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Baris 1:
{{Infobox Continent
| title = Afrika
| image = [[Berkas:Africa (orthographic projection).svg|200px]]
| area = 30.221.532 km<sup>2</sup> (11.668.599 sq mi)
| population = 1,481,005,850 (2024)
|population = 1.032.532,974<ref name="esa.un.org">[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Excel-Data/population.htm/ "World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision"] [[United Nations]] (Department of Economic and Social Affairs, population division)</ref> (2011, [[Daftar benua berdasarkan populasi|Ketiga]])
| density = 30.51/km49 per Km<sup>2</sup> (80/sq128 jiwa per mi<sup>2</sup>)
| countries = 56 ([[Daftar negara di Afrika|Daftar negara]])
| dependencies = {{Collapsible list
{{Collapsible list
| title =
| frame_style = border: none; padding: 0;
Baris 14 ⟶ 13:
| 6 = [[Melilla]] | 7 = [[Saint Helena]]
}}
| languages = [[Bahasa-bahasa di benua Afrika|Bahasa di Afrika]]
| time = [[UTC-1]] hingga [[UTC+4]]
| cities = [[Daftar Wilayah Metropolitan di Afrika]]
| internet = [[.africa]]
}}
}}[[Berkas:LocationAfrica.png|jmpl|ka|Peta dunia yang menunjukkan lokasi Afrika.]]
 
'''Afrika''' adalah [[benua]] terbesar keduadan didengan duniapenduduk danterbanyak kedua terbanyakdi penduduknyadunia setelah [[Asia]]. Dengan luas wilayah 30.224.050 [[kilometer persegi|km²]] termasuk pulau-pulau yang berdekatan, Afrika meliputi 20,3% dari seluruh total daratan [[Bumi]]. Dengan 800 juta penduduk di 54 negara, benua ini merupakan tempat bagi sepertujuh [[populasi dunia]]. Dengan populasi
{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Africa}}|R}}/1e9 round 1}} miliar orang {{UN_Population|ref}} per tahun {{UN_Population|Year}}, benua ini menyumbang sekitar 16% dari [[populasi manusia]] dunia. Benua ini dikelilingi oleh [[Laut Mediterania]] di utara, [[Isthmus of Suez]] dan [[Laut Merah]] di timur laut, [[Samudra Hindia]] di tenggara dan [[Samudra Atlantik]] di sebelah barat. Benua ini mencakup wilayah [[Madagaskar]] dan berbagai [[kepulauan]] di sekitarnya. Benua ini juga berisi [[Daftar negara berdaulat dan wilayah tergantung di Afrika|54]] [[negara berdaulat]] yang [[pengakuan diplomatik|sepenuhnya diakui]], sembilan [[Wilayah (pembagian negara)|wilayah]] dan dua [[Daftar negara dengan pengakuan terbatas|negara dengan pengakuan terbatas atau tidak ada]] secara ''[[de facto]]'' independen.<ref>Lihat [[Daftar negara berdaulat dan wilayah tergantung di Afrika]].</ref> Mayoritas benua dan negaranya berada di [[Belahan Utara]], dengan sebagian besar dan jumlah negara di [[Belahan Selatan]].
 
Populasi rata-rata Afrika adalah yang termuda di antara semua benua;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/08/17/5-ways-the-world-will-look-dramatically-different-in-2100/|title=5 ways the world will look dramatically different in 2100|first=Ana|last=Swanson|date=17 August 2015|work=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/njideka-u-harry/african-youth-innovation-_b_3904408.html|work=Huffington Post|first=Njideka U.|last=[[Njideka Harry|Harry]]|title=African Youth, Innovation and the Changing Society|date=11 September 2013}}</ref> usia [[median]] pada 2012 adalah 19,7, ketika usia rata-rata di seluruh dunia adalah 30,4.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/cpd/cpd2012/Agenda%20item%204/UN%20system%20statements/ECA_Item4.pdf|title=item,4 of the provisional agenda&nbsp;– General debate on national experience in population matters: adolescents and youth|work=United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|author=Janneh, Abdoulie |date=April 2012|accessdate=15 December 2015}}</ref> [[Aljazair]] adalah negara terbesar di Afrika berdasarkan wilayah, dan [[Nigeria]] merupakan negara dengan jumlah penduduk terbesar. Afrika, khususnya pusat [[Afrika Timur]], diterima secara luas sebagai tempat asal [[manusia]] dan [[klad]] [[Hominidae]] (kera besar), sebagaimana dibuktikan oleh penemuan [[hominid]] paling awal dan leluhur mereka serta yang kemudian yang telah berumur sekitar 7 juta tahun yang lalu, termasuk ''[[Sahelanthropus tchadensis]]'', ''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'', ''[[Australopithecus afarensis|A. afarensis]]'', ''[[Homo erectus]]'', ''[[Homo habilis|H. habilis]]'' dan ''[[Homo ergaster|H. ergaster]]'' - ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' yang paling awal (manusia modern), ditemukan di [[Ethiopia]], sekitar 200.000 tahun yang lalu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://web.utah.edu/unews/releases/05/feb/homosapiens.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024234234/http://web.utah.edu/unews/releases/05/feb/homosapiens.html|url-status=dead|title=Homo sapiens: University of Utah News Release: 16 February 2005|archivedate=24 October 2007}}</ref> Afrika mengangkangi [[khatulistiwa]] dan meliputi banyak daerah iklim; benua ini adalah satu-satunya benua yang membentang dari zona beriklim utara ke zona beriklim selatan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visualgeography.com/continents/africa.html|title=Africa. General info|publisher=Visual Geography|accessdate=24 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424072430/http://www.visualgeography.com/continents/africa.html|archive-date=24 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
Afrika menjadi tuan rumah keragaman besar [[kelompok etnis Afrika|etnis]] manusia, budaya, dan [[Bahasa Afrika|bahasa]]. Pada [[Imperialisme Baru|akhir abad ke-19]], negara-negara Eropa [[Perebutan Afrika|menjajah hampir seluruh Afrika]]; sebagian besar negara di Afrika muncul dari proses [[Dekolonisasi Afrika|dekolonisasi]] pada abad ke-20. Negara-negara Afrika bekerja sama melalui pembentukan [[Uni Afrika]], yang berkantor pusat di [[Addis Ababa]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nama !! Ibukota
|-
| [[Mesir]]|| [[Kairo]]
|-
| [[Libya]]|| [[Tripoli]]
|-
| [[Tunisia]]|| [[Tunis]]
|-
|[[Aljazair]]
|[[Aljir|Algiers]]
|-
|[[Maroko]]
|[[Rabat]]
|-
|[[Sahara Barat]]
|[[El Aaiún|El Aaiun]]
|-
|[[Mauritania]]
|[[Nouakchott|Nuakchott]]
|-
|[[Mali]]
|[[Bamako]]
|-
|[[Niger]]
|[[Niamey]]
|-
|[[Chad]]
|[[N'Djamena]]
|-
|[[Sudan]]
|[[Khartoum]]
|-
|[[Sudan Selatan|Sudan Sel.]]
|[[Juba, Sudan Selatan|Juba]]
|-
|[[Eritrea]]
|[[Asmara, Eritrea|Asmara]]
|-
|[[Jibuti|Djibouti]]
|[[Kota Djibouti]]
|-
|[[Somalia]]
|[[Mogadishu]]
|-
|[[Somaliland]]
|[[Hargeisa]]
|-
|[[Etiopia|Ethiopia]]
|[[Addis Ababa]]
|-
|[[Senegal]]
|[[Dakar]]
|-
|[[Gambia]]
|[[Banyul|Banjui]]
|-
|[[Guinea-Bissau|Guinea Bissau]]
|[[Bissau]]
|-
|[[Guinea]]
|[[Conakry|Konakri]]
|-
|[[Sierra Leone]]
|[[Freetown]]
|-
|[[Liberia]]
|[[Monrovia]]
|-
|[[Pantai Gading]]
|[[Yamoussoukro|Yamous Soukro]]
|-
|[[Ghana]]
|Accra
|-
|Togo
|Lome
|-
|Benin
|Portonovo
|-
|Burkina Faso
|Ouagadougou
|-
|Nigeria
|Lagos
|-
|Kamerun
|Yaounde
|-
|Rep. Afrika Tengah
|Bangui
|-
|Guinea Khatulistiwa
|Malabo
|-
|Saotome & Principe
|Saotome
|-
|Tanjung Verde
|Praia
|-
|Uganda
|Kampala
|-
|Kenya
|Nairobi
|-
|Rwanda
|Kigali
|-
|Burundi
|Bujumbura
|-
|Gabon
|Libreville
|-
|Rep. Kongo
|Brazzaville
|-
|Rep. Dem. Kongo
|Kinshasa
|-
|Kabinda
|Kota Kabinda
|-
|Komoro
|Moroni
|-
|Madagaskar
|Antananarivo
|-
|Malawi
|Lilongwe
|-
|Mauritius
|Port Louis
|-
|Mayotte
|Mamoudzou
|-
|Mozambik
|Maputo
|-
|Seychelles
|Victoria
|-
|Tanzania
|Daressalam
|-
|Zambia
|Lusaka
|-
|Angola
|Luanda
|-
|Reunion
|Saint Denis
|-
|Kep. Kanary
|Las Palmas De Gran Canaria,Santa Cruz De Tenerife
|-
|Ceuta
|Kota Ceuta
|-
|Kep. Madeira
|Funchal
|-
|Melilla
|Kota Melilla
|-
|Rep. Afrika Sel.
|Pretoria
|-
|Botswana
|Gaborone
|-
|Eswatini
|Mbabane
|-
|Lesotho
|Maseru
|-
|Zimbabwe
|Harare
|-
|Namibia
|Windhoek
|-
|Saint Helena, Ascension, dan Tristan da Cunha
(Britania Raya)
|Jamestown
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|}
 
== Sejarah ==
Baris 255 ⟶ 48:
 
=== Kilimanjaro ===
Pegunungan Afrika yang tertinggi ditemukan di deretan timur yang menjulang. [[Kilimanjaro]], pegunungan tertinggi di Afrika, terdapat di timur [[Afrika Tengah]]. [[Kilimanjaro]] adalah [[gunung]] aktif yang mempunyai ketinggian 19.341 kaki (5.895 meter).
 
<!--
==History==
 
Map of Africa 1890Africa is home to the oldest inhabited territory on earth, with the human race originating from this continent. During the mid 20th century, anthropologists discovered many fossils and evidence of human occupation perhaps as early as 7 million years ago. The famous Leakey family, with ties to both Britain and Africa, discovered fossil remains of several species of early ape-like humans thought to have evolved into modern day man, such as Australopithecus afarensis ( radiometrically dated to 3.9-3.0 million years BC), Paranthropus boisei (2.3-1.4 million BC) and Homo ergaster (c. 600,000-1.9 million BC). These are significant findings in the pursuit of the study of human evolution.
 
The Ishango Bone, dated to c. 25,000 years ago, shows tallies in mathematical notation. Throughout humanity's prehistory, Africa (like all other continents) had no nation states, and was instead inhabited by groups of hunter-gatherers such as the Khoi and San (formerly known as bushmen).
 
Around 3300 BC, the historical record opens in Africa with the rise of literacy in Egypt, which continued with varying levels of influence over other areas until 343 BC. Other prominent civilizations include Ethiopia, the Nubian kingdom, Carthage, the kingdoms of the Sahel ( Ghana, Mali, and Songhai) and Great Zimbabwe.
 
In 1482, the Portuguese established the first of many trading stations along the Guinea coast at Elmina. The chief commodities dealt in were slaves, gold, ivory and spices. The European discovery of America in 1492 was followed by a great development of the slave trade, which, before the Portuguese era, had been an overland trade almost exclusively, and never confined to any one continent.
Baris 273 ⟶ 66:
 
== Negara-negara ==
Sebagian besar negara di Afrika adalah bekas negara jajahan, kecuali [[Afrika Selatan]], [[Etiopia]], dan [[Liberia]].
* [[Republik Demokratik Kongo]] merupakan bekas jajahan [[Belgia]].
* [[Mesir]], [[Sudan]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]], [[Jibuti]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Ghana]], [[Nigeria]], [[Zambia]], [[Zimbabwe]], dan [[Botswana]] merupakan bekas jajahan [[Britania Raya]].
* [[Maroko]], [[Aljazair]], [[Mauritania]], [[Mali]], [[Senegal]], [[Guinea]], [[Pantai Gading]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Benin]], [[Niger]], [[Chad]], [[Republik Afrika Tengah]], [[Gabon]], [[Republik Kongo]], dan [[Madagaskar]] merupakan bekas jajahan [[Prancis]].
* [[Togo]], [[Kamerun]], [[Burundi]], [[Rwanda]], [[Tanzania]], dan [[Namibia]] merupakan bekas jajahan [[Jerman]].
* [[Libya]], [[Eritrea]], [[Somalia]] merupakan bekas jajahan [[Italia]].
* [[Guinea Bissau]], [[Angola]], [[Malawi]], dan [[Mozambik]] merupakan bekas jajahan [[Portugal]].
* [[Arab Sahrawi]] yang merupakan bekas jajahan [[Spanyol]].
 
Sepertiganya yaitu 15 dari 47 negara terkurung oleh daratan.
Sebagian besar negara di Afrika adalah bekas negara jajahan, kecuali [[Afrika Selatan]], [[Ethiopia]] dan [[Liberia]]. [[Republik Demokrasi Kongo]] merupakan bekas jajahan [[Belgia]]. [[Mesir]], [[Sudan]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]], [[Djibouti]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Ghana]], [[Nigeria]], [[Zambia]], [[Zimbabwe]] dan [[Botswana]] bekas jajahan [[Britania Raya]]. [[Maroko]], [[Aljazair]], [[Mauritania]], [[Mali]], [[Senegal]], [[Guinea]], [[Pantai Gading]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Benin]], [[Niger]], [[Chad]], [[Republik Afrika Tengah]], [[Gabon]], [[Republik Demokratik Kongo|Kongo]] dan [[Madagaskar]] bekas jajahan [[Prancis]]. [[Togo]], [[Kamerun]], [[Burundi]], [[Rwanda]], [[Tanzania]] dan [[Namibia]] bekas jajahan [[Jerman]]. [[Libya]], [[Eritrea]], [[Somalia]] bekas jajahan [[Italia]]. [[Guinea Bissau]], [[Angola]], [[Malawi]], dan [[Mozambik]] adalah bekas jajahan [[Portugal]]. Serta [[Sahara Barat]] yang merupakan bekas jajahan [[Spanyol]]. Sepertiganya yaitu 15 dari 47 negara terkurung oleh daratan.
 
{{clear}}
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #aaa; border-collapse:collapse"
|-
|- style="background:#ececec;"
! Nama [[region]] dan {{br}}territoral dengan bendera
! [[Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah|Luas]]{{br}}(km²)
Baris 284 ⟶ 83:
! [[Daftar negara menurut kepadatan penduduk|Kepadatan Penduduk]]{{br}}(per km²)
! [[Ibu kota]]
|- style="background:#eee;"
|colspan=5 style="background:#eee;" align="center" | '''[[Afrika Timur]]'''
|-
| colspan=5 style="background:#eee;" align="center"| '''[[Afrika Timur]]'''
| {{flagicon|Burundi}} [[Burundi]]
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 27,830
|{{flagicon|Burundi}}[[Burundi]]||27,830
| style="text-align:right;"| 8,988,091<ref name="uscen">{{Cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/ipc/idbrank.pl |title=USCensusBureau:Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2009 |access-date=2011-05-12 |archive-date=2013-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013230812/http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/ipc/idbrank.pl |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| 8,988,091<ref name="uscen2">{{Cite web|title=USCensusBureau:Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2009|url=http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/ipc/idbrank.pl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013230812/http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/ipc/idbrank.pl|archive-date=2013-10-13|dead-url=yes|access-date=2011-05-12}}</ref>
| style="text-align:right;"| 322.9
| style="text-align:right" |
| [[Bujumbura]]
322.9
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Bujumbura]]
|-
| {{flagicon|Comoros}} [[Komoro]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,170
| style="text-align:right;"| 752,438<ref name="uscen">{{Cite web|title=USCensusBureau:Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2009|url=http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/ipc/idbrank.pl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013230812/http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/ipc/idbrank.pl|archive-date=2013-10-13|dead-url=yes|access-date=2011-05-12}}</ref>
| style="text-align:right;"| 752,438<ref name="uscen"/>
| style="text-align:right;"| 346.7
| [[Moroni, Comoros|Moroni]]
|-
| {{flagicon|Djibouti}} [[DjiboutiJibuti]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 23,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 516,055<ref name="uscen"/>
Baris 311 ⟶ 110:
| [[Asmara]]
|-
| {{flagicon|Ethiopia}} [[EthiopiaEtiopia]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,127,127
| style="text-align:right;"| 85,237,338<ref name="uscen"/>
Baris 341 ⟶ 140:
| [[Port Louis]]
|-
| {{flagicon|MayottePrancis}} [[Mayotte]] (Prancis)
| style="text-align:right;"| 374
| style="text-align:right;"| 223,765<ref name="uscen"/>
Baris 353 ⟶ 152:
| [[Maputo]]
|-
| {{flagicon|Prancis}} [[Réunion]] (Prancis)
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,512
| style="text-align:right;"| 743,981(2002)
Baris 421 ⟶ 220:
| [[N'Djamena]]
|-
| {{flagicon|Republic of the Congo}} [[Republik Kongo]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 342,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 4,012,809<ref name="uscen"/>
Baris 453 ⟶ 252:
|colspan=5 style="background:#eee;" align="center"| '''[[Afrika Utara]]'''
|-
| {{flagicon|AlgeriaAljazair}} [[AlgeriaAljazair]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,381,740
| style="text-align:right;"| 34,178,188<ref name="uscen"/>
Baris 459 ⟶ 258:
| [[Algiers]]
|-
| {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Mesir]]<ref>[[Egypt]] is generally considered a [[transcontinentalTranscontinental nation|transcontinental country]] in Northern Africa (UN region) and Western Asia; population and area figures are for African portion only, west of the [[Suez Canal]].</small><br /></ref>
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,001,450
| style="text-align:right;"| 83,082,869<ref name="uscen"/> total, Asia 1.4m
| style="text-align:right;"| 82.9
| [[CairoKairo]]
|-
| {{flagicon|Libya}} [[Libya]]
Baris 471 ⟶ 270:
| [[Tripoli]]
|-
| {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[MorokoMaroko]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 446,550
| style="text-align:right;"| 34,859,364<ref name="uscen"/>
Baris 495 ⟶ 294:
| [[Tunis]]
|-
| {{flagicon|Western Sahara}} [[SaharaArab BaratSahrawi]]<ref name="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">The [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] is recognized as a sovereign state by the [[African Union]], however, [[Morocco]] claims the entirety of the country as Morocco's own [[Southern Provinces]], and has occupied most of its territory since it declared its independence from Spain in 1976. Morocco's occupation and annexation of this territory has not been recognized internationally.</small><br /></ref>
| style="text-align:right;"| 266,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 405,210<ref name="uscen"/>
Baris 503 ⟶ 302:
| colspan=5 | ''Teritori Spanyol dan Portugal di Afrika Utara''
|-
| {{flagicon|Canary IslandsSpanyol}} [[Kepulauan CanaryCanaria]] (Spanyol)<ref>The Spanish [[Canary Islands]], of which [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] are [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] are co-capitals, are often considered part of Northern Africa due to their relative proximity to [[Morocco]] and [[Western Sahara]]; population and area figures are for 2001.<br /></ref>
| style="text-align:right;"| 7,492
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,694,477(2001)
Baris 509 ⟶ 308:
| [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]],<br />[[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]]
|-
| {{flagicon|CeutaSpanyol}} [[Ceuta]] (Spanyol)<ref>The Spanish [[exclave]] of [[Ceuta]] is surrounded on land by Morocco in Northern Africa; population and area figures are for 2001.<br /></ref>
| style="text-align:right;"| 20
| style="text-align:right;"| 71,505(2001)
Baris 515 ⟶ 314:
| —
|-
| {{flagicon|MadeiraPortugal}} [[Kepulauan Madeira]] (Portugal)<ref>The Portuguese [[Madeira Islands]] are often considered part of Northern Africa due to their relative proximity to Morocco; population and area figures are for 2001.<br /></ref>
| style="text-align:right;"| 797
| style="text-align:right;"| 245,000(2001)
Baris 521 ⟶ 320:
| [[Funchal]]
|-
| {{flagicon|MelillaSpanyol}} [[Melilla]] (Spanyol)<ref>The Spanish [[exclave]] of [[Melilla]] is surrounded on land by Morocco in Northern Africa; population and area figures are for 2001.<br /></ref>
| style="text-align:right;"| 12
| style="text-align:right;"| 66,411(2001)
Baris 646 ⟶ 445:
| [[Abuja]]
|-
| {{flagicon|SaintBritania Helena, Ascension and Tristan da CunhaRaya}} [[Saint Helena, Ascension, dan Tristan da Cunha|Saint Helena]] (Britania Raya)
| style="text-align:right;"| 410
| style="text-align:right;"| 7,637<ref name="uscen"/>
Baris 675 ⟶ 474:
| style="text-align:right; background:#eee;"| 33.0
|}
 
 
== Ekonomi ==
Baris 752 ⟶ 552:
 
Modern Africa
Most western countries place limitations on aid to African nations, especially the United States. These limitations are often used to control the governments of these African nations; as a result, these nations are turning to non-traditional sources of financial aid. China has increasingly provided financial aid to Africa in order to secure contracts on natural resources, such as oil, gold, and diamonds. There usually is no political prescription. Countries the Chinese are investing in include: Central African Republic (plantations), Nigeria (oil & gas), Sierra Leone (tourism), Gabon (oil), Congo-Brazzaville (oil & wood-industry), Congo (copper & cobalt), Angola ( railroad-system), Libya (oil), Sudan (oil), Uganda (coffee & fishing-industry), Kenya (communications-network), Rwanda (public works), Burundi ( Nickel), Zimbabwe (infrastructure), South Africa (coal & gold).
 
Demographics
Baris 821 ⟶ 621:
 
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Kategori:Afrika| ]]
[[Kategori:Benua]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Afrika"