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Penghapusan kendaraan bahan bakar fosil secara bertahap: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Orphan|date=Oktober 2020}}
 
'''Penghapusan kendaraan bahan bakar fosil''' adalah salah satu dari dua bagian terpenting dari proses penghentian penggunaan bahan bakar fosil secara umum, yang lainnya adalah penghentian penggunaan pembangkit listrik bahan bakar fosil untuk listrik utama.
 
Lebih dari 14 negara dan lebih dari 20 kota di seluruh dunia telah mengusulkan pelarangan penjualan kendaraan penumpang (terutama mobil dan bus) yang menggunakan bahan bakar fosil seperti [[bensibensin]]n, bahan bakar gas cair dan [[diesel]] di masa mendatang.<ref name=EVOutlook2020/><ref name="climateprotection.org">{{Cite web|last=Burch|first=Isabella|date=March 2020|title=Survey of Global Activity to Phase Out Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles|url=https://theclimatecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Survey-on-Global-Activities-to-Phase-Out-ICE-Vehicles-update-3.18.20-1.pdf}}</ref> Sinonim dari larangan tersebut termasuk frasa seperti "melarang mobil berbahan bakar bensin",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/countries-banning-gas-cars-2017-10//|title=These countries are banning gas-powered vehicles by 2040|publisher=}}</ref> "melarang mobil bensin", "larangan mobil bensin dan solar", atau sekadar "larangan diesel". [Metode penghapusan lainnya adalah penggunaan [[zona nol emisi rendah]] di kota-kota.
 
== Yurisdiksi dengan larangan kendaraan bahan bakar fosil yang direncanakan ==
 
=== Negara ===
Tiongkok, pasar mobil terbesar di dunia, sedang meneliti jadwal. Jepang, pasar mobil global nomor tiga, memiliki rencana komprehensif untuk menjadi [[ekonomi hidrogen]] pada tahun 2040.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nagashima_japan_hydrogen_2018_.pdf|title=Japan's Hydrogen Strategy and its Economic and Geopolitical Implications|last=IFRI Center for Energy}}</ref> Negara lain dengan larangan yang diusulkan atau menerapkan 100% penjualan kendaraan tanpa emisi termasuk [[Britania Raya]], Korea Selatan, Islandia, Denmark, Swedia, Norwegia, Slovenia, Jerman, Prancis, Belanda, Spanyol, [[Portugal]], [[Kanada]], 12 negara bagian AS menyatakan bahwa mematuhi Program Kendaraan Nol Emisi (ZEV) California, Sri Lanka, Cabo Verde, dan Kosta Rika.<ref name="EVOutlook2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2020 |title=Global EV Outlook 2020: Entering the decade of electric drive? |author=[[International Energy Agency]] (IEA), Clean Energy Ministerial, and Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) |publisher=IEA Publications |date=June 2020 |accessdate=2020-06-15}} See Table 2.1</ref>
 
Pada tahun 2018, Denmark mengusulkan larangan di seluruh UE terhadap mobil bensin dan diesel, tetapi ternyata hal itu bertentangan dengan peraturan UE. Pada Oktober 2019, mereka membuat proposal baru untuk menghentikan kendaraan bahan bakar fosil secara bertahap di tingkat negara anggota pada tahun 2040; proposal ini memenuhi aturan, dan didukung oleh 10 negara anggota Uni Eropa lainnya.<ref name="Ekblom">{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-autos-denmark-idUSKBN1WJ1YW |title=Denmark calls for EU strategy to phase out diesel and petrol cars from 2030 |author=Jonas Ekblom |work=Reuters |date=4 October 2019 |accessdate=14 September 2020}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
Baris 11 ⟶ 18:
| {{flagcountry|Austria}}
| 2016
| 2020 (rencanaperencanaan pemerintah)<ref name="Salzburger">{{Cite news |url=https://www.sn.at/wirtschaft/oesterreich/umweltbundesamt-ab-2020-keine-diesel-und-benzinautos-mehr-1577830 |title=Umweltbundesamt: Ab 2020 keine Diesel- und Benzinautos mehr |author= |work=Salzburger Nachtrichten |date=12 April 2016 |accessdate=19 September 2020 |language=de}}</ref>
| Non-listrik
| Penjualan kendaraan baru<ref name="Salzburger"/>
|-
| {{flagcountry|California}}
| 2020
| 2035<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-23|title=Governor Newsom Announces California Will Phase Out Gasoline-Powered Cars & Drastically Reduce Demand for Fossil Fuel in California’s Fight Against Climate Change|url=https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/09/23/governor-newsom-announces-california-will-phase-out-gasoline-powered-cars-drastically-reduce-demand-for-fossil-fuel-in-californias-fight-against-climate-change/|access-date=2020-09-26|website=California Governor|language=en}}</ref>
| Emisi
| Penjualan kendaraan baru
|-
| {{flagcountry|Canada}}
| 2017
| 2040 (rencamaperencanaan iklim)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Canada’s actions to reduce emissions|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/weather/climatechange/climate-plan/reduce-emissions.html|last=Canada|first=Environment and Climate Change|date=2017-12-29|website=aem|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref>
| Emisi
| Penjualan kendaraan baru
Baris 42 ⟶ 55:
| 2018
| 2040<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
| ICE{{#tag:ref|ICE standsadalah forsingkatan dari [[internalmotor combustionbakar enginepembakaran dalam]] ({{lang-en|Internal combustion engine}}).|group="note"}}
| Penjualan kendaraan baru<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|-
Baris 53 ⟶ 66:
| {{flagcountry|Germany}}
| 2016
| 2030 (keputusan [[Bundesrat of Germany(Jerman)|Bundesrat]] decision)<ref name="Böll">{{Cite news |url=https://www.spiegel.de/auto/aktuell/bundeslaender-wollen-benzin-und-dieselautos-ab-2030-verbieten-a-1115671.html |title=Bundesländer wollen Benzin- und Dieselautos verbieten |author=Sven Böll |work=Der Spiegel |date=8 October 2016 |accessdate=19 September 2020 |language=de}}</ref>
| Emisi
| Semua penggunaan kendaraan<ref name="Böll"/> {{clarify|reason=is this really "use" not "sales"?|date=September 2020}}
Baris 71 ⟶ 84:
| {{flagcountry|Ireland}}
| 2019
| 2030 (governmenttagihan billpemerintah)<ref name="Farsaci">{{cite web|url=https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/government-plans-ban-sales-new-21180864 |title=Government plans to ban sales of new petrol and diesel cars |author=Liz Farsaci |work=Irish Mirror |date=29 December 2019 |accessdate=17 September 2020}}</ref>
| Diesel, petrolbensin
| Penjualan kendaraan baru<ref name="Farsaci"/>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Israel}}
| 2018
| 2030<ref name="Solomon">{{cite web|url=https://wwwoto.timesofisraeldetik.com/mobil/d-4258489/israel-aimslarang-tomobil-eliminatediesel-usedan-ofbensin-coal-gasoline-and-diesel-bytahun-2030/|title=Israel aimsLarang toMobil eliminateDiesel usedan ofBensin coal, gasoline and diesel byTahun 2030 |author=ShoshannaRizki SolomonPratama |work=Timesdetik of IsraelOto |date=2716 FebruaryOktober 2018 |accessdate=1618 SeptemberNovember 2020}}</ref>
| Diesel, petrolbensin
| Kendaraan impor baru
| New imported vehicles
|-
| {{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
| 2017
| 2030 (coalitionperjanjian agreementkoalisi)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nltimes.nl/2017/10/10/new-dutch-governments-plans-coming-years|title=New Dutch government's plans for the coming years|date=2017-10-10|website=NL Times|language=en|access-date=2020-02-12}}</ref>
| Diesel, petrolbensin
| AllSemua carsmobil
|-
| {{flagcountry|Norway}}
| 2017
| 2025 (taxpajak anddan usageinsentif incentivespenggunaan)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://qz.com/1341155/nine-countries-say-they-will-ban-internal-combustion-engines-none-have-a-law-to-do-so/
|title=Nine countries say they'll ban internal combustion engines|date=7 August 2018|publisher=|via=qz.com}}</ref>
| Diesel, petrolbensin
| AllSemua carsmobil
|-
| {{flagcountry|Singapore}}
| 2020
| 2040 (incentivesinsentif onuntuk electrickendaraan vehicleslistrik)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tan |first1=Christopher |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/singapore-budget-2020-push-to-promote-evs-in-move-to-phase-out-petrol-and-diesel |title=Singapore Budget 2020: Push to promote electric vehicles in move to phase out petrol and diesel vehicles |date=18 February 2020 |website=The Straits Times |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref>
| Diesel, petrolbensin
| Semua kendaraan
| All vehicles
|-
| {{flagcountry|Slovenia}}
| 2017
| 2030 (emissionbatas limit ofemisi 50 g/km)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/slovenia-autos-idUSL8N1MN54J|title=Slovenia to ban new fossil-fuel cars from 2030, reduce debt|date=2017-10-12|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-12-19|language=en}}</ref>
| Diesel, petrolbensin
| Penjualan mobil baru
| New car sales
|-
| {{flagcountry|Spain}}
Baris 110 ⟶ 123:
| 2040<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
| ICE
| NewPenjualan vehiclekendaraan salesbaru<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|-
| {{flagcountry|Sri Lanka}}
| 2017
| 2040<ref>{{cite news |title=Sri Lanka to scrap state-owned fossil fuel vehicles by 2025 |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/south-asia/sri-lanka-to-scrap-state-owned-fossil-fuel-vehicles-by-2025|quote=Private owners have until 2040 to replace their cars, tuk-tuks and motorcycles, when the country plans to no longer allow any fossil fuel-burning vehicles on its roads, he said. |accessdate=11 July 2019 |work=The Straits Times |agency=AFP |date=10 November 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
| Diesel, petrolbensin
| Semua kendaraan
| All vehicles
|-
| {{flagcountry|Sweden}}
| 2018
| 2030 (coalitionperjanjian agreementkoalisi)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nyteknik.se/fordon/ny-regering-nu-vantar-forbud-mot-bensinbilar-6945094|title=Ny regering – nu väntar förbud mot bensinbilar|last=Kristensson|first=Johan|website=Ny Teknik|language=sv|access-date=2019-05-26|archive-date=2019-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526081300/https://www.nyteknik.se/fordon/ny-regering-nu-vantar-forbud-mot-bensinbilar-6945094|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| Diesel, petrolbensin
| Penjualan mobil baru
| New car sales
|-
| {{flagcountry|Taiwan}}
| 2017
| 2040<ref name="Wei-han">{{Cite news |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2017/12/22/2003684414 |title=Cabinet to ban sales of fossil fuel-powered vehicles |author=Chen Wei-han |work=Taipei Times |date=22 December 2017 |accessdate=14 September 2020}}</ref>
| Diesel, petrolbensin
| AllSemua penggunaan bus use (2030), allsemua penjualan motorcyclesepeda salesmotor (2035), allsemua carpenjualan salesmobil (2040).<ref name="Wei-han"/>
|-
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| 2020
|2030,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-18|title=''Jreng!'' Inggris Larang Mobil Bensin & Diesel Mulai 2030|url=http://www.cnbcindonesia.com/lifestyle/20201118101603-33-202643-jreng-inggris-larang-mobil-bensin-diesel-mulai-2030|website=CNBC Indonesia}}{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> 2035 (plug-in hibrida)<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rincon|first=Paul|date=2020-09-24|title=UK can be 'Saudi Arabia of wind power' - PM|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-54285497|access-date=2020-09-25}}</ref>
|2030<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-21|title=UK plans to bring forward ban on fossil fuel vehicles to 2030|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/sep/21/uk-plans-to-bring-forward-ban-on-fossil-fuel-vehicles-to-2030|access-date=2020-09-21|website=the Guardian}}</ref>
| Non-listrik
| Emitting
| Penjualan mobil baru
| New car sales
|}
 
== Catatan ==
{{reflist|group="note"}}
 
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
 
[[Kategori:Perubahan teknologi]]
 
 
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