Biduri laut: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Akuamarin''' atau '''Biduri laut''' adalah jenis [[Beril|beryl]] berwarna biru pucat hingga hijau muda. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Manutchehr-Danai|first=Mohsen|date=2013-03-09|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2UX1CAAAQBAJ&q=Aquamarine+gem&pg=PA24|title=Dictionary of Gems and Gemology|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]|isbn=978-3-662-04288-5|pages=24|language=en}}</ref> Warna biduri laut dapat diubah oleh panas (meskipun praktik ini tidak disukai oleh para kolektor). <ref name=":Wenk2">{{Cite book|last=Wenk|first=Hans-Rudolf|last2=Bulakh|first2=Andrei|date=April 2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mjIji8x-N1MC&q=aquamarine+mineral&pg=PA542|title=Minerals: Their Constitution and Origin|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-52958-7|page=542|language=en}}</ref>

Biduri laut memiliki [[komposisi kimia]] sebesar{{Chem2|Be3Al2Si6O18}}, <ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=Aquamarine: the blue gemstone and March birthstone|url=https://geology.com/gemstones/aquamarine|publisher=geology.com|access-date=2021-08-18}}</ref> juga mengandung Fe ²⁺ . <ref>{{Cite book|last=Perkins|first=Dexter|last2=Henke|first2=Kevin R.|last3=Simon|first3=Adam C.|last4=Yarbrough|first4=Lance D.|date=2019-07-24|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eTSoDwAAQBAJ&q=aquamarine+mineral&pg=PA82|title=Earth Materials: Components of a Diverse Planet|publisher=[[CRC Press]]|isbn=978-0-429-59119-8|pages=82|language=en}}</ref> Ia memiliki kekerasan 7,5–8 pada [[skala Mohs]] . <ref>{{Cite book|last=Jones|first=Cindy|date=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=12u5FkbIUdMC&q=Aquamarine+geology&pg=PA16|title=Geology|publisher=[[Broadside Lotus Press|Lotus Press]]|isbn=978-81-89093-35-8|pages=16–17|language=en}}</ref> Meskipun biduri laut sering kali tidak mengandung [[Inklusi (mineral)|inklusi]], <ref name=":12">{{Cite book|last=Grande|first=Lance|last2=Augustyn|first2=Allison|date=2009-11-15|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RnE9Fa4pbn0C&q=aquamarine|title=Gems and Gemstones: Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|isbn=978-0-226-30511-0|pages=125|language=en}}</ref> biduri laut dapat memiliki inklusi, baik terlihat atau tidak, terdiri dari kandungan seperti [[Mika|abrak,]][[Hematit|badar besi]], atau [[Air laut|air asin]] . <ref name=":22">{{Cite web|title=Aquamarine {{!}} Birthstones {{!}} Gems {{!}} Geology & Soils {{!}} Online Resources {{!}} School of Natural Resources|url=https://snr.unl.edu/data/geologysoils/birthstones/aquamarine.aspx|website=snr.unl.edu|publisher=[[University of Nebraska–Lincol]]|access-date=2021-08-30}}</ref>

Biduri laut dalah [[batu permata]] yang umum. <ref name=":42">{{Cite book|last=Oldershaw|first=Cally|date=2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wm_X_LzoN-cC&q=Aquamarine+Brazil&pg=PA124|title=Firefly Guide to Gems|publisher=Firefly Books|isbn=978-1-55297-814-6|pages=124|language=en}}</ref> Namun, ada varian biru tua yang lebih langka yang disebut '''maxixe''', <ref name=":13">{{Cite book|last=Grande|first=Lance|last2=Augustyn|first2=Allison|date=2009-11-15|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RnE9Fa4pbn0C&q=aquamarine|title=Gems and Gemstones: Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|isbn=978-0-226-30511-0|pages=125|language=en}}</ref> namun warnanya bisa memudar karena sinar matahari. <ref name="Schumann 2006 1102">{{Cite book|last=Schumann|first=Walter|date=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXCzger619QC&q=aquamarine+streak&pg=PA32|title=Gemstones of the World|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.|isbn=978-1-4027-4016-9|pages=110|language=en}}</ref> Warna maxixe disebabkan oleh NO ₃ . <ref>{{Cite book|last=Manutchehr-Danai|first=Mohsen|date=2013-03-09|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2UX1CAAAQBAJ&q=Maxixe+gem&pg=PA307|title=Dictionary of Gems and Gemology|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-662-04288-5|pages=307|language=en}}</ref> Warna maxixe biru tua dapat dihasilkan dari beryl hijau, merah muda atau kuning dengan menyinarinya dengan radiasi energi tinggi ( [[Sinar gama|sinar gamma]], [[neutron]] atau bahkan [[sinar-X]] ). <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nassau, K.|year=1976|title=The deep blue Maxixe-type color center in beryl|url=http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM61/AM61_100.pdf|journal=[[American Mineralogist]]|volume=61|page=100|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626224458/http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM61/AM61_100.pdf|archive-date=2011-06-26|url-status=live}}</ref>