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{{Distinguish2|2060 Chiron}}
{| class="toccolours" style="margin-left: 1em; float:right; width: 25em;"
{{Infobox planet
|+ style="font-size:larger;" | '''Charon'''
| name = Kharon [[file:Charon symbol (bold).svg|20px|⯕]]
|-
| image = [[Berkas:Charon by New Horizons on 13 July 2015.png|250px]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background: #001000;"|
| caption = Foto Kharon yang direkam oleh ''[[New Horizons]]'' pada 14 Juli 2015
|}
| width = 250px
| discovery = yes
| discoverer = [[James W. Christy]]
| discovered = 22 Juni 1978
| alt_names = ({{val|134340}}) Pluto I<ref name="Nomenclature">{{cite web
|date=2009-11-09
|title=Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
|publisher=IAU Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)
|author=Jennifer Blue
|url = http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.html#DwarfPlanets
|accessdate=2010-02-24}}</ref>
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ʃ|ær|ə|n}} atau {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɛər|ə|n}}<ref group = note>In US dictionary transcription, {{USdict|shăr′·ən, kār′·ən}}, the latter per the anglicized pronunciation of the {{Lang-el|''Χάρων''}}.</ref>
| note = yes
| adjectives =
| named_after = [[Kharon]]
| orbit_ref = &nbsp;<ref name="Buie_2006" /><!-- http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0512491.pdf was A. J. Steffl, M. J. Mutchler, H. A. Weaver, S. A. Stern, D. D. Durda, D. Terrell, W. J. Merline, L. A. Young, E. F. Young, M. W. Buie, and J. R. Spencer, ''New Constraints on Additional Satellites of the Pluto System'', Astronomical Journal, Volume 132, Issue 2, pp. 614–619 (August 2006)-->
| epoch = {{val|2452600.5}}
| semimajor = {{val|17536|4|u=km}} ke barisenter sistem, {{val|19571|4|u=km}} ke pusat Pluto
| eccentricity = 0,00<ref name="Buie2012">{{cite journal
| author = M. Buie
| title = The Orbit of Charon is Circular
| journal = The Astronomical Journal | year = 2012 | volume = 144 | pages = 15
| doi= 10.1088/0004-6256/144/1/15
| bibcode = 2012AJ....144...15B
| display-authors = 1
| last2 = Tholen
| first2 = D.
| last3 = Grundy
| first3 = W. }}</ref>
| period = {{val|6.3872304|0.0000011|u=d}}<br>(6 hari, 9 jam, 17 menit, 36,7 ± 0,1 detik)
| avg_speed = 0,21 km/detik{{efn|group=note|name=calculated|Dihitung berdasarkan parameter lain.}}
| inclination = {{val|0.001|u=°}}<br>(ke ekuator Pluto)<br>{{val|119.591|0.014|u=°}}<br>(ke orbit Pluto)<br>{{val|112.783|0.014|u=°}}<br>(ke [[ekliptika]])
<!-- The latter are based on the Charonian orbital pole of α=133.046±0.014°, δ=-6.145±0.014° in [[J2000]] coordinates ([[International Celestial Reference Frame|ICRF]]) given in Buie et al. (ref name="Buie_2006")-->
| asc_node = {{val|223.046|0.014|u=°}}<br>(ke [[ekuinoks vernal]])
| satellite_of = [[Pluto]]
| physical_characteristics = yes
| mean_radius = {{val|603.5|1.5|u=km}}<ref name="Sicardy06">{{cite journal
| author = B. Sicardy
| title = Charon's size and an upper limit on its atmosphere from a stellar occultation
| journal = Nature | year = 2006 | volume = 439 | pages = 52–4
| doi= 10.1038/nature04351
| pmid = 16397493
| issue = 7072 | bibcode = 2006Natur.439...52S
| display-authors = 1
| last2 = Bellucci
| first2 = A.
| last3 = Gendron
| first3 = E.
| last4 = Lacombe
| first4 = F.
| last5 = Lacour
| first5 = S.
| last6 = Lecacheux
| first6 = J.
| last7 = Lellouch
| first7 = E.
| last8 = Renner
| first8 = S.
| last9 = Pau
| first9 = S. }}</ref><br>(0.095 Earths)
| surface_area = {{val|4.58|e=6|u=km2}}
| volume = {{val|9.027|e=8|u=km3}}<br>({{val|0.0008|u=Bumi}})<ref name=volume>[[Volume#Volume formulas|Volume bola dengan radius 603,5 km]] = {{val|902704853.6|u=km3}} / [[Volume Bumi|{{val|1083207317374|u=km3}}]] = {{val|8.4|e=-4}} = {{val|0.00084|u=Bumi}}</ref>
| mass = {{val|1.52|0.06|e=21|u=kg}}<ref name="Buie_2006" /><br>({{val|2.54|e=-4|u=Bumi}})<br>(11,6% Pluto)
| density = {{val|1.65|0.06|u=g/cm3}}<ref name="Buie_2006" />
| surface_grav = {{val|0.278|ul=m/s2}}
| escape_velocity = {{val|0.580|u=km/s}}<br>0.36 mi/detik
| single_temperature = {{val|-220|u=°C}} ({{val|53|ul=K}})
| rotation = [[Orbit sinkron|Sinkronis]]
| axial_tilt = 0?
| albedo = 0,36 hingga 0,39
| magnitude = 16,8<ref name="magnitude">{{cite web
| title = Classic Satellites of the Solar System
| url = http://www.oarval.org/ClasSaten.htm
| publisher = Observatorio ARVAL
| accessdate = 2007-10-19 }}</ref>
| abs_magnitude = 1<ref name="jewitt1000km">{{cite web
| date = June 2008
| title = The 1000 km Scale KBOs
| publisher = Institute for Astronomy (UH)
| author = David Jewitt
| url = http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~jewitt/kb/big_kbo.html
| accessdate = 2008-06-13 }}</ref>
| angular_size = 55 milli-arcsec<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/press-rel/pr-2006/pr-02-06.html
| title = Stellar occultation allows VLT to determine Charon's size and to put upper limit on its atmosphere
| publisher = ESO 02/06 – Science Release
| date = 2006-01-04
| accessdate = 2007-10-19
| archive-date = 2006-01-18
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060118020147/http://eso.org/outreach/press-rel/pr-2006/pr-02-06.html
| dead-url = yes
}}</ref>
}}
[[Berkas:Moons of Pluto.png|300px|jmpl]]
'''CharonKharon''' (Inggeris: ''Charon'' {{pronEng|ˈʃɛərən}} ''<small>SHAIR</small>-ən,'' atau {{IPA|/ˈkɛərən/}} ''<small>KAIR</small>-ən'' seperti dalam {{lang-gr|Χάρων}}), ditemukan tahun [[1978]], adalah sebuah satelit terbesar [[Pluto]] dan salah satu anggota [[planet katai]] [[planet ganda|ganda]] dengan Pluto sebagai anggota lainnya, bergantung pada definisi. Dengan penemuan dua bulan Pluto lainnya ([[Nix (bulansatelit)|NixNiks]] dan [[Hydra (bulansatelit)|HydraHidra]]), CharonKharon kini disebut '''Pluto I'''. Misi pesawatwahana angkasaantariksa ''[[New Horizons]]'' dijadwalkan mengunjungi CharonKharon dan Pluto pada Juli 2015.
 
Kharon ditemukan oleh astronom [[James Christy]] pada tanggal [[22 Juni]] [[1978]], ketika ia memeriksa gambar [[Pluto]] yang diperbesar. Christy menyadari bahwa bagian kecil yang menonjol muncul pada waktu tertentu. Kharon awalnya disebut '''S/1978 P 1''' Pada [[24 Juni]] [[1978]], Christy mengusulkan nama ''Kharon''.
[[Berkas:Charon 2.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Gambaran artis mengenai Charon dari permukaan Pluto.]]
Charon ditemukan oleh astronom [[James Christy]] pada tanggal [[22 Juni]] [[1978]], ketika ia memeriksa gambar [[Pluto]] yang diperbesar. Christy menyadari bahwa bagian kecil yang menonjol muncul pada waktu tertentu. Charon awalnya disebut '''S/1978 P 1''' Pada [[24 Juni]] [[1978]], Christy mengusulkan nama ''Charon''.
 
CharonKharon memiliki diameter sebesar 1.207&nbsp;km, sekitar setengah dari diameter Pluto, dengan luas permukaan sebesar 4.580.000&nbsp;km². Tidak seperti Pluto yang dilapisi [[nitrogen]] dan es [[metana]], permukaan CharonKharon didominasi oleh es dan tidak memiliki atmosfer.
 
== Pranala luarGaleri ==
{{Gallery |align=center |width=200
{{commons|Charon}}
|File:NH-7-13-15-Charon-NewHorizons-20150712.png|{{small|Kharon, satelit Pluto, dilihat dari ''New Horizons''<br>(12 Juli 2015).}}
* [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Plu_Charon Charon Profile] oleh [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov NASA's Solar System Exploration]
|File:071215-Charon-NewHorizons-20150711.png|{{small|Kharon, satelit Pluto, dilihat dari ''New Horizons''<br>(11 Juli 2015).}}
* [[James W. Christy]] and [[Robert Sutton Harrington|Robert S. Harrington]], "The satellite of Pluto," [http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/AJ.../0083//0001005.000.html ''The Astronomical Journal'' '''83''' (1978) 1005]
|File:Charon-NewHorizons-Annotated-20150711.jpg|{{small|Kharon, satelit Pluto, dilihat dari ''New Horizons''<br>(bertanda; 11 Juli 2015).}}
* [[Marc W. Buie]], [http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/pluto/chphases.html Phases of Charon as seen from Pluto], [[Lowell Observatory]]
}}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4230918.stm Hubble reveals new map of Pluto], [[BBC]] News, [[12 September]] [[2005]]
{{Gallery |align=center |width=400
* IAU Circular No. 3241<ref>{{cite web|url = http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iauc/03200/03241.html |title = IAUC 3241: 1978 P 1; 1978 (532) 1; 1977n |accessdate = 2008-06-22}}</ref> describing the discovery
|File:NH-PlutoCharon-Color-NewHorizons-20150711.jpg|{{small|Pluto dan Kharon dilihat dari ''New Horizons''<br>(warna; 11 Juli 2015).}}
* Measuring the Size of a Small, Frost World ([[ESO]] press release January 2006)<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.eso.org/outreach/press-rel/pr-2006/pr-02-06.html |title = ESO - 2006 |accessdate = 2008-06-22}}</ref>
|File:NH-071315-PlutoCharon-FalseColorComposite-20150713.jpg|{{small|Pluto dan Kharon dilihat dari ''New Horizons''<br>(warna semu; 13 Juli 2015).}}
* [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0602082 M. J. Person et al.: Charon’s Radius and Density from the Combined Data Sets of the 2005 July 11 Occultation] (submitted to the [[Astronomical Journal]], [[3 Februari]] [[2006]])
}}
 
== CatatanLihat kakipula ==
{{Portal|Astronomi}}
* [[Satelit Pluto]]
* [[Daftar satelit alami]]
 
== Catatan ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist
| group = note
}}
 
{{tata suryanotelist}}
 
== Referensi ==
[[Kategori:Satelit alami]]
{{reflist
[[Kategori:Satelit Pluto]]
| colwidth = 30em
| refs =
<ref name="Buie_2006">
{{cite doi | 10.1086/504422 }}. ''a, i, e'' per [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_elem#pluto JPL] (site updated 2008 Aug 25)
</ref>
 
}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{astronomi-stub}}
{{Commons category|Charon (moon)}}
* [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Plu_Charon Charon Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008221417/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Plu_Charon |date=2014-10-08 }} at [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov NASA's Solar System Exploration site]
* [[James W. Christy]] and [[Robert Sutton Harrington|Robert S. Harrington]], "The satellite of Pluto," [http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/AJ.../0083//0001005.000.html ''The Astronomical Journal'' '''83''' (1978) 1005]
* [[Marc W. Buie]], [http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/pluto/chphases.html Phases of Charon as seen from Pluto], [[Lowell Observatory]]
* Buie, [http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/pluto/plutomap1.html Surface of Charon and Pluto]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4230918.stm Hubble reveals new map of Pluto], [[BBC]] News, September 12, 2005
* [http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/03200/03241.html IAU Circular No. 3241] describing the discovery
* [http://www.eso.org/outreach/press-rel/pr-2006/pr-02-06.html Measuring the Size of a Small, Frost World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517154716/http://www.eso.org/outreach/press-rel/pr-2006/pr-02-06.html |date=2008-05-17 }} ([[ESO]] press release January 2006)
* [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0602082 M. J. Person et al.: Charon’s Radius and Density from the Combined Data Sets of the 2005 July 11 Occultation] (submitted to the [[Astronomical Journal]], February 3, 2006)
* [http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/agu/abstracts/Deschetal.pdf Cryovolcanism on Charon and other Kuiper Belt Objects] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320174750/http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/agu/abstracts/Deschetal.pdf |date=2009-03-20 }}
* [http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/news_center/news/20130710.php New Horizons Camera Spots Pluto’s Largest Moon - July 10, 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208200701/http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/news_center/news/20130710.php |date=2013-12-08 }}
 
{{Link GA|esPluto}}
{{Satelit planet katai}}
{{Satelit di Tata Surya}}
{{Objek trans-Neptunus}}
 
{{Authority control}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kharon}}
[[Kategori:Satelit Pluto]]
[[Kategori:Objek astronomi yang ditemukan tahun 1978]]
[[Kategori:Planemo]]
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