servis di seluruh dunia.<ref name="AR18-glance"/> Divisi terbesarnya adalah BP America di [[Amerika Serikat ]]. Di Rusia, BP memiliki 19,75% saham di [[Rosneft]], perusahaan minyak dan gas [[Perusahaan publik|publik]] terbesar di dunia berdasarkan cadangan dan produksi [[hidrokarbon]].<ref name=":2"
==sejarah==
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== Struktur perusahaan ==
===Manajemen===
Helge Lund adalah ketua dewan direksi BP plc dengan Bernard Looney sebagai chief executive officer.<ref name="bp280418">{{cite press release |url=https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/news- and-insights/press-releases/helge-lund-to-suceed-carl-henric-svanberg-as-chairman.html |title=Helge Lund untuk menggantikan Carl-Henric Svanberg sebagai ketua BP |publisher=BP |
Mulai Februari 2020, individu-individu berikut menjabat di [[Dewan direksi|dewan]]:<ref name="BP">{{cite web |url=https://www.bp.com/en/global/ corporate/who-we-are/board-and-executive-management/the-board.html |title=Dewan |publisher=BP Plc |access-date=28 Februari 2020 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[Helge Lund]] (ketua)
* [[Bernard Looney]] (kepala eksekutif)
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* Paula Rosput Reynolds (direktur non-eksekutif independen)
* [[John Sawers|John Sawers, GCMG]] (direktur non-eksekutif independen)
===
Saham BP
=== Branding and public relations ===
In the first quarter of 2001 the company adopted the marketing name of BP, and replaced its "Green Shield" logo with the "Helios" symbol, a green and yellow sunflower logo named after the [[Helios|Greek sun god]] and designed to represent energy in its many forms. BP introduced a new corporate slogan – "Beyond Petroleum" along with a $200M advertising and marketing campaign.<ref name="Ries">Laura Ries for Ries Pieces. May 2010. [http://ries.typepad.com/ries_blog/2010/05/bp-has-a-brand-problem.html BP has a Brand Problem]<div id="qonyt3qzpo" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref><ref name="Landman">Anne Landman ''PR Watch''. 3 May 2010 [http://www.prwatch.org/node/9038 BP's "Beyond Petroleum" Campaign Losing its Sheen]<div id="uqn6v9nqs6" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref> According to the company, the new slogan represented their focus on meeting the growing demand for fossil fuels, manufacturing and delivering more advanced products, and to enable transitioning to a lower carbon footprint.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Beyond petroleum |journal=Science |volume=329 |issue=5993 |pages=727 |publisher=BP |bibcode=2010Sci...329..727K |last1=Kennedy |first1=D. |year=2010 |doi=10.1126/science.1194561 |pmid=20705817 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
By 2008, BP's branding campaign had succeeded with the culmination of a 2007 Effie Award from the [[American Marketing Association]], and consumers had the impression that BP was one of the greenest petroleum companies in the world.<ref>Gregory Solman for Adweek 21 January 2008 [http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising/coloring-public-opinion-91644 Coloring Public Opinion?]<div id="vmu80wuok6" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref> BP was criticised by environmentalists and marketing experts, who stated that the company's alternative energy activities were only a fraction of the company's business at the time.<ref>Stephen A. Greyser for the Harvard Business Review Magazine. 9 June 2010 [http://blogs.hbr.org/hbsfaculty/2010/06/the-bp-brands-avoidable-fall.html The BP Brand's Avoidable Fall]<div id="osypg31oc3" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref> According to [[Democracy Now]], BP's marketing campaign amounted to a deceptive [[greenwashing]] public-relations [[spin (public relations)|spin campaign]] given that BP's 2008 budget included more than $20 billion for fossil fuel investment and less than $1.5 billion for all alternative forms of energy.<ref name="Amy Goodman" /><ref name="Kempff">[http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/Global/usa/report/2010/1/carbon-scam-noel-kempff-clima.pdf ''Carbon Scam'': Noel Kempff Climate Action Project and the Push for Sub-national Forest Offsets]<div id="zavogq78gt" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div> Sub-prime carbon brought to you by AEP, BP, and Pacificorp, Greenpeace 10/2009 pages 4–5 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628234759/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/Global/usa/report/2010/1/carbon-scam-noel-kempff-clima.pdf |date=28 June 2011 }}<div id="uypjv6a1jm" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div><span> 28 June 2011 di </span>[[Wayback Machine]]<span>.</span>
</ref> Oil and energy analyst [[Antonia Juhasz]] notes BP's investment in green technologies peaked at 4% of its exploratory budget prior to cutbacks, including the discontinuation of BP Solar and the closure of its alternative energy headquarters in London. {{Cite episode
| title = BP Funnels Millions into Lobbying to Influence Regulation and Rebrand Image
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| network = [[Democracy Now]]
| airdate = 5 May 2010}}
</ref><ref name=reuters211211/> According to Juhasz, "four percent...hardly qualifies the company to be Beyond Petroleum", citing BP's "aggressive modes of production, whether it's the tar sands [or] offshore".<ref name="Amy Goodman"/>
BP attained a negative public image from the series of industrial accidents that occurred through the 2000s, and its public image was severely damaged after the Deepwater Horizon explosion and Gulf Oil spill. In the immediate aftermath of the spill, [[Reactions to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill#BP public relations|BP initially downplayed the severity of the incident]], and made many of the same PR errors that Exxon had made after the ''Exxon Valdez'' disaster.<ref>Ann C Mulkern for ''The New York Times''. 10 June 2010 [https://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2010/06/10/10greenwire-bps-pr-blunders-mirror-exxons-appear-destined-98819.html BP's PR Blunders Mirror Exxon's, Appear Destined for Record Book]<div id="wfd0csb3na" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref><ref name="Wired">{{cite news|last=Van Buskirk|first=Eliot|title=BP's Social Media Campaign Going About as Well as Capping That Well|url=https://www.wired.com/business/2010/06/bps-social-media-campaign-going-about-as-well-as-capping-that-well/|work=Wired|access-date=2 April 2013|date=9 June 2010}}</ref> CEO Tony Hayward was criticised for his statements and had committed several gaffes, including stating that he "wanted his life back."<ref>Suzanne Vranica for the Wall Street Journal. 29 December 2010 [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204685004576046302759708050 Public Relations Learned the Hard Way]<div id="gt4tqik45d" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref> Some in the media commended BP for some of its social media efforts, such as the use of Twitter and Facebook as well as a section of the company's website where it communicated its efforts to clean up the spill.<ref name="Slate2010">Christopher Beam for Slate. 5 May 2010 [http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2010/05/oil_slick.single.html Oil Slick: How BP is handling its P.R. disaster]<div id="fr1h7sj9b9" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref><ref>Elizabeth Shogren for NPR. 21 April 2011 [https://www.npr.org/2011/04/21/135575238/bp-a-textbook-example-of-how-not-to-handle-pr BP: A Textbook Example Of How Not To Handle PR]<div id="tke8shnop2" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref><ref>Ian Smith for Intelegia. 24 January 2011. [http://www.intelegia.com/en/2011/01/24/good-content-strategy-or-public-relations/ Good Content Strategy or Public Relations]<div id="k6j92i77dy" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_gray "></div></div></div> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617144304/http://www.intelegia.com/en/2011/01/24/good-content-strategy-or-public-relations/ |date=17 June 2013 }}<div id="q0wjzda8kl" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_gray "></
</ref>
In February 2012 BP North America launched a $500 million branding campaign to rebuild its brand.<ref>Jonathan Morris for Wall St. Cheat Sheet. 3 February 2012 [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/BP-To-Spend-500M-Restore-Its-wscheats-4005309358.html BP To Spend $500M to Restore Its Brand]<div id="voocuo30wj" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref>
The company's advertising budget was about $5 million per week during the four-month spill in the Gulf of Mexico, totaling nearly $100 million.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/16/bp-oil-spill-ads-since-deepwater-horizon_n_3093185.html | work=Huffington Post | first=Nick | last=Visser | title=WATCH: A History of BP's Ads Since The Gulf Spill | date=16 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Shelley DuBois |url=https://money.cnn.com/2010/09/01/news/companies/BP_spill_advertising_costs.fortune/index.htm |title=BP's advertising budget during the spill neared $100 million – Sep. 1, 2010 |publisher=CNN |date=1 September 2010 |access-date=26 April 2013}}</ref>
In May 2012, BP tasked a press office staff member to openly join discussions on the Wikipedia article's talk page and suggest content to be posted by other editors.<ref>Brian Merchant for Motherboard. 2 April 2013. [http://motherboard.vice.com/blog/meet-the-pr-guru-who-wants-to-help-corporations-get-heard-on-wikipedia Meet the PR Guru Who Wants to Help Corporations Write Wikipedia]<div id="rf51v3dzfs" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403142317/http://motherboard.vice.com/blog/meet-the-pr-guru-who-wants-to-help-corporations-get-heard-on-wikipedia |date=3 April 2013 }}<
</ref> Controversy emerged in 2013 over the amount of content from BP that had entered this article.<ref name="zdnet2013">Violet Blue, [http://www.zdnet.com/big-oils-wikipedia-cleanup-a-brand-management-experiment-out-of-control-7000013160/ "Big Oil's Wikipedia cleanup: A brand management experiment out of control"]<div id="psonlyeoc6" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div>, ZDNet, 27 March 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2013</ref><ref>Natasha Lennard [http://www.salon.com/2013/03/21/bp_edited_its_own_environmental_record_on_wikipedia/ Salon, 21 March 2013]<div id="kudc30zujr" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div>. Retrieved 28 March 2013</ref> Wikipedia co-founder [[Jimmy Wales]] stated that, by identifying himself as a BP staff member, the contributor in question had complied with site policy regarding conflicts of interest.<ref name="zdnet2013" />
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Juga pada tahun 2017, BP menambahkan operasi penggantian kelamin ke dalam daftar manfaatnya bagi karyawan AS.<ref name="Hunn17">{{cite news |title=BP meningkatkan manfaat, termasuk operasi penggantian kelamin |last1=Hunn |first1=David | url=http://www.chron.com/business/energy/article/BP-boosts-benefits-includes-gender-reassignment-11172800.php |newspaper=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=26 Mei 2017 |akses -date=7 November 2017}}</ref> Menurut Kampanye Hak Asasi Manusia, BP adalah salah satu dari sedikit perusahaan minyak dan gas yang menawarkan tunjangan transgender kepada karyawannya.<ref name="Hunn17" /> BP berada di peringkat No. 51 dalam daftar 100 pemberi kerja teratas untuk staf lesbian, gay, biseksual, dan transgender pada Indeks Kesetaraan Tempat Kerja Stonewall 2017.<ref name="SWEI">{{cite web |url=http://www.stonewall.org. uk/sites/default/files/top_100_employers_2017-web_0.pdf |title=Stonewall Workplace Equality Index |publisher=Stonewall |access-date=7 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205103741 /http://www.stonewall.or g.uk/sites/default/files/top_100_employers_2017-web_0.pdf |archive-date=5 Februari 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Juga pada tahun 2017, John Mingé, chairman dan presiden BP America, menandatangani sepucuk surat bersama eksekutif minyak Houston lainnya yang mencela usulan "tagihan kamar mandi" di Texas.<ref name="Andrews17">{{cite news |title=Eksekutif minyak Houston bergabung dengan para pemimpin bisnis Dallas dalam mencela 'bathroom bill' Texas |last1=Andrews |first1=Travis M. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/08/01/houston-oil-executives-join-dallas-business-leaders-in-denouncing -texas-bathroom-bill/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=1 Agustus 2017 |access-date=7 November 2017 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
==BP Indonesia==
BP telah beroperasi di [[Indonesia]] lebih dari 35 tahun, kini menjadi salah satu investor terbesar di Indonesia, dengan [[investasi]] kumulatif lebih dari [[USD]] 5 [[Milyar]]. Akuisisi asset ARCO pada tahun 2000-an dan persetujuan dari Pemerintah [[Republik Indonesia]] pada Maret 2005 untuk memulai konstruksi LNG Tangguh, memperbesar secara signifikan posisi BP pada sektor [[energi]] di [[Indonesia]]. Saat ini BP Indonesia memiliki karyawan lebih dari 1.000 orang, yang sebagian besar berada di [[Jakarta]] dan [[Papua Barat]].<ref name="BPin">[http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9004745&contentId=7008745 BP in Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912040332/http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9004745&contentId=7008745 |date=2013-09-12 }}<div id="lvu9q8x2kz" class="shield-container" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; display: -webkit-inline-box; width: 16px; height: 16px;"><div data-reactroot="" class="shield_container"><div class="wot_shield shield shield_green "></div></div></div></ref>
=== LNG Tangguh ===
LNG Tangguh adalah mega-proyek yang membangun kilang [[LNG]] di [[Teluk Bintuni]], [[Papua Barat]], untuk menampung gas alam yang berasal dari beberapa Blok di sekitar Teluk Bintuni, seperti '''Blok Berau''', '''Blok Wiriagar''' dan '''Blok Muturi'''. LNG Tangguh ini melengkapi pengilangan gas yang sudah ada di [[Indonesia]], yaitu di [[LNG Arun]], [[Aceh]] dan [[Badak NGL|LNG Bontang]], [[Kalimantan Timur]].
Proyek ini meliputi kegiatan pengeboran gas dari enam lapangan untuk menarik cadangan gas sekitar 14,4 triliun kaki kubik melalui dua anjungan lepas pantai yang terletak di [[Teluk Bintuni]]. Dari dua anjungan tersebut, gas akan mengalir melalui pipa bawah laut menuju fasilitas proses LNG di pantai selatan teluk. Dari sana, LNG akan dibawa ke pasar energi menggunakan tanker LNG.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9004779&contentId=7008759 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2021-04-30 |archive-date=2012-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818055622/http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9004779&contentId=7008759 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Proyek LNG Tangguh ini terletak di [[Teluk Bintuni]] yang berada di daerah kepala burung [[Pulau Papua]] pada koordinat {{coor dms|2|26|30|S|133|08|10|E|}}. Dari [[Jakarta]], membutuhkan waktu tempuh sekitar tujuh jam perjalanan udara untuk sampai ke lokasi.
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* [http://www.bp.com/ BP Company Website]
* [http://www.bp.com/subsection.do?categoryId=10&contentId=2001674 BP's Corporate History]
* [http://www.arcogas.com/ Arco Brand Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061020203456/http://www.arcogas.com/ |date=2006-10-20 }}
* [http://www.bpsolar.com BP Solar]
== Referensi ==
[[Kategori:Templat webarchive tautan wayback]]
[[Kategori:Perusahaan minyak]]
[[Kategori:Perusahaan multinasional]]
[[Kategori:Perusahaan inggris]]
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