Tarif listrik: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k ~cite
 
(7 revisi perantara oleh 2 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 5:
Juga karena kerumitan dari proses pembangkitan listrik, biaya untuk memasok listrik bervariasi dari menit ke menit. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Factors Affecting Electricity Prices – Energy Explained, Your Guide To Understanding Energy – Energy Information Administration|url=https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=electricity_factors_affecting_prices|website=www.eia.gov|access-date=3 May 2018}}</ref>
 
Beberapa perusahaan utilitas pembangkit dan penyaluran listrik adalah entitas [[Perusahaan laba|yang mengincar laba]] dan harganya termasuk pengembalian finansial bagi pemilik dan investor. Perusahaan utilitas ini dapat menggunakan kekuatan politik mereka dalam rezim hukum dan peraturan yang ada untuk menjamin keuntungan finansial dan mengurangi persaingan dari sumber lain seperti dengan cara [[Pembangkitan terdistribusi|generasi terdistribusi]]. <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Prehoda|first=Emily|last2=Pearce|first2=Joshua|last3=Schelly|first3=Chelsea|year=2019|title=Policies to Overcome Barriers for Renewable Energy Distributed Generation: A Case Study of Utility Structure and Regulatory Regimes in Michigan|url=https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1181&context=social-sciences-fp|journal=Energies|volume=12|issue=4|pages=674|doi=10.3390/en12040674}}</ref>{{Excerpt|Electricity price forecasting}}
 
== Harga listrik di seluruh dunia ==
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"|
|-
!nowrap|'''Negara/Wilayah'''
!nowrap|'''US$/kWh'''
!nowrap|'''Tanggal'''
!nowrap|'''Sumber'''
|-
|[[Lebanon]]
|0.0021
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/lebanon/electric-prices | title=Lebanon Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Libya]]
|0.0041
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/libya/electric-prices | title=Libya Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Zimbabwe]]
|0.0051
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/zimbabwe/electric-prices | title=Zimbabwe Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Iran]]
|0.0051
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/iran/electric-prices | title=Iran Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Ethiopia]]
|0.0061
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/ethiopia/electric-prices | title=Ethiopia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Sudan]]
|0.0091
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/sudan/electric-prices | title=Sudan Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Suriname]]
|0.0101
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/suriname/electric-prices | title=Suriname Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Kyrgyzstan]]
|0.0101
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/kyrgyzstan/electric-prices | title=Kyrgyzstan Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Iraq]]
|0.0131
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/iraq/electric-prices | title=Iraq Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Syria]]
|0.0141
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/syria/electric-prices | title=Syria Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Bhutan]]
|0.0151
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/bhutan/electric-prices | title=Bhutan Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Angola]]
|0.0231
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/angola/electric-prices | title=Angola Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Uzbekistan]]
|0.0261
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/uzbekistan/electric-prices | title=Uzbekistan Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Oman]]
|0.0261
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/oman/electric-prices | title=Oman Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Egypt]]
|0.0271
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/egypt/electric-prices | title=Egypt Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Zambia]]
|0.0281
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/zambia/electric-prices | title=Zambia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Kuwait]]
|0.0291
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/kuwait/electric-prices | title=Kuwait Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Ghana]]
|0.0291
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/ghana/electric-prices | title=Ghana Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Myanmar]]
|0.0291
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/burma-myanmar/electric-prices | title=Burma Myanmar Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Cuba]]
|0.0301
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/cuba/electric-prices | title=Cuba Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Qatar]]
|0.0321
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/qatar/electric-prices | title=Qatar Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Argentina]]
|0.0331
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/argentina/electric-prices | title=Argentina Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Laos]]
|0.0351
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/laos/electric-prices | title=Laos Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Pakistan]]
|0.0371
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/pakistan/electric-prices | title=Pakistan Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Algeria]]
|0.0391
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/algeria/electric-prices | title=Algeria Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Ukraine]]
|0.0391
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/ukraine/electric-prices | title=Ukraine Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Sri Lanka]]
|0.0411
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/sri-lanka/electric-prices | title=Sri Lanka Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Afghanistan]]
|0.0421
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/afghanistan/electric-prices | title=Afghanistan Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Nepal]]
|0.0441
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/nepal/electric-prices | title=Nepal Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Kazakhstan]]
|0.0451
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/kazakhstan/electric-prices | title=Kazakhstan Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Azerbaijan]]
|0.0471
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/azerbaijan/electric-prices | title=Azerbaijan Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Bahrain]]
|0.0481
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/bahrain/electric-prices | title=Bahrain Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Saudi Arabia]]
|0.0481
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/saudi-arabia/electric-prices | title=Saudi Arabia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Malaysia]]
|0.0491
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/malaysia/electric-prices | title=Malaysia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Nigeria]]
|0.0491
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/nigeria/electric-prices | title=Nigeria Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Trinidad And Tobago]]
|0.0521
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/trinidad-and-tobago/electric-prices | title=Trinidad And Tobago Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Bangladesh]]
|0.0541
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/bangladesh/electric-prices | title=Bangladesh Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Paraguay]]
|0.0551
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/paraguay/electric-prices | title=Paraguay Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Russia]]
|0.0641
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/russia/electric-prices | title=Russia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Tunisia]]
|0.0671
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/tunisia/electric-prices | title=Tunisia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[India]]
|0.0731
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/india/electric-prices | title=India Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
|0.0761
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/georgia/electric-prices | title=Georgia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Turkey]]
|0.0771
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/turkey/electric-prices | title=Turkey Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[China]]
|0.0791
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/china/electric-prices | title=China Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Vietnam]]
|0.0791
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/vietnam/electric-prices | title=Vietnam Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Democratic Republic Of The Congo]]
|0.0811
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/electric-prices | title=Democratic Republic Of The Congo Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[United Arab Emirates]]
|0.0811
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/united-arab-emirates/electric-prices | title=United Arab Emirates Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Cameroon]]
|0.0811
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/cameroon/electric-prices | title=Cameroon Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Sierra Leone]]
|0.0821
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/sierra-leone/electric-prices | title=Sierra Leone Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Belarus]]
|0.0921
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/belarus/electric-prices | title=Belarus Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Serbia]]
|0.0921
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/serbia/electric-prices | title=Serbia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Lesotho]]
|0.0921
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/lesotho/electric-prices | title=Lesotho Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Taiwan]]
|0.0921
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/taiwan/electric-prices | title=Taiwan Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[South Korea]]
|0.0931
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/south-korea/electric-prices | title=South Korea Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Swaziland]]
|0.0951
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/swaziland/electric-prices | title=Swaziland Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Indonesia]]
|0.0951
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/indonesia/electric-prices | title=Indonesia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Botswana]]
|0.0951
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/botswana/electric-prices | title=Botswana Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Ecuador]]
|0.0961
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/ecuador/electric-prices | title=Ecuador Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Bosnia And Herzegovina]]
|0.0961
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/bosnia-and-herzegovina/electric-prices | title=Bosnia And Herzegovina Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Mexico]]
|0.0971
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/mexico/electric-prices | title=Mexico Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Tanzania]]
|0.0981
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/tanzania/electric-prices | title=Tanzania Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Jordan]]
|0.1001
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/jordan/electric-prices | title=Jordan Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[North Macedonia|Macedonia]]
|0.1011
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/macedonia/electric-prices | title=Macedonia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Armenia]]
|0.1031
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/armenia/electric-prices | title=Armenia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Albania]]
|0.1051
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/albania/electric-prices | title=Albania Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Hungary]]
|0.1051
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/hungary/electric-prices | title=Hungary Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Malawi]]
|0.1091
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/malawi/electric-prices | title=Malawi Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Thailand]]
|0.1121
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/thailand/electric-prices | title=Thailand Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Canada]]
|0.1121
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/canada/electric-prices | title=Canada Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Morocco]]
|0.1131
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/morocco/electric-prices | title=Morocco Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Moldova]]
|0.1151
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/moldova/electric-prices | title=Moldova Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Ivory Coast]]
|0.1171
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/ivory-coast/electric-prices | title=Ivory Coast Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Dominican Republic]]
|0.1231
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/dominican-republic/electric-prices | title=Dominican Republic Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Mozambique]]
|0.1271
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/mozambique/electric-prices | title=Mozambique Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Bulgaria]]
|0.1301
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/bulgaria/electric-prices | title=Bulgaria Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Mauritius]]
|0.1311
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/mauritius/electric-prices | title=Mauritius Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Norway]]
|0.1331
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/norway/electric-prices | title=Norway Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Namibia]]
|0.1351
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/namibia/electric-prices | title=Namibia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Madagascar]]
|0.1361
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/madagascar/electric-prices | title=Madagascar Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Colombia]]
|0.1371
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/colombia/electric-prices | title=Colombia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Iceland]]
|0.1371
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/iceland/electric-prices | title=Iceland Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Malta]]
|0.1421
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/malta/electric-prices | title=Malta Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Maldives]]
|0.1431
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/maldives/electric-prices | title=Maldives Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Cambodia]]
|0.1501
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/cambodia/electric-prices | title=Cambodia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Macao]]
|0.1511
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/macao/electric-prices | title=Macao Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[South Africa]]
|0.1511
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/south-africa/electric-prices | title=South Africa Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Costa Rica]]
|0.1551
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/costa-rica/electric-prices | title=Costa Rica Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Israel]]
|0.1591
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/israel/electric-prices | title=Israel Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Uganda]]
|0.1631
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/uganda/electric-prices | title=Uganda Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Hong Kong]]
|0.1631
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/hong-kong/electric-prices | title=Hong Kong Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Senegal]]
|0.1671
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/senegal/electric-prices | title=Senegal Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Romania]]
|0.1721
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/romania/electric-prices | title=Romania Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Kenya]]
|0.1721
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/kenya/electric-prices | title=Kenya Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Venezuela]]
|0.1731
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/venezuela/electric-prices | title=Venezuela Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Chile]]
|0.1731
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/chile/electric-prices | title=Chile Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Nicaragua]]
|0.1731
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/nicaragua/electric-prices | title=Nicaragua Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[USA]]
|0.1751
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/usa/electric-prices | title=Usa Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Panama]]
|0.1761
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/panama/electric-prices | title=Panama Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Poland]]
|0.1781
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/poland/electric-prices | title=Poland Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Philippines]]
|0.1841
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/philippines/electric-prices | title=Philippines Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Aruba]]
|0.1851
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/aruba/electric-prices | title=Aruba Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Togo]]
|0.1871
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/togo/electric-prices | title=Togo Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[New Zealand]]
|0.1881
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/new-zealand/electric-prices | title=New Zealand Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Brazil]]
|0.1971
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/brazil/electric-prices | title=Brazil Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Greece]]
|0.1981
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/greece/electric-prices | title=Greece Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Gabon]]
|0.1991
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/gabon/electric-prices | title=Gabon Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Slovakia]]
|0.1991
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/slovakia/electric-prices | title=Slovakia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Burkina Faso]]
|0.2001
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/burkina-faso/electric-prices | title=Burkina Faso Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Mali]]
|0.2121
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/mali/electric-prices | title=Mali Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[France]]
|0.2141
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/france/electric-prices | title=France Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Australia]]
|0.2151
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/australia/electric-prices | title=Australia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Belize]]
|0.2171
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/belize/electric-prices | title=Belize Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Singapore]]
|0.2221
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/singapore/electric-prices | title=Singapore Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Peru]]
|0.2251
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/peru/electric-prices | title=Peru Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Switzerland]]
|0.2291
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/switzerland/electric-prices | title=Switzerland Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Honduras]]
|0.2311
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/honduras/electric-prices | title=Honduras Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Finland]]
|0.2351
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/finland/electric-prices | title=Finland Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Rwanda]]
|0.2361
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/rwanda/electric-prices | title=Rwanda Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Luxembourg]]
|0.2391
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/luxembourg/electric-prices | title=Luxembourg Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Uruguay]]
|0.2431
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/uruguay/electric-prices | title=Uruguay Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[El Salvador]]
|0.2441
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/el-salvador/electric-prices | title=El Salvador Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Japan]]
|0.2461
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/japan/electric-prices | title=Japan Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Bahamas]]
|0.2621
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/bahamas/electric-prices | title=Bahamas Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Portugal]]
|0.2661
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/portugal/electric-prices | title=Portugal Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Slovenia]]
|0.2681
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/slovenia/electric-prices | title=Slovenia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Cyprus]]
|0.2701
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/cyprus/electric-prices | title=Cyprus Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Guatemala]]
|0.2711
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/guatemala/electric-prices | title=Guatemala Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Liechtenstein]]
|0.2731
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/liechtenstein/electric-prices | title=Liechtenstein Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Sweden]]
|0.2871
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/sweden/electric-prices | title=Sweden Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Latvia]]
|0.2951
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/latvia/electric-prices | title=Latvia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Cape Verde]]
|0.3041
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/cape-verde/electric-prices | title=Cape Verde Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Estonia]]
|0.3191
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/estonia/electric-prices | title=Estonia Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Barbados]]
|0.3301
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/barbados/electric-prices | title=Barbados Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Jamaica]]
|0.3301
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/jamaica/electric-prices | title=Jamaica Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Ireland]]
|0.3301
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/ireland/electric-prices | title=Ireland Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Netherlands]]
|0.3411
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/netherlands/electric-prices | title=Netherlands Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Lithuania]]
|0.3601
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/lithuania/electric-prices | title=Lithuania Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Czech Republic]]
|0.3651
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/czech-republic/electric-prices | title=Czech Republic Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Cayman Islands]]
|0.3661
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/cayman-islands/electric-prices | title=Cayman Islands Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Spain]]
|0.3661
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/spain/electric-prices | title=Spain Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Bermuda]]
|0.3951
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/bermuda/electric-prices | title=Bermuda Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Belgium]]
|0.4441
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/belgium/electric-prices | title=Belgium Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Italy]]
|0.4611
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/italy/electric-prices | title=Italy Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Austria]]
|0.4621
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/austria/electric-prices | title=Austria Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[United Kingdom]]
|0.4711
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/united-kingdom/electric-prices | title=United Kingdom Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Germany]]
|0.5201
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/germany/electric-prices | title=Germany Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|-
|[[Denmark]]
|0.5291
|{{dts|09-03-2023|format=dmy|abbr=on}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://globalprices.net/denmark/electric-prices | title=Denmark Electricity Prices }}</ref>
|}
 
== Struktur tarif ==
 
 
Dimasukkannya [[Pembangkitan terdistribusi|pembangkit terdistribusi]] energi terbarukan (DG) dan [[Infrastruktur pengukuran lanjutan|infrastruktur pencatat tingkat lanjut]] (smart meter) dalam jaringan listrik modern telah memperkenalkan banyak struktur tarif alternatif. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zheng|first=Junjie|last2=Lai|first2=Chun Sing|last3=Yuan|first3=Haoliang|last4=Dong|first4=Zhao Yang|last5=Meng|first5=Ke|last6=Lai|first6=Loi Lei|date=July 2020|title=Electricity plan recommender system with electrical instruction-based recovery|url=http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/20879|journal=Energy|volume=203|pages=117775|doi=10.1016/j.energy.2020.117775}}</ref> Ada beberapa metode utilitas modern menyusun tarif tingkat rumah tangga:
 
* '''Sederhana (atau tetap)''' – tarif di mana pelanggan membayar tarif tetap per kWh
* '''Berjenjang (atau bertahap)''' – perubahan tarif dengan jumlah penggunaan (beberapa naik untuk mendorong penghematan energi, yang lain turun untuk mendorong penggunaan dan keuntungan penyedia listrik)
* '''Time of use (TOU)''' – tarif berbeda tergantung waktu
* '''Tingkat permintaan''' – berdasarkan permintaan[[beban listrik puncak untuk listrik]] yang digunakan konsumen
* '''Berjenjang dalam TOU''' – tarif berbeda tergantung pada seberapa banyak yang mereka gunakan pada waktu tertentu dalam sehari
* '''Tarif musiman''' – dikenakan biaya untuk mereka yang tidak menggunakan fasilitas mereka sepanjang tahun (misalnya rumah singgah)
* '''Tarif akhir pekan/hari libur''' – tarif umumnya berbeda dari pada waktu normal. di antara beberapa struktur tarif rumah tangga yang ditawarkan oleh utilitas modern.
 
Tarif sederhana membebankan sejumlah uang per [[Kilowatt jam|kilowatt hour]] (misal Rp/kWh) yang dikonsumsi. Tarif berjenjang adalah salah satu program tarif tingkat rumah tangga yang lebih umum. Tarif berjenjang membebankan tarif yang lebih tinggi saat penggunaan pelanggan meningkat. TOU dan tingkat permintaan disusun untuk membantu mempertahankan dan mengendalikan permintaanbeban puncak utilitas.dari [[sistem tenaga listrik]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Torriti|first=Jacopo|title=Appraising the Economics of Smart Meters|url=https://www.routledge.com/Appraising-the-Economics-of-Smart-Meters-Costs-and-Benefits/Torriti/p/book/9780367203368}}</ref> Konsep intinya adalah untuk mencegah pelanggan mengonsumsi daya listrik pada waktu [[beban puncak]] dengan membebankan lebih banyak uang kepada mereka untuk menggunakan daya pada masa beban puncak itu. Secara historis, tarif pada malam hari sangat minim karena puncaknya terjadi pada siang hari ketika semua sektor menggunakan listrik. Permintaan yang meningkat membutuhkan pembangkitan energi tambahan, yang secara tradisional disediakan oleh [[pembangkit "masalistrik pemikul beban puncak"]] yang biasanya berbahan bakar fosil dan kurang efisien yang membutuhkan biaya lebih besar untuk menghasilkan listrik daripada pembangkit "listrik pemikul beban dasar". <ref>{{Cite web|last=Fetchen|first=Stephanie|date=12 September 2019|title=Growing Renewable Generation Causing Changes In Generation Charges|url=http://rateacuity.com/growing-renewable-generation-causing-changes-in-generation-charges/|website=RateAcuity|access-date=15 October 2019}}</ref> Namun, karena saat ini terjadi penetrasi yang lebih besar dari sumber energi terbarukan, seperti tenaga surya, berada di jaringan dengan biaya lebih rendah, pembangkitan listrik puncak di saat siang hari dialihkan saat [[PLTS]] menghasilkan energi paling banyak.
 
Sebuah studi Oktober 2018 oleh pemasok energi Inggris, Octopus Energy, menunjukkan manfaat tarif waktu penggunaan (TOU) khususnya, dengan pelanggan pada model harga Agile didapati telah menggeser konsumsi listrik dari periode puncak sebesar 28%, membantu konsumen menghemat £188 per tahun dibandingkan dengan tarif variabel standar. <ref>{{Cite web|date=31 October 2018|title=Smart time-of-use tariff shows "significant impact" on energy consumption behaviour|url=https://www.sms-plc.com/insights/blogs-news/smart-time-of-use-tariff-shows-significant-impact-on-energy-consumption-behaviour/|website=SMS plc|access-date=20 September 2021}}</ref>
 
 
''[[Net metering]]'' adalah mekanisme penagihan lain yang mendukung pengembangan pembangkit listrik terbarukan, khususnya [[tenaga surya]]. Mekanisme ini memberi kredit kepada pemilik sistem energi surya untuk listrik yang ditambahkan sistem mereka ke jaringan. Pelanggan tingkat rumah tangga dengan sistem [[fotovoltaik]] (PV) atap biasanya akan menghasilkan lebih banyak listrik daripada yang dikonsumsi rumah mereka pada siang hari, jadi pengukuran ''net metering'' sangat menguntungkan. Selama ini di mana pembangkitan lebih besar dari konsumsi, meteran listrik rumah akan berjalan mundur untuk memberikan kredit pada tagihan listrik pemilik rumah. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Net Metering {{!}} SEIA|url=https://www.seia.org/initiatives/net-metering|website=SEIA|language=en|access-date=3 May 2018}}</ref> Nilai [[Tenaga surya|listrik tenaga surya]] lebih kecil dari tarif eceran, jadi pelanggan ''net metering'' sebenarnya disubsidi oleh semua pelanggan utilitas listrik lainnya. <ref>Rethinking The rationale for Net Metering: Quantifying subsidy from non-solar to solar customers. Alexander, Brown, and Faruqui. http://ipu.msu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Rethinking-Rationale-for-Net-Metering-2016.pdf</ref>
 
== Perbandingan harga berdasarkan sumber listrik ==
{{Excerpt|Electricity price forecasting}}Campuran sumber pembangkit dari utilitas tertentu akan memiliki pengaruh besar pada harga listriknya. Utilitas listrik yang memiliki persentase pembangkit listrik tenaga air yang tinggi akan cenderung memiliki harga yang lebih rendah, sedangkan pembangkit listrik berbahan bakar batu bara yang lebih tua dalam jumlah besar akan memiliki harga listrik yang lebih tinggi. Baru-baru ini LCOE teknologi fotovoltaik surya <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Branker|first=K.|last2=Pathak|first2=M.J.M.|last3=Pearce|first3=J.M.|year=2011|title=A review of solar photovoltaic levelized cost of electricity|url=https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028&context=materials_fp|journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews|volume=15|issue=9|pages=4470–4482|doi=10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.104}}</ref> telah turun secara substansial. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lai|first=Chun Sing|last2=McCulloch|first2=Malcolm D.|year=2017|title=Levelized cost of electricity for solar photovoltaic and electrical energy storage|url=http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/22670|journal=Applied Energy|volume=190|pages=191–203|doi=10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.153}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kang|first=Moon Hee|last2=Rohatgi|first2=Ajeet|year=2016|title=Quantitative analysis of the levelized cost of electricity of commercial scale photovoltaics systems in the US|journal=Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells|volume=154|pages=71–77|doi=10.1016/j.solmat.2016.04.046}}</ref> Di Amerika Serikat, 70% pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara saat ini beroperasi dengan biaya lebih tinggi daripada teknologi energi baru terbarukan (tidak termasuk air) dan pada tahun 2030 semuanya akan tidak ''economical''. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=30 November 2018|title=42% of global coal power plants run at a loss, finds world-first study|url=https://www.carbontracker.org/42-of-global-coal-power-plants-run-at-a-loss-finds-world-first-study/|website=Carbon Tracker Initiative|language=en-US|access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> Di seluruh dunia, 42% pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara beroperasi dengan kerugian pada tahun 2019. <ref name=":4" />
 
== Lihat pula ==
*
* [[Meteran listrik]]
* [[Tarif dasar listrik di Indonesia]]
Baris 38 ⟶ 781:
 
== Referensi ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
[[Kategori:Harga|listrik]]
[[Kategori:Ekonomika kelistrikan]]