Serangan Taliban 2021: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox military conflict
| partof = [[Perang di Afganistan (
| image = 2021 Taliban Offensive.png
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Peta Afganistan ini menampilkan wilayah serangan Taliban di akhir serangan pada 15 Agustus 2021.<br>(Lihat [[Templat:Taliban insurgency detailed map|peta terperinci]] mengenai situasi militer terkini di Afganistan.)
| date = 1 Mei 2021 –
| place = [[
| territory = *Taliban merebut
* Taliban merebut 33 dari 34 ibu kota [[Provinsi di Afganistan|provinsi]] di Afganistan<ref name="pc14">{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=13 August 2021 |title=After lengthy siege, Lashkar Gah is taken by the Taliban |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/after-lengthy-siege-lashkar-gah-is-taken-by-the-taliban.php |url-status=live |access-date=13 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813112438/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/after-lengthy-siege-lashkar-gah-is-taken-by-the-taliban.php |archive-date=13 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Taliban sweep across Afghanistan's south |url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-taliban-c6c8d4a41c554f36031a8131538d1402 |url-status=live |access-date=13 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813105628/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-taliban-c6c8d4a41c554f36031a8131538d1402 |archive-date=13 August 2021}}</ref>
| status =
|
* Presiden [[Ashraf Ghani]] meninggalkan Afganistan<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2021 |title=Afghan president flees the country as Taliban move on Kabul |url=https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-taliban-kabul-bagram-e1ed33fe0c665ee67ba132c51b8e32a5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815120025/https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-taliban-kabul-bagram-e1ed33fe0c665ee67ba132c51b8e32a5 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2021 |title=Afghan President Ghani leaves country – reports |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-asia-58219963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815163037/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-asia-58219963 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=BBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Afghan president Ashraf Ghani has left the country as Taliban move on Kabul |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-afghan-president-ashraf-ghani-has-left-the-country-as-taliban-move-on/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815183739/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-afghan-president-ashraf-ghani-has-left-the-country-as-taliban-move-on/ |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref>
* [[Kejatuhan Kabul (2021)|Kejatuhan Kabul ke pihak Taliban]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Seir |first=Ahmed |last2=Faeiz |first2=Rahim |last3=Akhgar |first3=Tameem |last4=Gambrell |first4=Jon |date=15 August 2021 |title=Taliban Enter Kabul, Await 'Peaceful Transfer' of Power |publisher=NBC |url=https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/national-international/taliban-fighters-enter-kabul-helicopters-land-at-us-embassy/2718840/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815183800/https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/national-international/taliban-fighters-enter-kabul-helicopters-land-at-us-embassy/2718840/ |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref>
* Taliban mendeklarasikan restorasi [[Keamiran Islam Afganistan]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mistlin |first=Joanna Walters (now); Alex |last2=Murray |first2=Jessica |last3=Sullivan (earlier) |first3=Helen |date=15 August 2021 |title=Taliban claim they will soon declare 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan' after President Ghani said to have fled – live |work=www.theguardian.com |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2021/aug/15/afghanistan-taliban-close-in-on-kabul-as-last-government-stronghold-in-north-falls |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815103044/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2021/aug/15/afghanistan-taliban-close-in-on-kabul-as-last-government-stronghold-in-north-falls |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baker |first=Sinéad |title=The Taliban have declared the 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,' the same name it used when it brutally ruled the country in the 1990s |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/taliban-declares-islamic-emirate-of-afghanistan-2021-8 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Perang di Afganistan (2001–2021)]] berakhir
* [[Perlawanan Panjshir]] dimulai<ref name="Market Research Telecast">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2021 |title=The Panjshir Valley: what is the main bastion of resistance against the Taliban advance in Afghanistan |url=https://marketresearchtelecast.com/the-panjshir-valley-what-is-the-main-bastion-of-resistance-against-the-taliban-advance-in-afghanistan/131364/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816202703/https://marketresearchtelecast.com/the-panjshir-valley-what-is-the-main-bastion-of-resistance-against-the-taliban-advance-in-afghanistan/131364/ |archive-date=16 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |publisher=Market Research Telecast}}</ref>
* [[Evakuasi dari Afganistan 2021|Evakuasi puluhan ribu warga sipil dan personel militer]]
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Taliban]]
* [[Jaringan Haqqani]]<ref name="haqqani">{{Cite news |last=Joscelyn |first=Thomas |date=25 June 2021 |title=Taliban's deputy emir issues guidance for governance in newly seized territory |work=[[FDD's Long War Journal]] |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/talibans-deputy-emir-issues-guidance-for-governance-in-newly-seized-territory.php |url-status=live |access-date=19 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719074939/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/talibans-deputy-emir-issues-guidance-for-governance-in-newly-seized-territory.php |archive-date=19 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Joscelyn |first=Thomas |date=7 June 2021 |title=U.N. report cites new intelligence on Haqqanis' close ties to al Qaeda |work=[[FDD's Long War Journal]] |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/u-n-report-cites-new-intelligence-on-haqqanis-close-ties-to-al-qaeda.php |url-status=live |access-date=19 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719075422/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/u-n-report-cites-new-intelligence-on-haqqanis-close-ties-to-al-qaeda.php |archive-date=19 July 2021}}</ref>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Al Qa'idah]]<ref name="advances">{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=12 July 2021 |title=Taliban advances as U.S.completes withdrawal |work=[[FDD's Long War Journal]] |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/07/taliban-advances-as-u-s-completes-withdrawal.php |url-status=live |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724142322/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/07/taliban-advances-as-u-s-completes-withdrawal.php |archive-date=24 July 2021}}</ref><br />'''Mendukung:'''<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Tehrik-i-Taliban.svg}} [[Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan]]<ref name="advances" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=K J M Varma |date=5 July 2021 |title=Insurgent groups against Pakistan, China step up attacks amid Taliban offensive in Afghanistan: Report |work=Yahoo |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/insurgent-groups-against-pakistan-china-120027716.html |url-status=live |access-date=18 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718174411/https://in.news.yahoo.com/insurgent-groups-against-pakistan-china-120027716.html |archive-date=18 July 2021 |quote=During the recent fighting in eastern and southern districts of Afghanistan, the Afghan Taliban has been supported by the TTP insurgents [...] According to a UN monitoring report in June, some 5,000 TTP militants are currently based in Afghanistan.}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Lashkar-e-Taiba.svg}} [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]<ref name="advances" /><br />{{flagicon image|Jaishi-e-Mohammed.svg}} [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]]<ref name="advances" /><br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.svg}} [[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]]<ref name="advances" />}}
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg}} [[Afganistan|Republik Islam Afganistan]]<br />{{flagicon|Amerika Serikat}} [[Amerika Serikat]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Seldin |first=Jeff |date=5 May 2021 |title=US Airstrikes Target Taliban as Fighting Intensifies |publisher=Voice of America |url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/us-airstrikes-target-taliban-fighting-intensifies |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708180253/https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/us-airstrikes-target-taliban-fighting-intensifies |archive-date=8 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 2021 |title=US air force targets Taliban position in northern Afghanistan, media reports |publisher=Afghanistan Times |url=http://www.afghanistantimes.af/us-air-force-targets-taliban-position-in-northern-afghanistan-media-reports/ |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702233121/http://www.afghanistantimes.af/us-air-force-targets-taliban-position-in-northern-afghanistan-media-reports/ |archive-date=2 July 2021}}</ref>
| commander1 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} '''[[Hibatullah Akhundzada]]'''}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Abdul Ghani Baradar]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Sirajuddin Haqqani]]<ref name="haqqani" /><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Suhail Shaheen]]<ref name="AFFbios">{{Cite web |title=Database |url=http://www.afghan-bios.info/index.php?option=com_afghanbios&id=2464&task=view&total=22&start=14&Itemid=2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714092635/http://www.afghan-bios.info/index.php?option=com_afghanbios&id=2464&task=view&total=22&start=14&Itemid=2 |archive-date=14 July 2021 |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=afghan-bios.info}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Mohammad Yaqoob]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} Abdul Khaliq{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban shadow governor for Nimruz among 25 killed in Afghan forces operations in Zaranj, Taliqan |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/taliban-shadow-governor-nimruz-among-053412780.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAADPPA55mab1WKQxzz825-TWdDCs7HEOaxQdsnPxUUwlzW2YH1d7nekbu8_fdOghkNp9v4fbge-0rBu74ZqqYoJUKV5lub8H-NkLsamccfswx2rkYGo_8I5qKzdIKYVjzN2BzCVYV18NaLnXixLvKfn8GyIp-ic69ZdvXcznSAhEo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813112427/https://in.news.yahoo.com/taliban-shadow-governor-nimruz-among-053412780.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAADPPA55mab1WKQxzz825-TWdDCs7HEOaxQdsnPxUUwlzW2YH1d7nekbu8_fdOghkNp9v4fbge-0rBu74ZqqYoJUKV5lub8H-NkLsamccfswx2rkYGo_8I5qKzdIKYVjzN2BzCVYV18NaLnXixLvKfn8GyIp-ic69ZdvXcznSAhEo |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} Mawlawi Mubarak{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Key Taliban commander among 40 dead in Afghanistan |url=https://english.lokmat.com/politics/key-taliban-commander-among-40-dead-in-afghanistan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813112429/https://english.lokmat.com/politics/key-taliban-commander-among-40-dead-in-afghanistan/ |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} Qari Khalid{{KIA}}<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=17 Taliban militants killed in fresh army operation in northern Afghanistan: gov't – Xinhua | English.news.cn |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-06/22/c_1310021867.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622164313/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-06/22/c_1310021867.htm |archive-date=22 June 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=www.xinhuanet.com}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} Qari Khalil{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bakhtarnews.af/dozens-of-taliban-killed-in-balkh-operation/|title=Dozens of Taliban Killed in Balkh Operation|date=14 August 2021|website=bakhtarnews.af}}</ref>
| commander2 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg}} '''[[Ashraf Ghani]]'''}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg}} '''[[Amrullah Saleh]]'''<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg}} [[Abdullah Abdullah]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg}} [[Hamdullah Mohib]]<ref name="Mohib" /><ref name="manpower-1" /><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg}} [[Bismillah Khan Mohammadi|Bismillah Khan]]<ref name="martyrdom unit">{{Cite news |last=Joscelyn |first=Thomas |date=5 August 2021 |title=Taliban 'martyrdom' unit attacks Afghan defense minister's home in Kabul |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-martyrdom-unit-attacks-afghan-defense-ministers-home-in-kabul.php |url-status=live |access-date=4 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804173301/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-martyrdom-unit-attacks-afghan-defense-ministers-home-in-kabul.php |archive-date=4 August 2021}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg}} Hibatullah Alizai<ref name="Chief of Staff" /><br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg}} Khyal Nabi Ahmadzai{{surrender}}}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg}} [[Ahmad Massoud]]<ref name="pbs">{{Cite web |date=7 July 2021 |title=Afghan militias forced to fight Taliban blame America's 'abandonment' |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/afghan-militias-forced-to-fight-taliban-blame-americas-abandonment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725185932/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/afghan-militias-forced-to-fight-taliban-blame-americas-abandonment |archive-date=25 July 2021 |access-date=26 July 2021 |website=PBS |language=English}}</ref><br />{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg}} [[Abdul Rashid Dostam]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dipanjan Roy Chaudhury |date=13 August 2021 |title=Afghanistan: Old warhorse Rashid Dostum to lead fight against Taliban in the north |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/old-warhorse-rashid-dostum-to-lead-fight-against-taliban-in-north-afghanistan/articleshow/85291711.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813112445/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/old-warhorse-rashid-dostum-to-lead-fight-against-taliban-in-north-afghanistan/articleshow/85291711.cms |archive-date=13 August 2021 |accessdate=13 August 2021}}</ref>}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg}} [[Atta Muhammad Nur]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg}} [[Ismail Khan]]{{surrender}}<ref name="Surrender-1">{{Cite web |last=Hassan |first=Sharif |date=13 August 2021 |title=An Afghan warlord who steadfastly resisted the Taliban surrendered. Others may follow his lead. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/13/world/asia/afghanistan-mohammad-ismail-khan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813134625/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/13/world/asia/afghanistan-mohammad-ismail-khan.html |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><br />{{flagdeco|Amerika Serikat}} '''[[Joe Biden]]'''<br />{{flagdeco|Amerika Serikat}} [[Mark Milley]]<br />{{flagdeco|Amerika Serikat}} [[Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr.|Kenneth McKenzie]]<ref name="Airstrikes-1">{{Cite web |last=Horton |first=Alex |date=25 July 2021 |title=U.S. prepared to continue airstrikes against Taliban, top commander says |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/25/us-airstrikes-afghanistan-taliban-mckenzie/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726224128/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/07/25/us-airstrikes-afghanistan-taliban-mckenzie/ |archive-date=26 July 2021 |access-date=8 August 2021 |website=Washington Post}}</ref>
|
* [[Kelompok Merah|Satuan Merah]]<ref name="Kunduz, Sar-i-Pul, Taloqan">{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=8 August 2021 |title=Taliban takes control of Afghan provincial capitals of Kunduz, Sar-i-Pul and Taloqan |work=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-takes-control-of-afghan-provincial-capitals-of-kunduz-and-sar-i-pul.php |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808150434/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-takes-control-of-afghan-provincial-capitals-of-kunduz-and-sar-i-pul.php |archive-date=8 August 2021}}</ref>
* Batalyon Kemartiran<ref name="martyrdom unit" />
* [[Batalyon Badri 313]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2021 |title=Afghan Taliban Documents Training, Graduation of "313 Badri Battalion" Fighters |url=https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Multimedia/afghan-taliban-documents-training-graduation-of-313-badri-battalion-fighters.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806072949/https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Multimedia/afghan-taliban-documents-training-graduation-of-313-badri-battalion-fighters.html |archive-date=6 August 2021 |access-date=28 July 2021 |language=en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.moderatethoughts.com/taliban-badri-313-battalion/|title=Taliban Badri 313 Battalion|date=29 July 2021|access-date=29 July 2021|language=English|archive-date=2 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802095449/https://www.moderatethoughts.com/taliban-badri-313-battalion/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Milisi lokal yang membelot<ref name="Esfandiari-Ahmadi">{{Cite web |last=Esfandiari |first=Golnaz |last2=Ahmadi |first2=Mumin |date=9 July 2021 |title=Fighting The Taliban Was 'Suicide': Hundreds Of Afghan Soldiers Escape To Tajikistan |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/afghanistan-soldiers-taliban-tajikistan/31350957.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725171337/https://www.rferl.org/a/afghanistan-soldiers-taliban-tajikistan/31350957.html |archive-date=25 July 2021 |access-date=26 July 2021 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=English}}</ref><ref name="Asif Azimi">{{Cite web |last=Trofimov |first=Yaroslav |last2=Cullison |first2=Alan |last3=Amiri |first3=Ehsanullah |date=9 August 2021 |title=Taliban Make New Gains in Afghanistan, Putting Kabul in Crisis |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/taliban-make-new-gains-in-afghanistan-putting-kabul-in-crisis-11628528482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809171807/https://www.wsj.com/articles/taliban-make-new-gains-in-afghanistan-putting-kabul-in-crisis-11628528482 |archive-date=9 August 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Wall Street Journal}}</ref>
* Tentara Afganistan yang membelot<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glinski |first=Stefanie |date=24 September 2020 |title=Feeling Abandoned by Kabul, Many Rural Afghans Flock to Join the Taliban |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/24/taliban-kabul-rural-afghans-join-peace-deal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223073153/https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/24/taliban-kabul-rural-afghans-join-peace-deal/ |archive-date=23 December 2020 |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Foreign Policy |quote=In May, a retired Afghan general in the country’s western Farah province defected to the Taliban—as have army soldiers over the past years.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nossiter |first=Adam |date=31 March 2021 |title=After two decades of fighting, the Taliban believe they have won the war |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/asia-pacific/after-two-decades-of-fighting-the-taliban-believe-they-have-won-the-war-1.4525164 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422233100/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/asia-pacific/after-two-decades-of-fighting-the-taliban-believe-they-have-won-the-war-1.4525164 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref>
Kelompok militan lainnya
* [[Al Qa'idah di Subbenua India]] (AQIS)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why India must both engage the Taliban and contend with it |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/why-india-must-both-engage-the-taliban-and-contend-with-it/articleshow/83781325.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805113205/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/why-india-must-both-engage-the-taliban-and-contend-with-it/articleshow/83781325.cms |archive-date=5 August 2021 |access-date=5 August 2021 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| units2 = [[Pasukan Keamanan Nasional Afganistan]] (ANSF)
* [[Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan]]
** [[Korps Komando Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan|Komando]]
* [[Polisi Nasional Afganistan]]
* [[Angkatan Udara Afganistan]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2021 |title=Afghan Air Force Hurt by Inoperable Aircraft – Afghan Lawmakers |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2021-07-23/afghan-air-force-hurt-by-inoperable-aircraft-afghan-lawmakers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726010033/https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2021-07-23/afghan-air-force-hurt-by-inoperable-aircraft-afghan-lawmakers |archive-date=26 July 2021 |access-date=26 July 2021 |website=Washington Post}}</ref><ref name="reuters_mi17">{{Cite web |date=9 July 2021 |title=Special Report: Afghan pilots assassinated by Taliban as U.S. withdraws |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-pilots-assassinated-by-taliban-us-withdraws-2021-07-09/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711201523/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-pilots-assassinated-by-taliban-us-withdraws-2021-07-09/ |archive-date=11 July 2021 |access-date=12 July 2021 |website=Reuters}}</ref>
Milisi pendukung pemerintah<ref name="pbs" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=O’Donnell |first=Lynne |date=1 July 2021 |title=With the Militias in Afghanistan |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/07/01/afghanistan-militias-taliban-front-lines/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727082809/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/07/01/afghanistan-militias-taliban-front-lines/ |archive-date=27 July 2021 |access-date=29 July 2021 |website=[[Foreign Policy]] |publisher=[[The Slate Group]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gibbons-Neff |first=Thomas |last2=Rahim |first2=Najim |date=17 July 2021 |title=Back to Militias, the Chaotic Afghan Way of War |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/17/world/asia/afghanistan-militias-taliban.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729100137/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/17/world/asia/afghanistan-militias-taliban.html |archive-date=29 July 2021 |access-date=29 July 2021 |website=[[New York Times]] |location=[[Mazar-i-Sharif]]}}</ref>
* Sangorian [[Direktorat Keamanan Nasional]]<ref>{{Cite news |title='Sangorians' take page from insurgent playbook in fight against Taliban |work=Bangkok Post |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2134651/sangorians-take-page-from-insurgent-playbook-in-fight-against-taliban |url-status=live |access-date=13 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813112443/https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2134651/sangorians-take-page-from-insurgent-playbook-in-fight-against-taliban |archive-date=13 August 2021}}</ref>
* Pasukan perlawanan dari lapisan masyarakat<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghans chant 'Allahu Akbar' in defiant protests against Taliban |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/3/afghans-chant-allahu-akbar-in-defiant-protests-against-taliban |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803200904/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/3/afghans-chant-allahu-akbar-in-defiant-protests-against-taliban |archive-date=3 August 2021 |access-date=3 August 2021}}{{cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/asia/ordinary-afghans-join-battle-against-taliban-in-people-s-uprising-1.1248278|title=Ordinary Afghans join battle against Taliban in 'people's uprising'|access-date=24 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624150005/https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/asia/ordinary-afghans-join-battle-against-taliban-in-people-s-uprising-1.1248278|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Aktivitas CIA di Afganistan|Pasukan Pelindung Khost]] (KPF)<ref name="KPF-1">{{Cite web |date=16 August 2021 |title=Створений США спецпідрозділ здався талібам у провінції Хост |url=https://ua.interfax.com.ua/news/general/762040.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817024427/https://ua.interfax.com.ua/news/general/762040.html |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=Інтерфакс-Україна |language=uk}}</ref>
[[Angkatan Udara AS]]<ref name="wapo21">{{Cite web |date=22 July 2021 |title=US launched several airstrikes in support of Afghan forces |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/us-launched-several-airstrikes-in-support-of-afghan-forces/2021/07/22/05b1b734-eb11-11eb-a2ba-3be31d349258_story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812162124/https://www.washingtonpost.com/ |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=Washington Post}}</ref><br />[[Angkatan Laut AS]]
* [[USS Ronald Reagan]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Evans |first=Michael |last2=Tomlinson |first2=Hugh |date=2 August 2021 |title=US abandoning Afghanistan to civil war, says General David Petraeus |work=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/us-abandoning-afghanistan-to-civil-war-says-general-david-petraeus-00ftvwpt3 |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808173552/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/us-abandoning-afghanistan-to-civil-war-says-general-david-petraeus-00ftvwpt3 |archive-date=8 August 2021 |quote=America has been launching airstrikes in support of Afghan forces, using armed Reaper drones that take up to eight hours to reach a target from their base in the Gulf as well as fighter aircraft from Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, and from the carrier USS Ronald Reagan,}}</ref>
| strength1 = Taliban: {{circa}} <br />''Perkiraan Pemerintah AS'':<br />75.000<ref name="350k-2" /><br />''Laporan PBB'':<br />55.000–85.000 pejuang<ref name="UNreport" /><br />15.000 fasilitator pendukung dan nirperang<ref name="UNreport">{{Cite web |last=Seldin |first=Jeff |date=1 June 2020 |title=UN Report Shows Member States Grow Doubtful About Future of US-Taliban Deal {{!}} Voice of America – English |url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/un-report-shows-member-states-grow-doubtful-about-future-us-taliban-deal |website=www.voanews.com |language=en}}</ref><br />''Perkiraan lainnya'':<br />85.000<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Taliban explained |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/25/the-taliban-explained |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811164815/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/25/the-taliban-explained |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref>–200.000<ref name="350k">{{Cite news |date=15 August 2021 |title=The Taliban's terrifying triumph in Afghanistan |publisher=Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2021/08/15/the-talibans-terrifying-triumph-in-afghanistan |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815173110/https://www.economist.com/asia/2021/08/15/the-talibans-terrifying-triumph-in-afghanistan |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="2021number">{{Cite web |last=Shoaib |first=Alia |date=14 August 2021 |title=Why the US-trained Afghan National Army have been defeated with ease by the Taliban |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/afghan-forces-havent-been-able-to-hold-off-the-taliban-2021-8 |website=Business Insider}}</ref>
| strength2 = ANSF: {{circa}} <br />''Angka resmi Pemerintah Afganistan dan AS'':<br />300.000<ref name="direction">{{Cite news |last=Seldin |first=Jeff |date=9 August 2021 |title=US Admits Afghanistan 'Not Going in the Right Direction' |work=VOA |url=https://www.voanews.com/us-afghanistan-troop-withdrawal/us-admits-afghanistan-not-going-right-direction |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812012714/https://www.voanews.com/us-afghanistan-troop-withdrawal/us-admits-afghanistan-not-going-right-direction |archive-date=12 August 2021}}</ref>–354.000<ref name="350k-2">{{Cite web |last=Tollast |first=Robert |date=16 August 2021 |title=How Afghanistan's Army was pulled apart by corruption and backroom deals |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/asia/2021/08/16/afghan-armys-collapse-was-years-in-the-making-say-experts/ |website=The National}}</ref><ref name="350k" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohib |first=Hamdullah |date=10 April 2018 |title=Afghan Ambassador: Peace Is Now a Realistic Possibility |url=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/afghan-ambassador-peace-now-realistic-possibility-25307 |website=The National Interest |language=en}}</ref>(resmi; termasuk polisi<ref name="SoldiersFactcheck">{{Cite web |last=Dale |first=Daniel |title=Fact-checking Biden's assertion that the Afghan military was '300,000 strong' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/17/politics/fact-check-biden-afghan-military-size-forces-police/index.html |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=edition.cnn}}</ref> dan [[tentara bayangan]])<br />''Perkiraan lainnya'':<br />150.000–200.000 tentara tempur, termasuk tentara junior dan bayangan dengan jumlah yang tidak diketahui.<ref name="SoldiersFactcheck" />
| casualties1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} '''Taliban'''<br />''Klaim Pemerintah Afganistan hingga 9 Agustus)'':<br />9.819 tewas<ref name="cast">{{Cite web |title=Press Release |url=https://mod.gov.af/en/press-release |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611055159/https://mod.gov.af/en/press-release |archive-date=11 June 2021 |access-date=9 July 2021 |website=Afghan Ministry of Defense |publisher=Afghan Ministry of Defense}}</ref><br />5.472 terluka<ref name="cast" /><br />54 ditangkap<ref name="cast" />
{{Collapsible list
| framestyle = border:none; padding:0;
| title =
| 1 =
| 2 = Beberapa tank<ref name="Losses-3" />
| 3 = Beberapa [[MRAP]]<ref name="Losses-3" />
| 4 = Beberapa [[Humvee]]<ref name="Losses-3" />
}}
| casualties2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg}} '''Afganistan'''<br />''Angka resmi Pemerintah Afganistan'':<br />Tidak diberitahukan<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cullison |first=Alan |last2=Shah |first2=Saeed |date=3 August 2021 |title=Taliban Commander Who Led Attack on Afghan City Was Released From Prison Last Year, Officials Say |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/taliban-commander-who-led-attack-on-afghan-city-was-released-from-prison-last-year-officials-say-11628010527 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810001007/https://www.wsj.com/articles/taliban-commander-who-led-attack-on-afghan-city-was-released-from-prison-last-year-officials-say-11628010527 |archive-date=10 August 2021 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=Wall Street Journal |quote=The Afghan government has stopped releasing statistics on its own military casualties to avoid demoralizing its troops.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2021 |title=The war in Afghanistan, by the numbers |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210706-the-war-in-afghanistan-by-the-numbers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810235531/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210706-the-war-in-afghanistan-by-the-numbers |archive-date=10 August 2021 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=France 24}}</ref><br />''Laporan media'':<br />1
{{Collapsible list
| framestyle = border:none; padding:0;
| title =
| 1 =
| 2 =
| 3 =
| 4 =
| 5 = Sedikitnya
| 6 =
| 7 =
| 8 = 8 senjata anti-pesawat direbut Taliban<ref name="Losses-1" /><ref name="statista21" />
| 9 = 1 [[Mil Mi-24]]V direbut Taliban<ref>{{Cite web |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=11 August 2021 |title=Taliban takes control of airport in Afghanistan's Kunduz, seizes chopper gifted by India |url=https://theprint.in/diplomacy/taliban-takes-control-of-airport-in-afghanistans-kunduz-seizes-chopper-gifted-by-india/713364/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811130928/https://theprint.in/diplomacy/taliban-takes-control-of-airport-in-afghanistans-kunduz-seizes-chopper-gifted-by-india/713364/ |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=ThePrint}}</ref>
| 10 = 4 UH-60 Black Hawk direbut Taliban<ref name="Losses-1" /><ref name="Blackhawk">{{Cite web |last=Joly |first=Josephine |last2=Sandford |first2=Alasdair |date=13 August 2021 |title=Fears for humanitarian disaster as Taliban overrun key Afghan cities |url=https://www.euronews.com/2021/08/13/taliban-s-advance-continues-as-armed-group-captures-more-vital-cities |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813230540/https://www.euronews.com/2021/08/13/taliban-s-advance-continues-as-armed-group-captures-more-vital-cities |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=euronews |language=en}}</ref>
| 11 = 9 [[Mil Mi-17]] direbut Taliban<ref name="Losses-1" />
| 12 = 2 [[McDonnell Douglas MD 500 Defender|MD 530F]] direbut Taliban<ref name="Losses-1" />
}}
| casualties3 = 1.031 [[warga sipil]] tewas<ref name="caslist" /><ref name="casun">{{
| campaignbox =
| conflict = Serangan Taliban 2021
}}
'''Serangan Taliban 2021''' adalah serangan militer yang dilakukan oleh [[Taliban]] dan kelompok militan sekutunya melawan [[Politik Afganistan|Pemerintah Afganistan]] dan sekutunya. Serangan dimulai pada 1 Mei 2021,<ref name="jul15" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 May 2021 |title=Taliban launches major Afghan offensive after deadline for U.S. pullout |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taliban-launches-huge-afghan-offensive-after-deadline-us-pullout-2021-05-04/ |url-status=live |access-date=7 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810182121/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taliban-launches-huge-afghan-offensive-after-deadline-us-pullout-2021-05-04/ |archive-date=10 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="fastadv1">{{Cite news |last=De Luce |first=Dan |last2=Yusufzai |first2=Mushtaq |last3=Smith |first3=Saphora |date=25 June 2021 |title=Even the Taliban are surprised at how fast they're advancing in Afghanistan |publisher=NBC News |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/even-taliban-are-surprised-how-fast-they-re-advancing-afghanistan-n1272236 |url-status=live |access-date=8 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707212339/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/even-taliban-are-surprised-how-fast-they-re-advancing-afghanistan-n1272236 |archive-date=7 July 2021}}</ref> bertepatan dengan masa [[Penarikan pasukan tentara Amerika Serikat dari Afganistan (2020–2021)|penarikan sebagian besar pasukan tentara Amerika Serikat dan sekutunya dari Afganistan]].<ref name="disi" /> Serangan ini berakhir dengan pengambilalihan pemerintahan Afganistan secara ''[[de facto]]'' oleh Taliban dan restorasi pemerintahan [[Keamiran Islam Afganistan]].
Dalam tiga bulan pertama serangan, Taliban membuat kemajuan signifikan dalam perebutan wilayah di daerah pedesaan, meningkatkan jumlah [[Distrik di Afganistan|distrik]] yang dikendalikannya dari 73 menjadi 223 distrik.<ref name="lwjmap" /> Pada 6 Agustus, Taliban melancarkan serangan ke beberapa [[Provinsi di Afganistan|ibu kota provinsi]] di [[Afganistan]], dengan sebagian besar kota menyerah tanpa perlawanan,<ref>{{Cite news |last=George |first=Susannah |date=16 August 2021 |title=Afghanistan's military collapse: Illicit deals and mass desertions |work=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/08/15/afghanistan-military-collapse-taliban/ |url-status=live |access-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816185519/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/08/15/afghanistan-military-collapse-taliban/ |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> dan Taliban merebut seluruh ibu kota provinsi kecuali kota [[Bazarak]] di [[Provinsi Panjshir]].<ref name="APNews">{{Cite web |date=13 August 2021 |title=Taliban sweep across Afghanistan's south, take 3 more cities |url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-taliban-c6c8d4a41c554f36031a8131538d1402 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813105628/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-taliban-c6c8d4a41c554f36031a8131538d1402 |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Akhgar |first=Tameem |last2=Faiez |first2=Rahim |last3=Krauss |first3=Joseph |date=14 August 2021 |title=Taliban capture key northern city, approach Afghan capital |work=Associated Press News |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-taliban-f600d6faf28e9c2ccb454ad176987b19 |url-status=live |access-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814185746/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-taliban-f600d6faf28e9c2ccb454ad176987b19 |archive-date=14 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban gains control of Jalalabad, one of two cities in Afghan control |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/taliban-gains-control-of-jalalabad-one-of-two-last-cities-in-afghan-control-676733 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815024827/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/taliban-gains-control-of-jalalabad-one-of-two-last-cities-in-afghan-control-676733 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Pada 15 Agustus, Presiden petahana [[Ashraf Ghani]] meninggalkan Afganistan<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2021 |title=Afghan president says he left country to avoid bloodshed |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-president-ghani-says-he-left-country-order-avoid-bloodshed-2021-08-15/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815232122/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-president-ghani-says-he-left-country-order-avoid-bloodshed-2021-08-15/ |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=16 August 2021 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> dan Taliban merebut ibu kota negara Afganistan, [[Kabul]]; dengan demikian, pemerintahan Afganistan jatuh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seir |first=Ahmed |last2=Faiez |first2=Rahim |last3=Akghar |first3=Tameem |last4=Gambrell |first4=John |date=15 August 2021 |title=Official: Taliban negotiators head to presidential palace |url=https://apnews.com/article/taliban-e1ed33fe0c665ee67ba132c51b8e32a5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815031639/https://apnews.com/article/taliban-e1ed33fe0c665ee67ba132c51b8e32a5 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=Associated Press |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref>
Pergerakan cepat Taliban dalam perebutan wilayah<ref name="fastadv1" /><ref name="65p1">{{Cite web |title=Taliban controls 65% of Afghanistan as rapid advance continues: E.U. official – National {{!}} Globalnews.ca |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8100808/taliban-afghanistan-rapid-advance-e-u-official/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811080009/https://globalnews.ca/news/8100808/taliban-afghanistan-rapid-advance-e-u-official/ |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=Global News |language=en-US}}</ref> mengejutkan banyak pemerintahan negara lain, termasuk [[Amerika Serikat]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Miller |first=Zeke |last2=Lemire |first2=Jonathan |last3=Boak |first3=Josh |date=16 August 2021 |title=Biden team surprised by rapid Taliban gains in Afghanistan |publisher=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-afghanistan-taliban-5934ef05b0094d0189b5d900d2380179 |url-status=live |access-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816144007/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-afghanistan-taliban-5934ef05b0094d0189b5d900d2380179 |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> [[Britania Raya]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Peter |date=17 August 2021 |title=No one saw this coming, Raab says of Taliban's rapid Afghan takeover |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/17/no-one-saw-this-coming-raab-taliban-rapid-afghan-takeover |url-status=live |access-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817080828/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/17/no-one-saw-this-coming-raab-taliban-rapid-afghan-takeover |archive-date=17 August 2021}}</ref> [[Jerman]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rinke |first=Andreas |date=16 August 2021 |title=World must help Afghans fleeing Taliban or risk crisis – Merkel |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/merkel-says-germany-must-focus-its-afghan-rescue-mission-2021-08-16/ |url-status=live |access-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816220349/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/merkel-says-germany-must-focus-its-afghan-rescue-mission-2021-08-16/ |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> dan [[Rusia]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=Russian envoy describes Taliban's seizure of Kabul as somewhat unexpected |publisher=TASS |url=https://tass.com/world/1326297 |url-status=live |access-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816222830/https://tass.com/world/1326297 |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> Kemenangan Taliban mendapat tanggapan beragam yang sangat luas dari dalam dan luar Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baker |first=Rodger |date=9 August 2021 |title=Challenging Our Understanding of the Taliban |publisher=Stratfor |url=https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/challenging-our-understanding-taliban |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811143233/https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/challenging-our-understanding-taliban |archive-date=11 August 2021}}</ref>
==Latar belakang==
{{Main|Perjanjian Doha (2020)}}
Pada bulan September 2020, lebih dari 5.000 anggota Taliban yang dipenjara, termasuk 400 orang di antaranya yang dituduh atau dinyatakan bersalah melakukan kejahatan kriminal berat seperti [[pembunuhan]], dibebaskan oleh Pemerintah Afganistan sebagai bagian dari [[Perjanjian Doha (2020)|Perjanjian Doha]] antara Amerika Serikat dan Taliban.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mashal |first=Mujib |last2=Faizi |first2=Fatima |date=3 September 2020 |title=Afghanistan to Release Last Taliban Prisoners, Removing Final Hurdle to Talks |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/09/world/asia/afghanistan-taliban-prisoners-peace-talks.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808093841/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/09/world/asia/afghanistan-taliban-prisoners-peace-talks.html |archive-date=8 August 2021}}</ref> Menurut Dewan Keamanan Nasional Afganistan, banyak dari tahanan yang dipenjara yang merupakan "pakar" yang kembali ke medan pertempuran dan memperkuat pihak Taliban.<ref>{{Cite news |last=George |first=Susannah |date=8 August 2021 |title='This is a big problem': The Taliban are storming prisons holding thousands of militants |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/taliban-afghanistan-prisons-militants-b1895207.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809193054/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/taliban-afghanistan-prisons-militants-b1895207.html |archive-date=9 August 2021}}</ref>
==Garis waktu==
===Pergerakan awal===
Pada bulan Mei, Taliban merebut 15 distrik dari Pemerintah Afganistan, termasuk [[Distrik Nirkh]] dan [[Distrik Jalrez]] di [[Provinsi Maidan Wardak]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=29 June 2021 |title=Taliban doubles number of controlled Afghan districts since May 1 |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/taliban-doubles-number-of-controlled-afghan-districts-since-may-1.php |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708234849/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/taliban-doubles-number-of-controlled-afghan-districts-since-may-1.php |archive-date=8 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=3 June 2021 |title=UN report on Taliban controlled and contested districts tracks with LWJ data |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/un-report-on-taliban-controlled-and-contested-districts-tracks-with-lwj-data.php |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190425/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/un-report-on-taliban-controlled-and-contested-districts-tracks-with-lwj-data.php |archive-date=9 July 2021}}{{cite news |title=Taliban seize key district outside Afghan capital |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20210512-taliban-seize-key-district-outside-afghan-capital |access-date=9 July 2021 |publisher=France24 |date=12 May 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190006/https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20210512-taliban-seize-key-district-outside-afghan-capital |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Taliban capture more districts, surround Kabul |url=https://www.globalvillagespace.com/taliban-capture-more-districts-surround-kabul/ |access-date=9 July 2021 |publisher=Global Village Space |date=22 May 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190549/https://www.globalvillagespace.com/taliban-capture-more-districts-surround-kabul/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Di antara lokasi yang direbut oleh Taliban adalah [[Bendungan Dahla]] di [[Provinsi Kandahar]], bendungan terbesar kedua di Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 May 2021 |title=Taliban captures key Afghan dam as fighting rages |publisher=Al Jazeera English |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/6/taliban-captures-key-afghan-dam-as-fighting-rages |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184549/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/6/taliban-captures-key-afghan-dam-as-fighting-rages |archive-date=9 July 2021}}</ref> Sepanjang bulan tersebut, 405 anggota pasukan [[Pasukan Keamanan Nasional Afganistan|ANSF]] dan 260 [[warga sipil]] tewas selama pertempuran melawan Taliban, sedangkan [[Kementerian Pertahanan Afganistan]] mengklaim pihaknya telah menewaskan 2.146 gerilyawan Taliban.<ref name="cast" /><ref name="caslist" />
Pada akhir bulan Mei, [[Portugal]], [[Slovenia]], [[Spanyol]], dan [[Swedia]] telah menarik seluruh pasukannya dari Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweden completes full troop withdrawal from Afghanistan |url=https://www.army-technology.com/news/sweden-full-troop-withdrawal-afghanistan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710080736/https://www.army-technology.com/news/sweden-full-troop-withdrawal-afghanistan/ |archive-date=10 July 2021 |access-date=14 July 2021 |website=www.army-technology.com |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web|date=16 May 2021|title=Spain withdraws all its troops from Afghanistan|url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/173501/Spain-withdraws-all-its-troops-from-Afghanistan|access-date=14 July 2021|website=Mehr News Agency|language=en|archive-date=14 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714200530/https://en.mehrnews.com/news/173501/Spain-withdraws-all-its-troops-from-Afghanistan|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=STA: Slovenian soldiers already pulled out of Afghanistan|url=https://english.sta.si/2903011/slovenian-soldiers-already-pulled-out-of-afghanistan|access-date=14 July 2021|website=english.sta.si|archive-date=26 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526211712/https://english.sta.si/2903011/slovenian-soldiers-already-pulled-out-of-afghanistan|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Portugal announces troop withdrawal from Afghanistan|url=https://www.kazakhstannews.net/news/268729347/portugal-announces-troop-withdrawal-from-afghanistan|access-date=14 July 2021|website=Kazakhstan News|language=en|archive-date=14 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714200540/https://www.kazakhstannews.net/news/268729347/portugal-announces-troop-withdrawal-from-afghanistan|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada bulan Juni, Taliban merebut 69 distrik dari Pemerintah Afganistan dan masuk ke kota [[Kunduz]] dan [[Pol-e Khomri]].<ref name="disi">{{Cite news |last=Robertson |first=Nic |date=24 June 2021 |title=Afghanistan is disintegrating fast as Biden's troop withdrawal continues |publisher=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/24/asia/afghanistan-taliban-offensive-intl-cmd/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190124/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/24/asia/afghanistan-taliban-offensive-intl-cmd/index.html |archive-date=9 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gibbons-Neff |first=Thomas |last2=Rahim |first2=Najim |date=8 July 2021 |title=Taliban Enter Key Cities in Afghanistan's North After Swift Offensive |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/20/world/asia/afghanistan-kunduz-taliban.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708223812/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/20/world/asia/afghanistan-kunduz-taliban.html |archive-date=8 July 2021}}{{cite news |title=Baghlan: PD2 of Pul-e-Khumri Held by Taliban, City Under Siege |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173055 |access-date=9 July 2021 |publisher=Tolo News |date=24 June 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185824/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173055 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kota [[Mazari Sharif]] dikepung Taliban.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Najafizada |first=Eltaf |date=22 June 2021 |title=Taliban Besiege Key Afghan City With U.S. Troops Set to Exit |publisher=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-22/taliban-besiege-key-afghan-city-with-u-s-troops-set-to-exit |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709193441/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-22/taliban-besiege-key-afghan-city-with-u-s-troops-set-to-exit |archive-date=9 July 2021}}</ref> Di antara lokasi yang direbut Taliban adalah [[Pengendalian perbatasan|perlintasan perbatasan]] utama Afganistan dengan Tajikistan dan [[Distrik Saydabad]] di [[Provinsi Maidan Wardak]], yang disebut sebagai pintu masuk utama menuju ibu kota negara Afganistan, Kabul.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 June 2021 |title=Taliban captures Afghanistan's main Tajikistan border crossing |publisher=Al Jazeera English |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/22/taliban-capture-afghanistans-main-tajikistan-border-crossing |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708235441/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/22/taliban-capture-afghanistans-main-tajikistan-border-crossing |archive-date=8 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Yusufzai |first=Mushtaq |date=27 June 2021 |title=Afghan Taliban capture another important district |publisher=The News Pakistan |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/855955-Afghan%20Taliban%20capture%20another%20important%20district |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709004822/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/855955-Afghan%20Taliban%20capture%20another%20important%20district |archive-date=9 July 2021}}</ref> Dari segi peralatan, Taliban merebut 700 truk dan [[Humvee]] dari ANSF, begitu pula dengan puluhan kendaraan tempur lapis baja, pesawat nirawak [[Boeing Insitu ScanEagle|Boeing ScanEagle]], dan sistem [[artileri]].<ref name="forbes700">{{Cite news |last=Roblin |first=Sebastien |date=30 June 2021 |title=One Month, 700 Trucks: Afghanistan's U.S. Military Vehicles Fall Into Taliban Hands |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2021/06/30/one-month-700-trucks-afghanistans-us-military-vehicles-fall-into-taliban-hands/ |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184426/https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2021/06/30/one-month-700-trucks-afghanistans-us-military-vehicles-fall-into-taliban-hands/ |archive-date=9 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="independent_drones">{{Cite news |last=Eric |first=Garcia |date=14 August 2021 |title=Taliban seizes US military equipment including drones, humvees and MRAPs |work=Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/taliban-seizes-drones-humvees-mraps-b1902308.html |url-status=live |access-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814004307/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/taliban-seizes-drones-humvees-mraps-b1902308.html |archive-date=14 August 2021}}</ref>
Sebuah helikopter [[Mil Mi-17|Mi-17]] milik [[Angkatan Udara Afganistan]] ditembak jatuh oleh Taliban dan menewaskan ketiga pilotnya, sedangkan sebuah helikopter [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|UH-60]] mengalami kerusakan di darat setelah sebuah pos terdepan milik [[Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan]] dikepung oleh Taliban pada bulan yang sama.<ref name="reuters_mi17" /><ref name="nyt_BH" /> Pada 16 Juni, gerilyawan Taliban mengeksekusi mati 22 anggota komando Angkatan Darat Afganistan yang menyerah di distrik [[Dawlat Abad, Faryab|Dawlat Abad]]. Di antara anggota yang tewas adalah Mayor Sohrab Azimi, putra dari pensiunan Jenderal Zahir Azimi. Mayor Sohrab mendapat kenaikan pangkat anumerta menjadi brigadir jenderal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawrence |first=J. P. |date=21 June 2021 |title=Elite Afghan Troops Were Left to Die in Battle With Taliban, Officials Say |url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2021/06/21/elite-afghan-troops-were-left-die-battle-taliban-officials-say.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715033008/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2021/06/21/elite-afghan-troops-were-left-die-battle-taliban-officials-say.html |archive-date=15 July 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Military.com}}</ref> Saksi mata mengatakan bahwa bahasa percakapan yang digunakan oleh antar anggota gerilyawan Taliban terdengar asing, yang mengindikasikan bahwa para gerilyawan tersebut bukan berasal dari daerah tersebut.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coren |first=Anna |last2=Sidhu |first2=Sandi |date=14 July 2021 |title=Taliban fighters execute 22 Afghan commandos as they try to surrender |publisher=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/13/asia/afghanistan-taliban-commandos-killed-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714215002/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/13/asia/afghanistan-taliban-commandos-killed-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-date=14 July 2021}}</ref> Sepanjang bulan tersebut, 703 anggota pasukan ANSF 208 warga sipil tewas selama pertempuran melawan Taliban, sedangkan Kementerian Pertahanan Afganistan mengklaim pihaknya telah menewaskan 1.535 gerilyawan Taliban.<ref name="cast" /><ref name="caslist" /> Pada 19 Juni, [[Presiden Afganistan|Presiden]] [[Ashraf Ghani]] mengganti kepala staf Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan, menteri pertahanan, dan menteri dalam negeri.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 June 2021 |title=Afghan president replaces two top ministers, army chief as violence grows |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-president-replaces-two-top-ministers-army-chief-violence-grows-2021-06-20/ |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185009/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-president-replaces-two-top-ministers-army-chief-violence-grows-2021-06-20/ |archive-date=9 July 2021}}</ref> Pada akhir bulan Juni, seluruh negara anggota [[Resolute Support Mission]] kecuali Amerika Serikat, Britania Raya, dan Turki telah menarik pasukan tentaranya.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}
[[Berkas:Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III speaks with the President of Afghanistan Ashraf Ghani and Chairman of the High Council for National Reconciliation Dr. Abdullah Abdullah 51269697227.jpg|jmpl|ki|Sekretaris Pertahanan AS [[Lloyd Austin]] menggelar rapat dengan Presiden Afganistan [[Ashraf Ghani]] pada bulan Juni 2021.]]
Pada 22 Juni, Taliban merebut [[Shir Khan Bandar]], perlintasan perbatasan utama Afganistan dengan Tajikistan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2021 |title=Taliban capture Afghanistan's main Tajikistan border crossing |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210622-taliban-capture-afghanistan-s-main-tajikistan-border-crossing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724023651/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210622-taliban-capture-afghanistan-s-main-tajikistan-border-crossing |archive-date=24 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=France 24}}</ref> Tiga belas distrik jatuh ke pihak Taliban hanya dalam kurun waktu 24 jam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ANDSF Recaptures Three Districts in North as War Intensifies |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705040503/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173011 |archive-date=5 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=TOLOnews}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, pertempuran besar juga terjadi di [[Provinsi Baghlan]] setelah pasukan Afganistan melancarkan operasi militer di pinggiran kota [[Pol-e Khomri]] dan menewaskan 17 gerilyawan Taliban yang termasuk Qari Khalid, seorang komandan divisi Taliban.<ref name="auto1" /> Pasukan Taliban secara serentak mengambil alih [[Provinsi Balkh]] dan mengepung Mazari Sharif, ibu kota Provinsi Balkh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hundreds of Public Forces Deployed to Guard Mazar-e-Sharif |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628004118/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173013 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=24 June 2021 |website=TOLOnews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Robertson |first=Nic |date=24 June 2021 |title=Afghanistan is disintegrating fast as Biden's troop withdrawal continues |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/24/asia/afghanistan-taliban-offensive-intl-cmd/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717095830/https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/24/asia/afghanistan-taliban-offensive-intl-cmd/index.html |archive-date=17 July 2021 |access-date=24 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Pada 23 Juni, terjadi pertempuran antara pasukan Taliban dan tentara Afganistan di dalam kota Pol-e Khomri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baghlan: Clashes Ongoing in Capital Pul-e-Khumri |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173033 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628215058/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173033 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=24 June 2021 |website=TOLOnews}}</ref>
Pada 25 Juni, Taliban mengambil alih [[Distrik Shinwari]] dan [[Distrik Ghorband]] di [[Provinsi Parwan]] di utara Kabul.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parwan's Shinwari district overrun by Taliban |url=https://pajhwok.com/2021/06/26/parwans-shinwari-district-overrun-by-taliban/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702214116/https://pajhwok.com/2021/06/26/parwans-shinwari-district-overrun-by-taliban/ |archive-date=2 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, [[NBC News]] melaporkan Taliban "terkejut dengan kecepatan pergerakan mereka sendiri dan telah menghindari perebutan beberapa target agar tidak terjadi bentrok dengan Amerika Serikat",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban forces rapidly gaining ground in Afghanistan as U.S. leaves |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/even-taliban-are-surprised-how-fast-they-re-advancing-afghanistan-n1272236 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707212339/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/even-taliban-are-surprised-how-fast-they-re-advancing-afghanistan-n1272236 |archive-date=7 July 2021 |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=NBC News}}</ref> dan Pemerintah Afganistan meluncurkan program yang disebut sebagai Mobilisasi Nasional, yang bertujuan untuk mempersenjatai kelompok milisi pendukung pemerintah untuk berperang melawan Taliban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban gains drive Afghanistan gov't to arm local volunteers |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/25/taliban-gains-drive-afghan-government-to-recruit-militias |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713063043/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/25/taliban-gains-drive-afghan-government-to-recruit-militias |archive-date=13 July 2021 |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Al-Jazeera}}</ref> Sementara itu, wakil emir Taliban [[Sirajuddin Haqqani]] mengeluarkan sejumlah instruksi melalui ''[[Voice of Jihad]]'' kepada pemerintahan di wilayah yang telah direbut Taliban selama penyerangan. Peneliti ''[[FDD's Long War Journal]]'' Thomas Joscelyn berpendapat bahwa pernyataan Haqqani "layaknya sebuah pernyataan yang dikeluarkan oleh seorang kepala negara".<ref name="haqqani" />
Pada 27 Juni, [[Distrik Chaki Wardak]] dan [[Distrik Saydabad]] jatuh ke pihak Taliban setelah sedikitnya 50 pasukan tentara Afganistan menyerah dan ditangkap oleh Taliban. Pada hari yang sama, [[Distrik Rustaq]], [[Distrik Shortepa]], dan [[Distrik Arghistan]] jatuh ke pihak Taliban. [[TOLONews]] melaporkan bahwa 108 distrik jatuh ke pihak Taliban dalam dua bulan terakhir dan tentara Afganistan hanya mampu merebut kembali 10 distrik.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Five Districts Fall to Taliban in 24 Hours |url=https://tolonews.com/index.php/afghanistan-173124 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703123508/https://tolonews.com/index.php/afghanistan-173124 |archive-date=3 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=TOLOnews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Police Commander Says More Than 50 Afghan Officers Captured By The Taliban |url=https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/afghanitan-50-afghan-officers-captured-taliban/31328474.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703030349/https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/afghanitan-50-afghan-officers-captured-taliban/31328474.html |archive-date=3 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=RFE/RL}}</ref> Pada 29 Juni, Taliban melancarkan serangan ke kota [[Ghazni]] dan mengakibatkan terjadinya pertempuran di kota tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban fighters launch attack on Ghazni, clash with Afghan troops |url=https://wtvbam.com/2021/06/29/taliban-fighters-launch-attack-on-ghazni-clash-with-afghan-troops/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812162212/https://wtvbam.com/2021/06/29/taliban-fighters-launch-attack-on-ghazni-clash-with-afghan-troops/ |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |publisher=WTVB}}</ref>
[[Berkas:Afghan government forces in Jowzjan Province during 2021 Taliban offensive.png|jmpl|ki|Pasukan pendukung pemerintah berkumpul di [[Provinsi Jowzjan]].]]
Pada bulan Juli, Taliban merebut 64 distrik dari Pemerintah Afganistan dan masuk ke kota [[Kandahar (kota)|Kandahar]] dan [[Herat (kota)|Herat]], masing-masing kota terbesar kedua dan ketiga di Afganistan.<ref name="jul15" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Roggie |first=Bill |date=5 July 2021 |title=Afghanistan at risk of collapse as Taliban storms the north |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/07/afghanistan-at-risk-of-collapse-as-taliban-storms-the-north.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708040137/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/07/afghanistan-at-risk-of-collapse-as-taliban-storms-the-north.php |archive-date=8 July 2021 |access-date=8 July 2021 |website=FDD's Long War Journal}}{{cite news |last1=Nossiter |first1=Adam |title=Taliban Enter Kandahar City and Seize Border Posts |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/09/world/asia/taliban-kandahar-afghanistan.html |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=9 July 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709222214/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/09/world/asia/taliban-kandahar-afghanistan.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="lwj-herat" /> Sepanjang bulan tersebut, 335 anggota pasukan ANSF dan 189 warga sipil tewas selama pertempuran melawan Taliban, sedangkan Kementerian Pertahanan Afganistan mengklaim pihaknya telah menewaskan 3.159 gerilyawan Taliban.<ref name="cast" /><ref name="caslist" /> Menurut seorang utusan [[Organisasi Traktat Keamanan Kolektif|CSTO]], sekitar 1.500 tentara Afganistan [[Desersi|terdesersi]] ke Tajikistan.<ref name="desert" /> Media Iran melaporkan bahwa sekitar 300 tentara dan warga sipil Afganistan telah melintasi [[Perbatasan Afganistan–Iran|perbatasan]] dan masuk ke Iran untuk melarikan diri dari Taliban.<ref name="desert" />
Pada 2 Juli, Italia dan Jerman menarik pasukan tentaranya dari Afganistan, dan pasukan tentara Amerika Serikat meninggalkan [[Lapangan Terbang Bagram]] dengan menyerahkannya kepada Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2021 |title=Germany, Italy Complete Troop Exit From Afghanistan |url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/germany-italy-complete-troop-exit-afghanistan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702130954/https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/germany-italy-complete-troop-exit-afghanistan |archive-date=2 July 2021 |access-date=13 July 2021 |website=[[Voice of America]]}}</ref> Sejak saat itu, serangan udara Amerika Serikat melawan Taliban dipimpin dari luar Afganistan, yaitu dari [[Pangkalan Udara Al Udeid]] di [[Qatar]] dan kelompok serang kapal induk [[Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat]] di [[Teluk Persia]], sehingga diperlukan perjalanan selama beberapa jam untuk mencapai target. Menurut seorang pejabat pertahanan Amerika Serikat, serangan udara Amerika Serikat sejak 2 Juli hanya berjumlah beberapa kali dalam sehari.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parkin |first=Benjamin |date=9 August 2021 |title=Taliban sweeps across northern bastions of warlord resistance |publisher=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d2c4231a-c044-4877-991f-fbc49eec171a |url-status=live |access-date=10 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809190157/https://www.ft.com/content/d2c4231a-c044-4877-991f-fbc49eec171a |archive-date=9 August 2021}}{{cite news |last1=Knickmeyer |first1=Ellen |last2=Baldor |first2=Lolita C. |title=US signals no change in airstrikes as Afghan Taliban advance |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-taliban-dada0eccbb2fde176f825036eae6e8ef |access-date=10 August 2021 |publisher=Associated Press |date=9 August 2021 |archive-date=9 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809223103/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-taliban-dada0eccbb2fde176f825036eae6e8ef |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="10augJK">{{Cite web |last=Seldin |first=Jeff |date=10 August 2021 |title=Pentagon: US Airstrikes in Afghanistan 'Having an Effect' on Taliban {{!}} Voice of America – English |url=https://www.voanews.com/us-afghanistan-troop-withdrawal/pentagon-us-airstrikes-afghanistan-having-effect-taliban |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811003357/https://www.voanews.com/us-afghanistan-troop-withdrawal/pentagon-us-airstrikes-afghanistan-having-effect-taliban |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=www.voanews.com}}</ref>
Pada akhir pekan pertama bulan Juli, ratusan perempuan bersenjata turun ke sejumlah jalan di wilayah utara dan tengah Afganistan untuk berunjuk rasa melawan serangan Taliban, dengan unjuk rasa terbesar di kota [[Chaghcharan]], ibu kota [[Provinsi Ghōr]]. Gubernur Provinsi Ghōr Abdulzahir Faizzada melaporkan dalam sebuah wawancara dengan ''[[The Guardian]]'' bahwa banyak perempuan Afganistan, beberapa di antaranya yang kabur dari Taliban, telah mempelajari penggunaan senjata api untuk membela diri mereka, dengan beberapa di antaranya sudah memerangi Taliban sendiri. Juru bicara Taliban [[Zabiullah Mujahid]] mengutuk laporan tersebut sebagai "[[propaganda]]" dan menyatakan "perempuan tidak akan pernah mengangkat senjatanya untuk melawan kami".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham-Harrison |first=Emma |date=7 July 2021 |title=Armed Afghan women take to streets in show of defiance against Taliban |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/07/armed-afghan-women-take-to-streets-in-show-of-defiance-against-taliban |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719110958/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/07/armed-afghan-women-take-to-streets-in-show-of-defiance-against-taliban |archive-date=19 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]] |location=[[Kabul]]}}</ref> Selama akhir pekan tersebut, Taliban merebut sembilan pos perbatasan milik tentara Afganistan di [[Provinsi Kunar]] di dekat [[Perbatasan Afganistan–Pakistan|perbatasan dengan Pakistan]], di mana 39 personel tentara Afganistan menyerah dan 31 lainnya melarikan diri ke Pakistan.<ref name="desert" />
Pada 5 Juli, [[Presiden Tajikistan]] [[Emomali Rahmon]] mengumumkan pengerahan 20.000 pasukan tentaranya ke [[Perbatasan Afganistan–Tajikistan|perbatasan dengan Afganistan]] untuk menghindari meluasnya perang di Afganistan ke Tajikistan. Pada 9 Juli, [[Organisasi Traktat Keamanan Kolektif|CSTO]] mengumumkan [[Rusia|Federasi Rusia]] akan mengerahkan 7.000 tentaranya ke perbatasan tersebut untuk membantu tentara Tajikistan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Заседание Совета Безопасности Республики Таджикистан {{!}} Президенти Тоҷикистон – President of Tajikistan – Президент Таджикистана – رئيس جمهورية تاجيكستان |url=http://president.tj/ru/node/26124 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711030506/http://president.tj/ru/node/26124 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |access-date=17 July 2021 |website=president.tj}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=GDC |date=9 July 2021 |title=Russia sends troops to Tajikistan, establishes a military base |url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/07/09/russia-sends-troops-to-tajikistan-establishes-a-military-base/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717153632/https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/07/09/russia-sends-troops-to-tajikistan-establishes-a-military-base/ |archive-date=17 July 2021 |access-date=17 July 2021 |website=Global Defense Corp |language=en-US}}</ref> Pada 7 Juli, pasukan pendukung pemerintah menggagalkan upaya Taliban untuk merebut kota [[Qala i Naw, Badghis|Qala i Naw]].<ref name="Esfandiari-Ahmadi" /> Pada 8 Juli, Taliban merebut [[Distrik Karukh]], salah satu distrik strategis yang penting di [[Provinsi Herat]].<ref name="lwj-herat">{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=30 July 2021 |title=Taliban advances on Herat City |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/07/taliban-advances-on-herat-city.php |url-status=live |access-date=31 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730191851/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/07/taliban-advances-on-herat-city.php |archive-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>
Pada 8 Juli, tentara Afgianistan mengeksekusi mati seorang penduduk setempat dengan mendudukkannya di atas [[alat peledak improvisasi]] (IED) sebelum meledakkannya.<ref name="Execution-1" /> Korban yang bernama Barakatullah tersebut dituduh memandu Taliban oleh polisi Afganistan dan milisi anti-Taliban. Ayahanda Barakatullah membantah tuduhan bahwa putranya bekerja sama dengan Taliban. Insiden tersebut terjadi di selatan kota [[Sharana]], ibu kota [[Provinsi Paktika]] dan video insiden tersebut diunggah melalui jejaring sosial [[TikTok]]. Tim observasi dari [[France 24]] dapat memverifikasi dan melacak lokasi geografis video tersebut. Juru bicara [[Kementerian Pertahanan Afganistan]] Fawad Aman membantah adanya insiden tersebut.<ref name="Execution-1" /> Seorang wartawan Afganistan bernama Naseeb Zadran mengatakan bahwa insiden tersebut bukan merupakan insiden yang kebetulan dan mencerminkan kebebasan dari hukuman yang dinikmati oleh tentara Afganistan.<ref name="Execution-1">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2021 |title=Afghan soldiers execute a villager suspected of aiding the Taliban by IED |url=https://observers.france24.com/en/middle-east/20210803-afghanistan-army-taliban-mine-explosion-execution |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808122549/https://observers.france24.com/en/middle-east/20210803-afghanistan-army-taliban-mine-explosion-execution |archive-date=8 August 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=France 24 The Observers}}</ref>
[[Berkas:Armed Afghan civilians during the 2021 Taliban offensive.png|jmpl|Penduduk setempat melakukan demonstrasi untuk mendukung pemerintah di [[Provinsi Jowzjan]].]]
Pada 10 Juli, Taliban merebut [[Distrik Panjwayi]] di Provinsi Kandahar.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 July 2021 |title=The fall of Panjwaii casts a long shadow over Canada's Afghan war veterans |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/afghan-taliban-panjwaii-canadian-troops-1.6096806 |url-status=live |access-date=10 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812162116/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/afghan-taliban-panjwaii-canadian-troops-1.6096806 |archive-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> Taliban juga mengepung kota [[Ghazni]] di Afganistan tengah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2021 |title=Taliban surround central Afghan city of Ghazni – officials |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taliban-surround-central-afghan-city-ghazni-officials-2021-07-12/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712170449/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taliban-surround-central-afghan-city-ghazni-officials-2021-07-12/ |archive-date=12 July 2021 |access-date=12 July 2021 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Kota perlintasan perbatasan [[Torghundi]] yang berbatasan dengan [[Turkmenistan]] dan [[Islam Qala]] yang berbatasan dengan Iran juga direbut oleh Taliban. Selama perebutan perlintasan perbatasan Islam Qala, sejumlah petugas keamanan dan bea cukai Afganistan kabur melalui [[Perbatasan Afghanistan–Iran|perbatasan dengan Iran]] untuk melarikan diri dari Taliban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban captures key Afghan border crossing with Iran: Officials |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/9/taliban-afghanistan-border-crossing-iran |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710005815/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/9/taliban-afghanistan-border-crossing-iran |archive-date=10 July 2021 |access-date=10 July 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 July 2021 |title=Taliban capture key Afghanistan border crossings |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57773120 |url-status=live |access-date=10 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709232521/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57773120 |archive-date=9 July 2021}}</ref> Pada 11 Juli, [[Menteri Pertahanan Australia]] [[Peter Dutton]] mengumumkan berakhirnya keberadaan militer negaranya di Afganistan, dengan 80 personel terakhir telah meninggalkan Afganistan dalam beberapa minggu terakhir.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2021 |title=Australia Says Last Troops Withdrawn From Afghanistan |url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/australia-says-last-troops-withdrawn-afghanistan?amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712023118/https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/australia-says-last-troops-withdrawn-afghanistan?amp |archive-date=12 July 2021 |access-date=12 July 2021 |website=Voice of America}}</ref> Pada 12 Juli, komandan [[Misi Dukungan Resolute]] [[Austin S. Miller]] mundur dari jabatannya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kube |first=Kourtney |title=Commander of U.S., NATO forces in Afghanistan is stepping down |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/commander-u-s-nato-forces-afghanistan-stepping-down-n1273665 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712082436/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/commander-u-s-nato-forces-afghanistan-stepping-down-n1273665 |archive-date=12 July 2021 |access-date=12 July 2021 |publisher=NBC News}}</ref> Hingga 12 Juli, Taliban telah merebut 148 [[Distrik di Afganistan|distrik]] dari Afganistan.<ref name="jul15" /> Pada 14 Juli, pos perbatasan Afganistan di [[Spin Boldak]] direbut oleh pasukan Taliban;<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2021 |title=Taliban capture key Afghan border crossing with Pakistan: Spokesman |publisher=Channel News Asia |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/taliban-capture-key-afghan-border-crossing-with-pakistan-15217938 |url-status=live |access-date=17 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715082227/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/taliban-capture-key-afghan-border-crossing-with-pakistan-15217938 |archive-date=15 July 2021}}</ref> seorang wartawan [[Reuters]] dari India bernama [[Danish Siddiqui]] tewas di sana ketika meliput pertempuran tersebut dua hari kemudian.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2021 |title=Reuters journalist killed covering clash between Afghan forces, Taliban |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/reuters-journalist-killed-covering-clash-between-afghan-forces-taliban-2021-07-16/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716141430/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/reuters-journalist-killed-covering-clash-between-afghan-forces-taliban-2021-07-16/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=Reuters}}</ref>
Pada 12 Juli, Presiden Turkmenistan [[Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow]] memerintahkan pengerahan pasukan tentara, kendaraan lapis baja, dan persenjataan ke [[Perbatasan Afghanistan–Turkmenistan|perbatasan dengan Afganistan]] untuk mencegah meluasnya perang di Afganistan ke Turkmenistan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2021 |title=Turkmenistan deploying troops, heavy weapon on border with Afghanistan |url=https://www.khaama.com/turkmenistan-deploying-troops-heavy-weapon-on-border-with-afghanistan-678567/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712092724/https://www.khaama.com/turkmenistan-deploying-troops-heavy-weapon-on-border-with-afghanistan-678567/ |archive-date=12 July 2021 |access-date=17 July 2021 |website=The Khaama Press News Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> Pada 16 Juli, Uzbekistan menjadi tuan rumah sebuah konferensi antara sejumlah pemimpin dan diplomat luar negeri di kawasan Asia Tengah, termasuk Presiden Afganistan [[Ashraf Ghani]], untuk mendorong perdamaian dan mencegah terjadinya perang saudara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham-Harrison |first=Emma |date=15 July 2021 |title=Afghanistan's neighbours step up efforts to prevent civil war |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/15/us-aims-to-woo-central-asian-leaders-for-secure-base-near-afghanistan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719195314/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/15/us-aims-to-woo-central-asian-leaders-for-secure-base-near-afghanistan |archive-date=19 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>
Pada 21 Juli, [[Ketua Kepala Staf Gabungan Amerika Serikat]] [[Mark Milley]] melaporkan bahwa sebagian dari seluruh distrik di Afganistan berada di bawah kendali Taliban dan momentum situasi "agaknya" berada di pihak Taliban.<ref name="half">{{Cite news |last=Ali |first=Idrees |last2=Stewart |first2=Phil |date=21 July 2021 |title=Half of all Afghan district centers under Taliban control – U.S. general |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/half-all-afghan-district-centers-under-taliban-control-us-general-2021-07-21/ |url-status=live |access-date=21 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729163918/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/half-all-afghan-district-centers-under-taliban-control-us-general-2021-07-21/ |archive-date=29 July 2021}}</ref> Pada 22 Juli, [[Kementerian Pertahanan Amerika Serikat|Pentagon]] mengonfirmasi bahwa Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat telah melakukan empat serangan udara di Afganistan atas permintaan pejabat Pemerintah Afganistan. Dua serangan udara ditujukan untuk menghancukan peralatan militer yang direbut Taliban dari pasukan keamanan Afganistan; satu senjata artileri dan satu kendaraan militer hancur dalam serangan tersebut.<ref name="wapo21" /> Sementara itu, pertempuran di Kandahar terus berlanjut, dengan sebagian besar pemukiman penduduk dikepung oleh para pemberontak. Seluruh distrik di Kandahar kecuali [[Distrik Daman]] jatuh ke pihak Taliban, dan hanya Lapangan Terbang Kandahar (penting untuk menyuplai pasukan keamanan setempat) yang masih berada di bawah kendali penuh pemerintah. Menurut ''FDD's Long War Journal'', potensi kejatuhan Distrik Daman kepada para pemberontak akan membuat posisi pasukan pemerintah untuk mempertahankan kota Kandahar menjadi sangat sulit.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=23 July 2021 |title=Taliban battles Afghan military for control of Kandahar City |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/07/taliban-battled-afghan-military-for-control-of-kandahar-city.php |url-status=live |access-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722152811/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/07/taliban-battled-afghan-military-for-control-of-kandahar-city.php |archive-date=22 July 2021}}</ref> Pada 22 Juli, sebanyak 100 orang tewas dalam [[Penembakan Spin Boldak 2021|penembakan massal]] di kota Spin Boldak di Provinsi Kandahar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2021 |title=Report: Afghan Ministry Says 100 Civilians Killed In Kandahar Raids |url=https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/civilian-deaths-kandahar-raids/31372494.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726153445/https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/civilian-deaths-kandahar-raids/31372494.html |archive-date=26 July 2021 |access-date=26 July 2021 |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=English}}</ref> Namun, pasukan pendukung pemerintah juga meraih kemenangan di [[Provinsi Bamiyan]] setelah milisi setempat dan polisi merebut kembali [[Distrik Sayghan]] dan [[Distrik Kahmard]] dari Taliban,<ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Donnell |first=Lynne |date=22 July 2021 |title=A 'Life and Death Fight' Against the Taliban in Central Afghanistan |publisher=Foreign Policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/07/22/taliban-central-afghanistan-fighting-local-militias-bamiyan/ |url-status=live |access-date=26 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726173709/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/07/22/taliban-central-afghanistan-fighting-local-militias-bamiyan/ |archive-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> dan di Provinsi Herat di mana Pemerintah Afganistan merebut kembali Distrik Karakh.<ref name="lwj-herat" />
Pada 24 Juli, Pemerintah Afganistan memberlakukan jam lama antara pukul 22.00 hingga 04.00 di seluruh provinsi di Afganistan kecuali Kabul, Panjshir, dan Nangarhar untuk "meredam kerusuhan dan mengurangi pergerakan dan kemajuan Taliban".<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 July 2021 |title=Afghanistan imposes night curfew to curb Taliban advance |agency=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/24/afghanistan-imposes-night-curfew-amid-surge-in-taliban-advance |url-status=live |access-date=24 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724130729/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/24/afghanistan-imposes-night-curfew-amid-surge-in-taliban-advance |archive-date=24 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="The War has come to their doors" |url=https://www.promethean.news/news/the-war-has-come-to-their-doors |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724172845/https://www.promethean.news/news/the-war-has-come-to-their-doors |archive-date=24 July 2021 |access-date=24 July 2021 |website=Promethean |publisher=Promethean News}}</ref>
[[Berkas:2021 Taliban Offensive - Situation on 25 July.png|jmpl|ki|Situasi wilayah Afganistan pada 25 Juli 2021.]]
Pada 26 Juli, sebuah laporan yang dibuat oleh [[Deborah Lyons]], seorang perwakilan PBB, menunjukkan peningkatan tajam dalam jumlah kematian warga sipil sebagai dampak dari pertempuran Pemerintah Afganistan dan Taliban. Lyons memohon kepada kedua belah pihak untuk melindungi warga sipil dengan mengatakan bahwa perempuan dan anak-anak juga menjadi korban tewas.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 July 2021 |title=UN warns of spike in Afghan civilian deaths |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/un-warns-of-spike-in-afghan-civilian-deaths/a-58640128 |url-status=live |access-date=26 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726102012/https://www.dw.com/en/un-warns-of-spike-in-afghan-civilian-deaths/a-58640128 |archive-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, sekitar 46 anggota tentara Afganistan, termasuk 5 perwira, mencari suaka di Pakistan setelah mereka tidak mampu mempertahankan pos militer mereka.<ref name="desert" />
Pada 28 Juli, sebuah delegasi dari Taliban bertemu dengan [[Kementerian Luar Negeri Tiongkok|Menteri Luar Negeri Tiongkok]] [[Wang Yi (politikus)|Wang Yi]] di [[Tianjin]], di mana Menteri Yi berjanji Tiongkok akan mendukung Taliban dengan syarat agar Taliban memutus hubungan dengan [[Partai Islam Turkistan|Gerakan Islam Turkistan]] (hingga tahun 2002, 400 militan di daerah [[Xinjiang]] telah dilatih di tempat pelatihan milik Taliban),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tan |first=Rebecca |date=28 July 2021 |title=China hosts Taliban leaders as U.S. withdraws troops from Afghanistan |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/taliban-china-afghanistan/2021/07/28/fdfbe024-ef88-11eb-81b2-9b7061a582d8_story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812162158/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/taliban-china-afghanistan/2021/07/28/fdfbe024-ef88-11eb-81b2-9b7061a582d8_story.html |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=30 July 2021 |website=[[Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Millers |first=Steven Lee |date=28 July 2021 |title=China Offers the Taliban a Warm Welcome While Urging Peace Talks |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/28/world/asia/china-taliban-afghanistan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729205607/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/28/world/asia/china-taliban-afghanistan.html |archive-date=29 July 2021 |access-date=30 July 2021 |website=[[New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Deng |first=Chao |date=28 July 2021 |title=China Meets With Taliban, Stepping Up as U.S. Exits Afghanistan |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-meets-with-taliban-stepping-up-as-u-s-exits-afghanistan-11627492777 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729225434/https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-meets-with-taliban-stepping-up-as-u-s-exits-afghanistan-11627492777 |archive-date=29 July 2021 |access-date=30 July 2021 |website=[[Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref><ref name="Dou Tan 2021">{{Cite web |last=Dou |first=Eva |last2=Tan |first2=Rebecca |date=17 August 2021 |title=China faces threat in volatile borderlands after Afghanistan falls to the Taliban |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/afghanistan-china-xinjiang-taliban/2021/08/17/4f1fad12-fefe-11eb-87e0-7e07bd9ce270_story.html |access-date=18 August 2021 |website=[[Washington Post]] |language=en}}</ref> berjanji untuk "membawa Taliban kembali ke arus utama politik", dan menawarkan untuk menjadi tuan rumah pembicaraan damai antara Pemerintah Afganistan dan Taliban.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wong |first=Catherine |date=28 July 2021 |title=China pledges support for Taliban in Afghanistan, but demands end to ETIM ties |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3142826/taliban-leader-arrives-china-talks-foreign-minister-wang-yi?module=perpetual_scroll&pgtype=article&campaign=3142826 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730091641/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3142826/taliban-leader-arrives-china-talks-foreign-minister-wang-yi?module=perpetual_scroll&pgtype=article&campaign=3142826 |archive-date=30 July 2021 |access-date=30 July 2021 |website=[[South China Morning Post]]}}</ref>
Pada 31 Juli, Taliban telah memasuki ibu kota provinsi [[Provinsi Helmand|Helmand]] dan [[Provinsi Herat|Herat]], merebut sejumlah distrik di kedua provinsi tersebut dan merebut perlintasan perbatasan Afganistan dengan Iran dan Turkmenistan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 July 2021 |title=Taliban fighters enter provincial capital, clash with Afghan forces |agency=Euronews |url=https://www.euronews.com/2021/07/31/us-afghanistan-conflict |url-status=live |access-date=31 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731123303/https://www.euronews.com/2021/07/31/us-afghanistan-conflict |archive-date=31 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=31 July 2021 |title=Taliban and Afghan forces clash again outside Herat city |work=[[France24]] |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210731-taliban-and-afghan-forces-clash-again-outside-herat-city |url-status=live |access-date=31 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731120225/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210731-taliban-and-afghan-forces-clash-again-outside-herat-city |archive-date=31 July 2021}}</ref> Distrik Karakh di Provinsi Herat dan beberapa distrik lainnya kembali direbut oleh para pemberontak. Pemberontakan tersebut juga memutus akses jalan menuju [[Bandar Udara Internasional Herat]] dan kota Herat, meskipun Bandara Herat tetap di bawah kendali pemerintah. Sebuah artikel yang ditulis di ''FDD's Long War Journal'' meragukan kemampuan Pemerintah Afganistan dalam menjaga kendali kota Herat tanpa adanya dukungan kepada para pembela pemerintah dari bandara tersebut. Sementara itu, kota Kandahar masih tetap diperebutkan.<ref name="lwj-herat" />
[[Berkas:Afghan National Army in combat during 2021 offensive 1.png|jmpl|Beberapa tentara dari [[Tentara Nasional Afganistan|Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan]] dalam pertempuran melawan Taliban.]]
Sejak 1 hingga 2 Agustus, wilayah Safian, Qala-i-Kohneh, dan Kariz di pinggiran kota [[Lashkargah]] jatuh ke pihak Taliban. Pertempuran antara tentara Pemerintah Afganistan dan Taliban juga terjadi di pinggiran kota tersebut, dengan Angkatan Udara Afganistan dan Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat menyerang posisi Taliban. Pada 3 Agustus, sebanyak 40 warga sipil tewas 100 lainnya terluka dalam pertempuran tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Latest updates on Helmand front, 2 August 2021 |url=https://english.iswnews.com/19938/afghanistan-latest-updates-on-helmand-front-2-august-2021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802184738/https://english.iswnews.com/19938/afghanistan-latest-updates-on-helmand-front-2-august-2021/ |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=IWN |language=en-US}}</ref> Setelah merebut stasiun radio Lashkargah, Taliban mulai menyiarkan program radio ''Voice of Sharia''. Para pemberontak juga mulai menyerang Bandara Lashkargah. Sementara itu, Pemerintah Afganistan mengerahkan pasukan tentara tambahan untuk mencegah kota Lashkargah jatuh ke pihak pemberontak.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=5 August 2021 |title=Taliban, Afghan forces battle for control of Helmand's capital |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-afghan-forces-battle-for-control-of-helmands-capital.php |url-status=live |access-date=2 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802213859/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-afghan-forces-battle-for-control-of-helmands-capital.php |archive-date=2 August 2021}}</ref>
Pada 3 Agustus, sebanyak 13 orang—termasuk lima pelaku penyerangan—tewas dalam pengeboman dan baku tembak Taliban di Kabul.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2021 |title=Taliban attack in Kabul kills 13 and shows deadly switch in tactics |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/taliban-kabul-attack-afghanistan-tactics-b1896577.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811020502/https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/taliban-kabul-attack-afghanistan-tactics-b1896577.html |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Operasi bergaya [[inghimasi]] yang dilakukan oleh "Batalyon Kemartiran" Taliban tersebut ditujukan untuk membunuh Menteri Pertahanan Afganistan [[Bismillah Khan Mohammadi]]; ia selamat dari serangan tersebut. ''FDD's Long War Journal'' menggambarkan Mohammadi sebagai salah satu tokoh penting Pemerintah Afganistan yang bertanggung jawab untuk melawan serangan Taliban.<ref name="martyrdom unit" />
Hingga 5 Agustus, sebanyak 115 anggota pasukan ANSF dan 58 warga sipil tewas dalam pertempuran melawan Taliban, sedangkan Kementerian Pertahanan Afganistan mengklaim pihaknya telah menewaskan 3.197 gerilyawan Taliban sejak awal bulan Agustus.<ref name="cast" /><ref name="caslist" />
===Kejatuhan ibu kota provinsi===
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed floatright"
|+{{nowrap|Daftar ibu kota provinsi yang jatuh selama penyerangan}}
! scope="col" | Tanggal
! scope="col" | Provinsi
! scope="col" | Ibu kota
! scope="col" | Urutan
|-
| 6 Agustus
| [[Provinsi Nimruz|Nimruz]]
| [[Zaranj]]
| 1
|-
| 7 Agustus
| [[Provinsi Jowzjan|Jowzjan]]
| [[Sheberghan]]
| 2
|-
| rowspan="3" |8 Agustus
| [[Provinsi Kunduz|Kunduz]]
| [[Kunduz]]
| rowspan="2" |3–4
|-
| [[Provinsi Sar-e Pol|Sar-e Pol]]
| [[Sar-e Pol]]
|-
| [[Provinsi Takhar|Takhar]]
| [[Taloqan]]
| 5
|-
| 9 Agustus
| [[Provinsi Samangan|Samangan]]
| [[Aybak]]
| 6
|-
| rowspan="2" |10 Agustus
| [[Provinsi Farah|Farah]]
| [[Farah, Afganistan|Farah]]
| 7
|-
| [[Provinsi Baghlan|Baghlan]]
| [[Pol-e Khomri]]
| 8
|-
| 11 Agustus
| [[Provinsi Badakhshan|Badakhshan]]
| [[Fayzabad, Badakhshan|Fayzabad]]
| 9
|-
| rowspan="4" |12 Agustus
| [[Provinsi Ghazni|Ghazni]]
| [[Ghazni]]
| 10
|-
| [[Provinsi Herat|Herat]]
| [[Herat]]
| 11
|-
| [[Provinsi Badghis|Badghis]]
| [[Qala i Naw, Badghis|Qala i Naw]]
| 12
|-
| [[Provinsi Kandahar|Kandahar]]
| [[Kandahar (kota)|Kandahar]]
| 13
|-
| rowspan="5" |13 Agustus
| [[Provinsi Helmand|Helmand]]
| [[Lashkargah]]
| 14
|-
| [[Provinsi Ghōr|Ghōr]]
| [[Chaghcharan]]
| 15
|-
| [[Provinsi Logar|Logar]]
| [[Puli Alam]]
| rowspan="3" |16–18
|-
| [[Provinsi Zabul|Zabul]]
| [[Qalāt]]
|-
| [[Provinsi Oruzgan|Oruzgan]]
| [[Tarinkot]]
|-
| rowspan="7" |14 Agustus
| [[Provinsi Paktia|Paktia]]
| [[Gardēz]]
| 19
|-
| [[Provinsi Paktika|Paktika]]
| [[Sharana]]
| 20
|-
| [[Provinsi Kunar|Kunar]]
| [[Asadabad, Kunar|Asadabad]]
| 21
|-
| [[Provinsi Faryab|Faryab]]
| [[Maymana, Faryab|Maymana]]
| 22
|-
| [[Provinsi Laghman|Laghman]]
| [[Mihtarlam]]
| 23
|-
| [[Provinsi Daykundi|Daykundi]]
| [[Nili, Daykundi|Nili]]
| 24
|-
| [[Provinsi Balkh|Balkh]]
| [[Mazari Sharif]]
| 25
|-
| rowspan="8" |15 Agustus
| [[Provinsi Nangarhar|Nangarhar]]
| [[Jalalabad]]
|26
|-
| [[Provinsi Maidan Wardak|Maidan Wardak]]
| [[Maidan Shar]]
|27
|-
| [[Provinsi Khost|Khost]]
| [[Khost]]
|28
|-
| [[Provinsi Bamiyan|Bamiyan]]
| [[Bamyan, Afganistan|Bamiyan]]
|29
|-
| [[Provinsi Kapisa|Kapisa]]
| [[Mahmud-i-Raqi]]
|30
|-
|[[Provinsi Parwan|Parwan]]
|[[Charikar]]
|31
|-
| [[Provinsi Nuristan|Nuristan]]
| [[Parun]]
|32
|-
| [[Provinsi Kabul|Kabul]]
| [[Kabul]]
|33
|-
| Kendali pemerintah
| [[Provinsi Panjshir|Panjshir]]
| [[Bazarak]]
|
|-
|}
Pada 6 Agustus, Taliban membunuh Dawa Khan Minapal, kepala pusat media dan informasi pemerintah di Kabul.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban kills head of Afghanistan gov't media department |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/6/afghanistan-taliban-provincial-capitals |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, pertempuran besar dilaporkan terjadi di [[Provinsi Jowzjan]] selagi Taliban memasuki ibu kota [[Sheberghan]]. Taliban mengonfirmasi pihaknya bertanggung jawab atas pembunuhan Minapal dan memperingatkan bahwa pihaknya akan menargetkan pejabat administratif senior untuk membalas serangan udara yang terjadi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 August 2021 |title=Taliban kills head of Afghanistan gov't's media department |agency=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/6/afghanistan-taliban-provincial-capitals |url-status=live |access-date=6 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806110244/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/6/afghanistan-taliban-provincial-capitals |archive-date=6 August 2021}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama pula, Taliban merebut [[Zaranj]], ibu kota [[Provinsi Nimruz]], menjadikannya sebagai ibu kota provinsi pertama yang direbut Taliban sejak Amerika Serikat menginvasi Afganistan pada tahun 2001.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 August 2021 |title=Taliban take first Afghan province capital |work=The West Australia |agency=AAP |url=https://thewest.com.au/news/conflict/taliban-target-two-provincial-capitals-c-3614411 |url-status=live |access-date=6 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806131022/https://thewest.com.au/news/conflict/taliban-target-two-provincial-capitals-c-3614411 |archive-date=6 August 2021}}</ref> Para pemberontak kemudian membuka penjara setempat, yang memungkinkan para tahanan untuk melarikan diri. Selagi Zaranj dilaporkan telah direbut tanpa perlawanan, wartawan Afganistan Bilal Sarwary menyuarakan kecurigaannya bahwa seseorang telah "menjual" Zaranj kepada Taliban.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=7 August 2021 |title=Taliban takes full control of Nimruz province, seizes capital |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-takes-full-control-of-nimruz-province-seizes-capital.php |url-status=live |access-date=6 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806172052/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-takes-full-control-of-nimruz-province-seizes-capital.php |archive-date=6 August 2021}}</ref> Sebagian besar unggahan di media sosial menampilkan gerilyawan Taliban yang disambut baik oleh beberapa penduduk di kota tersebut, di mana kota tersebut memiliki sejarah panjang pelanggaran hukum. Gambar yang muncul di media sosial menampilkan gerilyawan Taliban mengendarai Humvee yang telah direbutnya berikut SUV mewah dan mobil pikap di sepanjang jalanan kota sambil mengibarkan bendera Taliban selagi penduduk setempat—sebagian besar pemuda—bersorak kepada iring-iringan kendaraan tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mojaddidi |first=Mushtaq |date=7 August 2021 |title=Second Afghan city falls as Taliban tighten noose over countryside |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/second-afghan-city-falls-as-taliban-tighten-noose-over-countryside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809064534/https://www.timesofisrael.com/second-afghan-city-falls-as-taliban-tighten-noose-over-countryside/ |archive-date=9 August 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=www.timesofisrael.com}}</ref> Seorang utusan PBB juga memperingatkan bahwa Afganistan memasuki 'fase yang lebih mematikan' dari perang melawan Taliban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=War in Afghanistan enters 'deadlier' phase, UN envoy warns |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/6/war-in-afghanistan-entered-deadlier-phase-un-envoy-warns |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807041644/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/6/war-in-afghanistan-entered-deadlier-phase-un-envoy-warns |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Pemerintah Amerika Serikat dan Britania Raya memperingatkan warga negaranya untuk segera meninggalkan Afganistan di tengah kemajuan pergerakan Taliban dan memburuknya situasi keamanan di Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Welle (www.dw.com) |first=Deutsche |title=UK tells its nationals to leave Afghanistan immediately {{!}} DW {{!}} 7 August 2021 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/uk-tells-its-nationals-to-leave-afghanistan-immediately/a-58789804 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807131821/https://www.dw.com/en/uk-tells-its-nationals-to-leave-afghanistan-immediately/a-58789804 |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=DW.COM |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 August 2021 |title=US and Britain Ask Citizens to Leave Afghanistan |language=en |work=Voice of America |url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/us-and-britain-ask-citizens-leave-afghanistan |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808024838/https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/us-and-britain-ask-citizens-leave-afghanistan |archive-date=8 August 2021}}</ref>
Pada 7 Agustus, Taliban merebut [[Sheberghan]], menjadikannya sebagai ibu kota provinsi kedua yang direbut Taliban.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmad |first=Jail |title=Sheberghan: Taliban captures second Afghan provincial capital |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/7/taliban-advance-on-second-afghan-provincial-capital-in-24-hours |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807114221/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/7/taliban-advance-on-second-afghan-provincial-capital-in-24-hours |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=AlJazeera |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> [[Abdul Rashid Dostam]], seorang mantan panglima perang dan pemimpin kuat yang telah lama memimpin kota tersebut, membawa serta para pengikutnya untuk melarikan diri ke [[Distrik Khwaja Du Koh]], satu-satunya wilayah di Provinsi Jowzjan yang masih di bawah kekuasaan pemerintah. Sementara itu, pasukan pendukung pemerintah telah berkurang menjadi kantong perlawanan di Laskhargah, sedangkan Kandahar dan Herat masih dalam perebutan sengit antara pemerintah dan Taliban. Para pemberontak juga melancarkan serangan bertubi-tubi ke ibu kota provinsi lainnya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=7 August 2021 |title=Taliban takes second provincial capital |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-takes-second-provincial-capital.php |url-status=live |access-date=7 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807134309/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-takes-second-provincial-capital.php |archive-date=7 August 2021}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, pesawat pembom [[Boeing B-52 Stratofortress|B-52]] milik Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat melancarkan serangan udara melawan Taliban di Afganistan, terbang dari [[Pangkalan Udara Al Udeid]] di [[Qatar]].<ref name="Airstrikes-3">{{Cite news |last=Evans |first=Michael |date=7 August 2021 |title=US unleashes B-52s in bid to stem Taliban advance |work=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/us-sends-gunships-and-bombers-to-beat-back-taliban-pmf3j7wqq |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807224420/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/us-sends-gunships-and-bombers-to-beat-back-taliban-pmf3j7wqq |archive-date=7 August 2021}}</ref> Amerika Serikat juga mengerahkan pesawat nirawak [[MQ-9 Reaper|MQ-9]] yang dipersenjatai dan [[Lockheed AC-130|AC-130]] yang dilaporkan mulai melancarkan serangan melawan target di sekitar Kandahar, Herat, dan Lashkargah.<ref name="Airstrikes-3" /> Sebagian besar pertahanan darat di Lashkargah dan Kandahar yang tersisa diatur oleh ratusan anggota Komando Afganistan yang telah terkepung oleh para pemberontak. ''FDD's Long War Journal'' berpendapat bahwa jika Komando Afganistan kalah dari kepungan pemberontak di kedua kota tersebut, hal tersebut dapat menjadi kemunduran besar dalam hal efektivitas pasukan keamanan Afganistan di masa depan, karena para tentara yang menjadi anggota komando tersebut adalah pasukan tentara militer Afganistan yang paling terlatih dan bermotivasi tinggi.<ref name="Kunduz, Sar-i-Pul, Taloqan" /> [[USS Ronald Reagan|USS ''Ronald Reagan'']] meluncurkan pesawat jet yang berpangkalan di kapal induk tersebut untuk memberikan dukungan terhadap misi serangan tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2021 |title=US sends bombers to halt Taliban advance |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1907231/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809005209/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1907231/amp |archive-date=9 August 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Arab News}}</ref>
Pada 8 Agustus, Taliban merebut [[Kondoz|Kunduz]] dan [[Sar-e Pol]] setelah terlibat pertempuran besar melawan ANSF. Dalam pertempuran untuk merebut kedua kota tersebut, dilaporkan terjadi desersi massal tentara Afganistan, karena sebagian besar tentara Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan telah kehilangan motivasi perang oleh kecepatan dari kemajuan pergerakan pemberontak dan juga propaganda Taliban. Pasukan pendukung pemerintah hanya mampu mempertahankan pangkalan militer dan bandara Kunduz.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Latifi |first=Ali |title=Taliban captures Kunduz, third provincial capital in three days |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/8/taliban-captures-third-provincial-capital-in-three-days |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808073412/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/8/taliban-captures-third-provincial-capital-in-three-days |archive-date=8 August 2021 |access-date=8 August 2021 |website=Al Jazeera |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gibbons-Neff |first=Thomas |date=8 August 2021 |title=The Taliban seize Kunduz, a major city in northern Afghanistan. |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/08/world/asia/afghanistan-taliban-kunduz.html |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808075024/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/08/world/asia/afghanistan-taliban-kunduz.html |archive-date=8 August 2021}}</ref> [[BBC News]] menggambarkan perebutan Kunduz sebagai "pencapaian Taliban paling signifikan sejak Taliban melancarkan serangannya pada bulan Mei", karena Kunduz merupakan salah satu kota berpenduduk terbesar di Afganistan, terhubung dengan baik ke kota lainnya di Afganistan termasuk Kabul, dan dipandang sebagai salah satu jalur penyelundupan narkoba terbesar di Asia Tengah.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 August 2021 |title=Afghanistan war: Taliban capture city of Kunduz |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58135148 |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809064013/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58135148 |archive-date=9 August 2021}}</ref> Pertempuran untuk merebut Kunduz melibatkan [[Kelompok Merah|Satuan Merah]], pasukan gerak cepat elit Taliban, dan mengakibatkan ratusan tahanan yang beberapa di antaranya merupakan komandan Taliban bebas.<ref name="Kunduz, Sar-i-Pul, Taloqan" /> [[Taloqan]] juga direbut oleh Taliban di penghujung hari yang sama, menjadikannya sebagai ibu kota provinsi kelima yang jatuh ke pihak Taliban.<ref name="AFP8Aug">{{Cite news |date=8 August 2021 |title=Taliban seize three more Afghan provincial capitals in northern blitz |publisher=Yahoo |agency=AFP |url=https://news.yahoo.com/fighting-rages-centre-major-afghan-060418042.html |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808100425/https://news.yahoo.com/fighting-rages-centre-major-afghan-060418042.html |archive-date=8 August 2021}}</ref> Pasukan pemerintah terpaksa mundur dari pusat kota pasca tengah hari,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=8 August 2021 |title=Taliban takes control of Afghan provincial capitals of Kunduz, Sar-i-Pul and Taloqan {{!}} FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-takes-control-of-afghan-provincial-capitals-of-kunduz-and-sar-i-pul.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808150434/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-takes-control-of-afghan-provincial-capitals-of-kunduz-and-sar-i-pul.php |archive-date=8 August 2021 |access-date=8 August 2021 |website=www.longwarjournal.org |language=en-US}}</ref> merebut kembali [[Distrik Warsaj]] dan [[Distrik Farkhar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2021 |title=Fighting Underway in Balkh, Takhar Provinces |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174094 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809145108/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174094 |archive-date=9 August 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=TOLOnews |language=en}}</ref>
[[Berkas:Taliban fighters during 2021 offensive.png|jmpl|ki|Sejumlah militan Taliban beristirahat di sebuah desa, Agustus 2021.]]
Pada 9 Agustus, Taliban merebut [[Samangan|Aybak]], ibu kota [[Provinsi Samangan]].<ref name="pc6">{{Cite news |last=Latifi |first=Ali M |date=9 August 2021 |title=Taliban captures sixth Afghanistan provincial capital: Official |publisher=Al Jazeera English |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/9/taliban-captures-sixth-afghanistan-provincial-capital-official |url-status=live |access-date=9 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809120808/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/9/taliban-captures-sixth-afghanistan-provincial-capital-official |archive-date=9 August 2021}}</ref> Wakil Gubernur Provinsi Samangan Sefatullah Samangani mengatakan kepada kantor berita [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] bahwa pasukan pemerintah telah ditarik dari Aybak tanpa perlawanan setelah perwakilan masyarakat meminta agar tidak lagi terjadi kekerasan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 August 2021 |title=Afghanistan war: At least 27 children killed in three days, UN says |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58142983 |url-status=live |access-date=9 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809212201/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58142983 |archive-date=9 August 2021}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, Asif Azimi, seorang mantan senator dari Samangan dan panglima perang terkemuka dari [[Jamiat-e Islami]], menyerah kepada Taliban. Azimi mengatakan bahwa ratusan anggota di bawah komandonya juga telah menyerah kepada Taliban.<ref name="Asif Azimi" /> Presiden Ashraf Ghani dan para pemimpin politik lainnya juga sepakat untuk membentuk sebuah pusat komando gabungan untuk mengkoordinir dan membantu pasukan perlawanan dari lapisan masyarakat.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rahimi |first=Zahra |date=9 August 2021 |title=Ghani, Political Leaders Agree on Public Forces Command Center |url=https://tolonews.com/index.php/afghanistan-174108 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810144811/https://tolonews.com/index.php/afghanistan-174108 |archive-date=10 August 2021 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=TOLOnews |language=en}}</ref>
Pertempuran semakin menjadi di sekitar Mazari Sharif pada 10 Agustus. Di [[Farah, Afganistan|Farah]], ibu kota [[Provinsi Farah]], Taliban mengambil alih kendali kompleks kantor gubernur setelah terlibat pertempuran besar dengan pasukan pemerintah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2021 |title=Taliban control 65% of Afghanistan, EU official says, after series of sudden gains |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taliban-tighten-control-afghan-north-residents-weigh-options-2021-08-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810145421/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taliban-tighten-control-afghan-north-residents-weigh-options-2021-08-10/ |archive-date=10 August 2021 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Taliban juga mengambil alih kendali kantor pusat polisi dan penjara. Meskipun pertempuran besar terus berlanjut, Farah pada akhirnya menjadi ibu kota provinsi ketujuh yang jatuh ke pihak Taliban.<ref name="pc7">{{Cite news |title=Taliban seizes seventh Afghan provincial capital in five days |language=en |work=www.aljazeera.com |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/10/taliban-seizes-farah-seventh-provincial-afghan-capital-in-five-days |url-status=live |access-date=10 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810144657/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/10/taliban-seizes-farah-seventh-provincial-afghan-capital-in-five-days |archive-date=10 August 2021}}</ref> [[Pol-e Khomri]], ibu kota [[Provinsi Baghlan]], juga jatuh ke pihak Taliban pada hari yang sama.<ref name="Makoii&Beaumont">{{Cite web |last=Makoii |first=Akhtar Mohammad |last2=Beaumont |first2=Peter |date=10 August 2021 |title=Taliban fighters capture Afghan city at strategic junction north of Kabul |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/10/taliban-fighters-capture-afghan-city-at-strategic-junction-north-of-kabul |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810182147/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/10/taliban-fighters-capture-afghan-city-at-strategic-junction-north-of-kabul |archive-date=10 August 2021 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2021 |title=Taliban seizes eighth provincial capital, Pul-e-Khumri in Baghlan |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WN-Vy4wIqlQ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810183216/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=WN-Vy4wIqlQ&feature=youtu.be |archive-date=10 August 2021 |access-date=10 August 2021 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]]}}</ref>
Pada 11 Agustus, [[Fayzabad, Badakhshan|Fayzabad]] yang merupakan ibu kota [[Provinsi Badakhshan]] menjadi ibu kota provinsi kesembilan yang jatuh ke pihak Taliban. Setelah Taliban mencapai gerbang masuk kota, pasukan pemerintah memutuskan untuk mundur ke [[Distrik Farkhar]] dan bergabung dengan pasukan keamanan di sana yang takluk dari Taliban dalam kejatuhan kota Taloqan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2021 |title=Taliban captures 9th provincial capital in a week in Afghanistan |url=https://www.laprensalatina.com/taliban-captures-9th-provincial-capital-in-a-week-in-afghanistan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811105411/https://www.laprensalatina.com/taliban-captures-9th-provincial-capital-in-a-week-in-afghanistan/ |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=La Prensa Latina Media |language=en-US |agency=EFE}}</ref> Sebelum invasi Amerika Serikat di Afganistan, Fayzabad telah menjadi lokasi kantor pusat [[Aliansi Utara]].<ref name="pc9">{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=10 August 2021 |title=Former headquarters of Northern Alliance falls under Taliban control |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/former-headquarters-of-northern-alliance-falls-under-taliban-control.php |url-status=live |access-date=11 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810213946/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/former-headquarters-of-northern-alliance-falls-under-taliban-control.php |archive-date=10 August 2021}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, Taliban merebut [[Bandar Udara Kunduz]] dan sebuah pangkalan militer milik [[Korps ke-217 (Afganistan)|Korps Pamir ke-217]] pasca menyerahnya ratusan tentara Afganistan, sehingga mengamankan kendali Taliban atas peralatan militer mereka di Kunduz. Pangkalan militer tersebut bertanggung jawab atas keamanan Provinsi Kunduz, Takhar, dan Badakhshan, dan juga merupakan salah satu pangkalan militer di Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Noori |first=Qiam |last2=Hesam |first2=Hesamuddin |last3=Dpa |date=12 August 2021 |title=Mass surrender gives Taliban Afghan base |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7382348/mass-surrender-gives-taliban-afghan-base/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811181020/https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7382348/mass-surrender-gives-taliban-afghan-base/ |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=The Canberra Times |language=en-AU}}</ref> Peristiwa kejatuhan tersebut semakin menurunkan moral tentara Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan, dan secara efektif membuat serangan balasan yang dilakukan Pemerintah Afganistan untuk membebaskan Mazari Sharif menjadi tidak memungkinkan.<ref name="headquarters, 2 airports">{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=11 August 2021 |title=Taliban seizes Afghan Army corps headquarters, 2 northern airports |work=Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-seizes-afghan-army-corps-headquarters-2-northern-airports.php |url-status=live |access-date=13 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812160555/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-seizes-afghan-army-corps-headquarters-2-northern-airports.php |archive-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> Kantor berita Jerman [[Deutsche Presse-Agentur]] (dpa) mengutip pernyataan dua anggota dewan setempat yang mengatakan bahwa seluruh anggota Korps Pamir ke-217 menyerah kepada pasukan Taliban di Kunduz. Seorang juru bicara Taliban juga mengunggah sebuah video di jejaring sosial [[Twitter]] yang konon menampilkan tentara pemerintah bergabung dengan jajaran Taliban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2021 |title=U.S. Says No Afghan Outcome 'Inevitable' As Taliban Captures Strategic Targets In North |url=https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/afghanistan-taliban-ghani-security/31404020.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811064227/https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/afghanistan-taliban-ghani-security/31404020.html |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=RFE/RL |language=en}}</ref> Para pasukan tentara Korps Pamir ke-217 yang tekepung bertahan selama tiga hari sebelum menyerah; sebagian besar peralatan militer direbut oleh para pemberontak di pangkalan tersebut dan juga di bandara.<ref name="headquarters, 2 airports" /> Selain itu, posisi Kepala Staf Angkatan Darat Afganistan diserahkan kepada Jenderal Haibatullah Alizai, yang menggantikan Jenderal Wali Mohammad Ahmadzai yang hanya mengemban posisi tersebut selama 53 hari.<ref name="Chief of Staff">{{Cite web |date=11 August 2021 |title=Afghan president replaces Army chief |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/mideast-africa/2021/08/11/afghan-president-replaces-army-chief/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812162116/https://www.defensenews.com/global/mideast-africa/2021/08/11/afghan-president-replaces-army-chief/ |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=Defense News}}</ref>
Pada 12 Agustus, Taliban merebut [[Ghazni]], menjadikannya sebagai ibu kota provinsi kesepuluh yang jatuh ke pihak Taliban dalam kurun waktu satu minggu. Ghazni terletak di sepanjang [[Jalan Raya Kabul–Kandahar|jalan raya Kabul–Kandahar]] dan menjadi gerbang masuk antara Kabul dan benteng-benteng di daerah selatan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2021 |title=Taliban take strategic Ghazni city as Afghan army chief is replaced |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/12/afghanistan-taliban-lashkar-gah--army-chief-is-replaced |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812083506/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/12/afghanistan-taliban-lashkar-gah--army-chief-is-replaced |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Varshalomidze |first=Tamila |date=12 August 2021 |title=Taliban captures Ghazni city, all government officials flee: Live |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/12/afghanistan-taliban-kandahar-prison-police-ghazni-live-updates |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812162117/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/12/afghanistan-taliban-kandahar-prison-police-ghazni-live-updates |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2021 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]]}}</ref><ref name="pc10">{{Cite news |date=12 August 2021 |title=Taliban move closer to capital after taking Ghazni city |publisher=France24 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210812-taliban-move-closer-to-capital-after-taking-ghazni-city |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812162108/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210812-taliban-move-closer-to-capital-after-taking-ghazni-city |archive-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> Gubernur Provinsi Ghazni kemudian ditangkap di [[Provinsi Maidan Wardak]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 August 2021 |title=Taliban seizes Ghazni, Afghan gov't offers 'share in power': Live |agency=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/12/afghanistan-taliban-kandahar-prison-police-ghazni-live-updates |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812162117/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/12/afghanistan-taliban-kandahar-prison-police-ghazni-live-updates |archive-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, pemerintah pusat menawarkan proposal untuk "membagi kekuasaan" sebagai pengganti gencatan senjata; Taliban menolak tawaran tersebut dengan menyatakan bahwa pihaknya ingin mendirikan keamiran Islam yang baru.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Janjua |first=Haroon |last2=Tomlinson |first2=Hugh |date=13 August 2021 |title=Taliban fight on after rejecting Afghanistan power-sharing deal |language=en |work=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/taliban-offered-a-share-of-power-to-end-fighting-in-afghanistan-83hsmnkj0 |url-status=live |access-date=13 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813113824/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/taliban-offered-a-share-of-power-to-end-fighting-in-afghanistan-83hsmnkj0 |archive-date=13 August 2021 |issn=0140-0460}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama pula, terjadi peristiwa kejatuhan [[Pangkalan Udara Shindand]] yang strategis di Herat<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trofimov |first=Yaroslav |last2=Cullison |first2=Alan |last3=Amiri |first3=Ehsanullah |date=12 August 2021 |title=Afghan Taliban Seize Herat, Move Into Kandahar After Taking Ghazni |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/afghan-taliban-seize-herat-move-into-kandahar-after-taking-ghazni-11628789620 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813232750/https://www.wsj.com/articles/afghan-taliban-seize-herat-move-into-kandahar-after-taking-ghazni-11628789620 |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> dan perebutan dua helikopter UH-60 yang ditempatkan di pangkalan udara tersebut.<ref name="Blackhawk" /> Pada malam hari itu, Herat, kota terbesar ketiga di Afganistan, jatuh ke pihak Taliban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban take Herat as Afghan forces retreat; insurgents capture gateway Ghazni |url=https://news.yahoo.com/taliban-move-closer-capital-taking-060729234.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812064431/https://news.yahoo.com/taliban-move-closer-capital-taking-060729234.html |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2021 |website=news.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Kejatuhan Herat]] pasca pengepungan selama dua minggu memaksa Ismail Khan dan pejabat tinggi pemerintah lainnya beserta pasukan tentara untuk mencari perlindungan di bandara di provinsi tersebut dan juga korps tentara di luar kota Herat.<ref name="Surrender-1" /> Pada pagi hari keesokan harinya, Khan bersama dengan Abdul Rahman Rahman, wakil menteri dalam negeri, dan Hasib Sediqi, Kepala [[Direktorat Keamanan Nasional]] di Herat, menyerah kepada Taliban. Komandan [[Korps ke-207 (Afganistan)|Korps Zafar ke-207]] Khyal Nabi Ahmadzai<ref name="Surrender-2">{{Cite web |last=Irfan |first=Muhammad |date=13 August 2021 |title=Taliban Claim High-Ranking Officials In Seized Herat Province Join Their Ranks |url=https://www.urdupoint.com/en/amp/world/taliban-claim-high-ranking-officials-in-seize-1325861.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813235157/https://www.urdupoint.com/en/amp/world/taliban-claim-high-ranking-officials-in-seize-1325861.html |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=UrduPoint}}</ref><ref name="Surrender-3">{{Cite web |last=Ritchie |first=Hannah |date=13 August 2021 |title=Senior Afghan officials join Taliban ranks in Herat after city falls |url=https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/afghanistan-taliban-us-troops-intl-08-13-21/h_7c0b989e7e486f763b35aedda429e6f5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813213002/https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/afghanistan-taliban-us-troops-intl-08-13-21/h_7c0b989e7e486f763b35aedda429e6f5 |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> dan ribuan pasukan pemerintah juga menyerah kepada Taliban.<ref name="Surrender-1" /> Menurut para pejabat setempat, seluruh korps tentara Afganistan di kota Herat hancur.<ref>{{Cite web |last=George |first=Susannah |last2=Mehrdad |first2=Ezzatullah |last3=Pannett |first3=Rachel |last4=Hudson |first4=John |date=13 August 2021 |title=Mass Afghan government surrenders as Taliban fighters overrun three key cities in sweeping territorial gains |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/08/13/afghanistan-taliban-advance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813223908/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/08/13/afghanistan-taliban-advance/ |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiley |first=Sam |date=14 August 2021 |title=Analysis: Ghani statement may have been testing the waters |url=https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/afghanistan-taliban-us-troops-intl-08-14-21/h_a9bc1befa77be5fa7a311fece1c38c09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815190106/https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/afghanistan-taliban-us-troops-intl-08-14-21/h_a9bc1befa77be5fa7a311fece1c38c09 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=CNN |language=en |quote=His surrender caused a whole Afghan Army Corp to change sides, or at least lay down their weapons.}}</ref> Pada saat ini, Taliban telah mengendalikan 11 dari 34 ibu kota provinsi di Afganistan.<ref name="bbc-herat">{{Cite news |date=12 August 2021 |title=Afghanistan: Taliban take 11th provincial capital as Ghazni and Herat fall |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-58184202 |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812174041/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-58184202 |archive-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> Taliban juga telah melancarkan serangan ke ibu kota [[Provinsi Badghis]], [[Qala i Naw, Badghis|Qala i Naw]], dan pada akhirnya merebut kota tersebut setelah gagal melakukannya di bulan Juli.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharif |first=Hussein |date=12 August 2021 |title=Afghanistan Collapse Accelerates as 2 Vital Cities Near Fall to Taliban |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/12/world/asia/kandahar-afghanistan-taliban.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812174047/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/12/world/asia/kandahar-afghanistan-taliban.html |archive-date=12 August 2021 |ref=The insurgents now control over half of the country’s 400-odd districts. And with the fall of Kandahar and Herat, along with another provincial capital south of Kabul, Ghazni, and one in the northwest, Qala-e-Naw — all on Thursday — the insurgents will control 13 provincial capitals.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 August 2021 |title=Afghanistan: Major cities fall to Taliban amid heavy fighting |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58184202 |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812192131/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58184202 |archive-date=12 August 2021}}</ref>
Sepanjang malam di hari yang sama, [[Pertempuran Kandahar (2021)|Kandahar direbut]] oleh Taliban: pertempuran besar di sekitar kota Kandahar berujung pada perebutan Kandahar oleh Taliban dan penarikan pasukan [[Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan]], dan meningkatkan jumlah ibu kota provinsi yang dikendalikan Taliban menjadi 13 ibu kota provinsi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akhgar |first=Tameem |date=12 August 2021 |title=Taliban take Kandahar, Herat in major Afghanistan offensive |url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-afghanistan-taliban-26d485963b7a0d9f2107afcbc38f239a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812043017/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-afghanistan-taliban-26d485963b7a0d9f2107afcbc38f239a |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2021 |website=Apnews |publisher=APNews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Goldbaum |first=Christina |date=12 August 2021 |title=Afghanistan Collapse Accelerates as 2 Vital Cities Near Fall to Taliban |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/12/world/asia/kandahar-afghanistan-taliban.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812174047/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/12/world/asia/kandahar-afghanistan-taliban.html |archive-date=12 August 2021}}</ref>
Setelah pertempuran selama berminggu-minggu dalam [[Pertempuran Laskhargah]], Taliban merebut [[Lashkargah]], ibu kota [[Provinsi Helmand]], pada 13 Agustus.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Birsel |first=Robert |date=13 August 2021 |title=Taliban capture Afghanistan's Lashkar Gah, capital of Helmand – police official |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taliban-capture-afghanistans-lashkar-gah-capital-helmand-police-official-2021-08-13/ |url-status=live |access-date=13 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813112441/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taliban-capture-afghanistans-lashkar-gah-capital-helmand-police-official-2021-08-13/ |archive-date=13 August 2021}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, Taliban merebut [[Chaghcharan]], ibu kota [[Provinsi Ghōr]].<ref name="AJTaliban">{{Cite web |last=Varshalomidze |first=Tamila |title=Afghanistan: Taliban seizes Lashkar Gah; US, UK evacuate citizens |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/13/afghanistan-taliban-herat-kandahar-kabul-cities-live-updates |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815183741/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/13/afghanistan-taliban-herat-kandahar-kabul-cities-live-updates |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Para pejabat pemerintah mengatakan kota Chaghcharan jatuh tanpa perlawanan, menjadikannya sebagai ibu kota provinsi kelima belas yang jatuh ke pihak Taliban dalam kurun waktu satu minggu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2021 |title=Les talibans capturent la ville de Lashkar Gah, dans le sud de l'Afghanistan : en direct {{!}} Nouvelles des talibans |url=https://news.fr-24.com/international/146618.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813112453/https://news.fr-24.com/international/146618.html |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=News FR – 24 |language=en-us}}</ref> Chaghcharan memiliki populasi sebanyak hampir 132.000 orang.<ref name="AJTaliban" /> Pada hari yang sama pula, Taliban merebut [[Puli Alam]], [[Qalati Ghilji|Qalat]], dan [[Tarinkot]], masing-masing merupakan ibu kota Provinsi [[Provinsi Logar|Logar]], [[Provinsi Zabul|Zabul]], dan [[Provinsi Oruzgan|Oruzgan]].<ref name="APNews" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=DelhiAugust 13 |first=Geeta Mohan New |last2=August 13 |first2=2021UPDATED |last3=Ist |first3=2021 14:33 |title=After Kandahar, Taliban capture Logar province, only 90 km from Afghanistan capital Kabul |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/after-kandahar-taliban-capture-logar-province-near-kabul-1840424-2021-08-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813112510/https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/after-kandahar-taliban-capture-logar-province-near-kabul-1840424-2021-08-13 |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Para pendukung setia pemerintah menempatkan sejumlah pertahanan di Provinsi Logar sebelum akhirnya dikalahkan oleh Taliban, sedangkan Provinsi Zabul dan Oruzgan menyerah kepada para pemberontak hanya setelah para pembela setempat menilai situasi mereka tidak dapat dipertahankan lagi dan memilih untuk mundur. Kota Qalat dan Chaghcharan jatuh tanpa perlawanan apa pun. Qalat telah kehilangan pembela setempatnya karena mereka dikirim ke Kandahar, dan para pejabat di Chaghcharan memilih untuk menegosiasikan pengambilalihan daripada "didorong oleh serangan Taliban". ''FDD's Long War Journal'' berpendapat bahwa kejatuhan ibu kota provinsi tersebut memungkinkan Taliban untuk mengepung Kabul, dan menggambarkan Pemerintah Afganistan sedang berada di "ambang kehancuran".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=13 August 2021 |title=Afghan government on verge of collapse as Taliban capture 4 more cities |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/afghan-government-on-verge-of-collapse-as-taliban-capture-4-more-cities.php |url-status=live |access-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813234145/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/afghan-government-on-verge-of-collapse-as-taliban-capture-4-more-cities.php |archive-date=13 August 2021}}</ref>
[[Berkas:President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_hold_a_video_conference_with_the_national_security_team_to_discuss_the_ongoing_efforts_to_draw_down_our_civilian_footprint_in_Afghanistan.jpg|jmpl|Presiden AS [[Joe Biden]] dalam sebuah konferensi melalui video dengan Wakil Presiden [[Kamala Harris]] dan tim [[Dewan Keamanan Nasional Amerika Serikat|Dewan Keamanan Nasional]] untuk membahas situasi di Afganistan, 14 Agustus 2021.]]
Pada 14 Agustus, Taliban merebut tujuh ibu kota provinsi; [[Gardez]], [[Sharana]], [[Asadabad, Afghanistan|Asadabad]], [[Maymana, Faryab|Maymana]], [[Mihtarlam]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2021 |title=Afghan MP: Taliban capture city northeast of Kabul |url=https://www.worldnationnews.com/afghan-mp-taliban-capture-city-northeast-of-kabul/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815183744/https://www.worldnationnews.com/afghan-mp-taliban-capture-city-northeast-of-kabul/ |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=World Nation News |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Nili, Daykundi|Nili]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghan lawmaker says central province of Daykundi surrendered to Taliban, with only two gunshots heard in capital, Nili |url=https://www.startribune.com/afghan-lawmaker-says-central-province-of-daykundi-surrendered-to-taliban-with-only-two-gunshots-hea/600087899/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814192201/https://www.startribune.com/afghan-lawmaker-says-central-province-of-daykundi-surrendered-to-taliban-with-only-two-gunshots-hea/600087899/ |archive-date=14 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Star Tribune}}</ref> dan [[Mazari Sharif]] yang merupakan kota terbesar keempat di Afganistan. Dua panglima perang anti-Taliban yang terkenal sejak lama, yaitu Abdul Rashid Dostam dan [[Atta Muhammad Nur]], meninggalkan Afganistan menuju Uzbekistan.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Trofimov |first=Yaroslav |last2=Amiri |first2=Ehsanullah |date=14 August 2021 |title=As Taliban Encircle Kabul, Afghan President Says He Seeks to Avoid Further Bloodshed |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/afghan-president-ashraf-ghani-says-he-wants-to-avoid-bloodshed-as-taliban-encircle-kabul-11628939781 |url-status=live |access-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814143335/https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/afghan-president-ashraf-ghani-says-he-wants-to-avoid-bloodshed-as-taliban-encircle-kabul-11628939781 |archive-date=14 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2021 |title=Alert: Afghan lawmaker says the capital of Laghman province, northeast of Kabul, has fallen to the Taliban without a fight |url=https://www.theintelligencer.com/news/article/Alert-Afghan-lawmaker-says-the-capital-of-16387310.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815183814/https://www.theintelligencer.com/news/article/Alert-Afghan-lawmaker-says-the-capital-of-16387310.php |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=The Edwardsville Intelligencer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban capture key northern city, approach Afghan capital |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/taliban-capture-key-northern-city-approach-afghan-capital/2141570 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815183757/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/taliban-capture-key-northern-city-approach-afghan-capital/2141570 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Outlook India}}</ref> Abas Ebrahimzada, seorang anggota parlemen dari [[Provinsi Balkh]], mengatakan bahwa di kota [[Mazari Sharif]], tentara Angkatan Darat sudah terlebih dahulu menyerah, yang menyebabkan milisi pendukung pemerintah dan pasukan lainnya kehilangan moral dan menyerah di hadapan serangan Taliban di kota tersebut. Pasca kejatuhan Mazari Sharif, Atta Muhammad Nur mengunggah sebuah pernyataan di jejaring sosial [[Facebook]] bahwa kekalahannya di Mazari Sharif telah direncanakan dan menganggap pasukan pemerintah bertanggung jawab atas kekalahan tersebut. Nur tidak menjelaskan siapa di balik konspirasi tersebut maupun memberikan rincian mengenai konspirasi tersebut, selain mengatakan bahwa ia dan Dostam berada di tempat yang aman.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seir |first=Ahmad |last2=Akhgar |first2=Tameem |last3=Faiez |first3=Rahim |last4=Krauss |first4=Joseph |date=14 August 2021 |title=Taliban capture key northern city, approach Afghan capital |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-taliban-f600d6faf28e9c2ccb454ad176987b19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814185746/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-taliban-f600d6faf28e9c2ccb454ad176987b19 |archive-date=14 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, pasukan Taliban juga memasuki [[Maidan Shar]], ibu kota [[Provinsi Maidan Wardak|Provinsi Maidan Wadak]]. Pada titik ini, para pemberontak telah mengepung sekeliling Kabul, sementara Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan telah jatuh ke dalam kekacauan setelah kekalahannya yang cepat di seluruh Afganistan. Hanya [[Korps ke-201 (Afganistan)|Korps ke-201]] dan Divisi ke-111 yang tersisa untuk operasional Angkatan Darat, di mana keduanya berbasis di Kabul.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=14 August 2021 |title=Taliban encircling Afghan capital Kabul, prepping final assault through east |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-encircling-afghan-capital-kabul-prepping-final-assault-through-east.php |url-status=live |access-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814180839/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-encircling-afghan-capital-kabul-prepping-final-assault-through-east.php |archive-date=14 August 2021}}</ref>
Pada awal hari tanggal 15 Agustus, Taliban masuk ke [[Jalalabad]], ibu kota [[Provinsi Nangarhar]], tanpa adanya perlawanan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 August 2021 |title=Taliban take Afghanistan's Jalalabad city without a fight – officials |language=en-CA |work=National Post |agency=Reuters |url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/taliban-take-afghanistans-jalalabad-city-without-a-fight-officials |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815183742/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/taliban-take-afghanistans-jalalabad-city-without-a-fight-officials |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> Masuknya Taliban ke Jalalabad menjadikan kota tersebut sebagai ibu kota provinsi keduapuluh enam yang jatuh ke pihak Taliban, dan menyisakan Kabul sebagai kota besar terakhir yang masih di bawah kendali Pemerintah Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Taliban gains control of Jalalabad, one of two cities in Afghan control |language=en-US |work=Jerusalem Post |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/taliban-gains-control-of-jalalabad-one-of-two-last-cities-in-afghan-control-676733 |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815024827/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/taliban-gains-control-of-jalalabad-one-of-two-last-cities-in-afghan-control-676733 |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> Tidak lama setelah kejatuhan Jalalabad, kota Maidan Shar,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Officials: Taliban hold all of Afghanistan's border posts |language=en-US |work=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/taliban-seize-jalalabad-cut-off-afghan-capital-from-east/2021/08/14/131e00aa-fd75-11eb-911c-524bc8b68f17_story.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815183820/https://www.washingtonpost.com/taliban-seize-jalalabad-cut-off-afghan-capital-from-east/2021/08/14/131e00aa-fd75-11eb-911c-524bc8b68f17_story.html |archive-date=15 August 2021 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> [[Khost]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban militants seize Maidan Shar city, west of Afghan capital: spokesman – Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-08/15/c_1310128191.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815071926/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-08/15/c_1310128191.htm |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=www.xinhuanet.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2021 |title=The Latest: Militants take provincial capital of Khost |url=https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-kabul-taliban-1794266cda1492f4128363572bc2cff6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815074311/https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-kabul-taliban-1794266cda1492f4128363572bc2cff6 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> [[Bamyan, Afganistan|Bamiyan]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Afghan civilians who helped Kiwis fear for their lives at hands of Taliban |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/afghanistan-afghan-civilians-who-helped-kiwis-fear-for-their-lives-at-hands-of-taliban/6E3L5DDV25XU3AW3QIDPOBJE2U/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815090630/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/afghanistan-afghan-civilians-who-helped-kiwis-fear-for-their-lives-at-hands-of-taliban/6E3L5DDV25XU3AW3QIDPOBJE2U/ |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref> [[Mahmud-i-Raqi]],<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=15 August 2021 |title=Mapping Taliban Contested and Controlled Districts in Afghanistan |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/mapping-taliban-control-in-afghanistan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712004314/https://www.longwarjournal.org/mapping-taliban-control-in-afghanistan |archive-date=12 July 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> Charikar,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Taliban enter Kabul, await 'peaceful transfer' of power |url=https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-taliban-kabul-bagram-e1ed33fe0c665ee67ba132c51b8e32a5 |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815120025/https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-taliban-kabul-bagram-e1ed33fe0c665ee67ba132c51b8e32a5 |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> dan [[Parun]]<ref name="auto2" /> juga jatuh ke pihak Taliban. Komando Afganistan berhasil mengevakuasi [[Bandar Udara Internasional Kandahar]] pada hari yang sama; bandara tersebut masih dipertahankan oleh pendukung pemerintah hingga titik ini.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morgan |first=Wesley |date=16 August 2021 |title=He spent his adult life helping U.S. soldiers. Now, he's desperately fleeing Afghanistan |work=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/08/16/afghan-translator-escape-kabul/ |url-status=live |access-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816183905/https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/08/16/afghan-translator-escape-kabul/ |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> Pasukan keamanan menyerahkan [[Lapangan Terbang Bagram]] kepada Taliban; lapangan terbang tersebut merupakan rumah bagi sekitar 5.000 gerilyawan Taliban dan [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|NIIS]] yang ditahan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mistlin (now) |first=Alex |last2=Sullivan (earlier) |first2=Helen |last3=Harding |first3=Luke |last4=Harding |first4=Luke |last5=Borger |first5=Julian |last6=Mason |first6=Rowena |date=15 August 2021 |title=Afghanistan: Kabul to shift power to 'transitional administration' after Taliban enter city – live updates |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2021/aug/15/afghanistan-taliban-close-in-on-kabul-as-last-government-stronghold-in-north-falls |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815103044/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2021/aug/15/afghanistan-taliban-close-in-on-kabul-as-last-government-stronghold-in-north-falls |archive-date=15 August 2021 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, otoritas Uzbekistan menahan 84 tentara Afganistan yang melintasi perbatasan, dan memberikan pertolongan medis kepada para tentara yang ditahan dan sebuah kelompok tentara yang telah berkumpul di sisi wilayah Afganistan dari jembatan Termez–Hairatan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2021 |title=Uzbekistan says it detains 84 Afghan servicemen who crossed border |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/uzbekistan-says-it-detains-84-afghan-servicemen-who-crossed-border-2021-08-15/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815044327/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/uzbekistan-says-it-detains-84-afghan-servicemen-who-crossed-border-2021-08-15/ |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref>
Pada 16 Agustus, [[Aktivitas CIA di Afganistan|Pasukan Pelindung Khost]] (KPF), sebuah satuan milisi yang dibentuk oleh [[CIA]] di tahun-tahun pertama invasi Amerika Serikat di Afganistan, menyerah kepada pasukan Taliban di timur Afganistan setelah berupaya untuk melarikan diri ke [[Provinsi Paktia]]. Menurut laporan dari seorang wartawan yang dikutip oleh [[Interfax]], sekitar 6.000 prajurit KPF dalam 1.200 kendaraan menyerah kepada Taliban, dengan video detik-detik penyerahan teresebut diunggah melalui media sosial.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=US-created special forces surrender to Taliban in Khost province |work=Interfax |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/784770 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816202716/https://www.interfax.ru/world/784770 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |accessdate=17 August 2021}}</ref>
===Pengangkutan udara oleh NATO===
{{main|Operasi Allies Refuge|Operasi Pitting}}
[[Berkas:Personnel are deploying to assist with the drawdown of British nationals in Afghanistan.jpg|jmpl|Tentara Britania Raya yang dikerahkan ke Kabul untuk membantu proses penarikan NATO, 13 Agustus 2021.]]
Pada 12 Agustus, beberapa jam pasca kejatuhan [[Herat]], Pemerintah Amerika Serikat dan [[Britania Raya]] mengumumkan pengerahan masing-masing sebanyak 3.000 dan 600 pasukan tentara ke Bandara Kabul untuk mengamankan proses [[pengangkutan udara]] warga negaranya berikut staf kedutaan besar dan warga sipil Afganistan yang bekerja dengan pasukan koalisi untuk keluar dari Afganistan. Para pejabat pemerintah mengatakan bahwa pengerahan pertama akan dilakukan dalam kurun waktu 24 hingga 48 jam, dan pengerahan tersebut akan selesai pada akhir bulan Agustus. Menurut sumber tersebut, rencananya pengangkutan udara tersebut akan menggunakan [[Penyewaan udara|pesawat sewaan]] untuk melakukan evakuasi menggunakan Bandara Kabul yang saat itu masih dibuka untuk penerbangan komersial, tetapi pesawat militer akan digunakan jika situasi menjadi tidak memungkinkan. Menurut Pemerintah Britania Raya, proses evakuasi dan waktunya telah lama direncanakan, sedangkan seorang pejabat Pemerintah Afganistan mengatakan bahwa waktu evakuasi tersebut dimajukan mengingat situasi keamanan yang memburuk dengan cepat. Selain mengerahkan 3.000 pasukan tentara Amerika Serikat, sebanyak 3.500 pasukan tentara tambahan akan disiagakan di Kuwait jika situasi memburuk dengan terjadinya perlawanan senjata dengan Taliban.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ali |first=Idrees |last2=Landay |first2=Jonathan |date=12 August 2021 |title=U.S. to reduce Kabul embassy to core staff, add 3,000 troops to help |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/exclusive-us-evacuate-significant-number-employees-embassy-kabul-officials-2021-08-12/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812172621/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/exclusive-us-evacuate-significant-number-employees-embassy-kabul-officials-2021-08-12/ |archive-date=12 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sengupta |first=Kim |date=12 August 2021 |title=UK to send up to 600 troops to Afghanistan to help evacuate Britons as Taliban closes in on Kabul |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/uk-troops-afghanistan-evacuate-taliban-b1901714.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812190311/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/uk-troops-afghanistan-evacuate-taliban-b1901714.html |archive-date=12 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=US to send three battalions, two Marines, one Army to help evacuate embassy staff in Kabul | International |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/international/1691130-us-to-send-three-battalions-two-marines-one-army-to-help-evacuate-embassy-staff-in-kabul |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813112440/https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/international/1691130-us-to-send-three-battalions-two-marines-one-army-to-help-evacuate-embassy-staff-in-kabul |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> Pemerintah Kanada mengumumkan bahwa unit pasukan khusus Kanada akan dikerahkan untuk mengevakuasi personel kedutaan besar di Kabul, yang menjadi tempat tinggal bagi keluarga Afganistan yang telah bekerja untuk staf kedutaan besar Kanada di masa lalu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canadian military preparing to evacuate Canadians from Afghanistan: Sources – National | Globalnews.ca |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8108721/canada-military-afghanistan-embassy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813060754/https://globalnews.ca/news/8108721/canada-military-afghanistan-embassy/ |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref> Pemerintah Denmark dan Norwegia mengumumkan penutupan kedutaan besar masing-masing negara di Kabul karena alasan keamanan dan berencana untuk mengevakuasi staf diplomatiknya beserta warga Afganistan yang telah bekerja untuk kedutaan besar masing-masing negara tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Latest: UN statement would urge end to Taliban offensive – The Washington Post<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/the-latest-nato-envoys-meet-on-taliban-blitz-in-afghanistan/2021/08/13/24ff4df8-fc42-11eb-911c-524bc8b68f17_story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813153119/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/the-latest-nato-envoys-meet-on-taliban-blitz-in-afghanistan/2021/08/13/24ff4df8-fc42-11eb-911c-524bc8b68f17_story.html |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref>
=== Kejatuhan Kabul ===
{{main|Kejatuhan Kabul (2021)}}
[[Berkas:Taliban Fighters in Kabul, August 17 2021 (cropped).png|jmpl|ki|Gerilyawan Taliban di ibu kota Afganistan, Kabul, 17 Agustus 2021.]]
Pada 15 Agustus, meskipun Taliban mengeluarkan pernyataan yang mengatakan bahwa "pihaknya tidak memiliki rencana untuk mengambil alih ibu kota negara Afganistan 'dengan paksa'", Taliban memasuki pinggiran kota Kabul dari beberapa penjuru, termasuk dari [[Distrik Kalakan]], [[Distrik Qarabagh, Kabul|Distrik Qarabagh]], dan [[Distrik Paghman]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Taliban enter Kabul from all sides |language=en |work=www.aljazeera.com |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/15/taliban-enter-kabul-from-all-sides |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815081408/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/15/taliban-enter-kabul-from-all-sides |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> Dilaporkan terjadi pemadaman listrik di seluruh Kabul dan adanya kemungkinan serangan dan pemberontakan narapidana di [[Penjara Pul-e-Charkhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Heavy fighting ongoing on the outskirts of Kabul as of early Aug. 15; a total blackout reported in the city |url=https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/513486/afghanistan-heavy-fighting-ongoing-on-the-outskirts-of-kabul-as-of-early-aug-15-a-total-blackout-reported-in-the-city |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815010510/https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/513486/afghanistan-heavy-fighting-ongoing-on-the-outskirts-of-kabul-as-of-early-aug-15-a-total-blackout-reported-in-the-city |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2021 |title=Kabul: US starts evacuating embassy as Taliban reach outskirts of Afghanistan capital |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/15/taliban-afghanistan-kabul-evacuations-jalalabad |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815081821/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/15/taliban-afghanistan-kabul-evacuations-jalalabad |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Beberapa helikopter [[Boeing CH-47 Chinook|CH-47]] dan [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|UH-60]] mulai mendarat di kedutaan besar Amerika Serikat di Kabul untuk melakukan evakuasi, dan para diplomat Amerika Serikat di kedutaan di Kabul dengan cepat merobek-robek sejumlah [[Informasi rahasia di Amerika Serikat|dokumen rahasia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban Fighters Enter Kabul As Helicopters Land At U.S. Embassy |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/08/15/1027806863/the-taliban-seize-jalalabad-cutting-off-kabul-to-the-east |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815113718/https://www.npr.org/2021/08/15/1027806863/the-taliban-seize-jalalabad-cutting-off-kabul-to-the-east |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=NPR.org |language=en}}</ref>
[[Kementerian Dalam Negeri Afganistan]] mengumumkan bahwa Presiden [[Ashraf Ghani]] telah memutuskan untuk melepaskan kekuasaannya dan sebuah pemerintahan sementara yang dipimpin oleh Taliban akan dibentuk;<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2021 |title=Afghan president to abdicate after Taliban entered Kabul: Sources |language=en |work=Al Arabiya English |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2021/08/15/Taliban-begin-offensive-on-Kabul-Interior-Ministry |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815074007/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2021/08/15/Taliban-begin-offensive-on-Kabul-Interior-Ministry |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> mantan presiden [[Hamid Karzai]] direncanakan akan menjadi bagian dari tim negosiasi tersebut.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2021 |title=Ghani, Political Leaders Agree to Form Team for Negotiations |agency=[[TOLO News]] |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174232 |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814163643/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174232 |archive-date=14 August 2021}}</ref> Taliban memerintahkan para gerilyawannya untuk menunggu pemindahan kekuasaan secara damai dan tidak memasuki Kabul secara paksa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2021 |title=Taliban Says It Will Not Enter Kabul by Force |agency=[[TOLO News]] |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174245 |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815095821/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174245 |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref>
Pada hari yang sama, dilaporkan bahwa Presiden Ashraf Ghani telah meninggalkan Afganistan menuju [[Tajikistan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Batchelor |first=Tom |date=15 August 2021 |title=Afghan president Ashraf Ghani flees capital Kabul for Tajikistan as Taliban enter city |work=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/central-asia/afghanistan-taliban-ashraf-ghani-flee-b1902917.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815164417/https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/central-asia/afghanistan-taliban-ashraf-ghani-flee-b1902917.html |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> Kepergian Ghani dari Afganistan dikritik oleh sebagian besar rakyat Afganistan dan pemerhati dari luar negeri.<ref name="Departure-1">{{Cite web |last=Latifi |first=Ali M. |date=15 August 2021 |title='Unpatriotic': Afghans slam President Ghani's swift departure |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/15/a-disgrace-people-in-afghanistan-slam-ghanis-swift-departure |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815232326/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/15/a-disgrace-people-in-afghanistan-slam-ghanis-swift-departure |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Departure-2">{{Cite web |date=16 August 2021 |title=God will hold him accountable: Afghans slam Ashraf Ghani's sudden departure |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/international/world-news-politics/god-will-hold-him-accountable-afghans-slam-ashraf-ghanis-sudden-departure-1020234.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816165854/https://www.deccanherald.com/international/world-news-politics/god-will-hold-him-accountable-afghans-slam-ashraf-ghanis-sudden-departure-1020234.html |archive-date=16 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Juru bicara kedutaan besar Rusia di Kabul Nikita Ishchenko mengklaim bahwa Ghani meninggalkan Afganistan dengan empat mobil dan helikopter yang penuh dengan uang.<ref name="cash-1">{{Cite web |last=Krishnankutty |first=Pia |date=16 August 2021 |title=President Ashraf Ghani fled Afghanistan with four cars, helicopter full of cash, Russia claims |url=https://theprint.in/world/president-ashraf-ghani-fled-afghanistan-with-four-cars-helicopter-full-of-cash-russia-claims/716479/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817003743/https://theprint.in/world/president-ashraf-ghani-fled-afghanistan-with-four-cars-helicopter-full-of-cash-russia-claims/716479/ |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=ThePrint}}</ref> Kemudian, berbicara dari Uni Emirat Arab, Ghani mengatakan bahwa ia meninggalkan Afganistan atas saran dari sejumlah pembantu pemerintah untuk menghindari hukuman gantung (mantan presiden Afganistan [[Mohammad Najibullah]] digantung di hadapan umum pada saat Taliban menggulingkan pemerintahannya di tahun 1996).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/18/world/middleeast/ashraf-ghani-afghanistan-taliban.html|title=Ashraf Ghani says he fled Afghanistan to avoid being lynched.|last=Gall|first=Carlotta|date=18 August 2021|work=The New York Times|access-date=22 August 2021}}</ref> Presiden Ghani membantah laporan yang menyebutkan bahwa dirinya membawa uang dalam jumlah yang besar, dengan mengatakan bahwa ia diperiksa oleh petugas bea cukai saat tiba di Uni Emirat Arab.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/exiled-ghani-says-he-left-kabul-prevent-bloodshed-did-not-take-money-2021-08-18/|title=Exiled Ghani says he left Kabul to prevent bloodshed, did not take money|date=19 August 2021|work=Reuters|access-date=22 August 2021}}</ref>
[[Berkas:CENTCOM arrives at Hamid Karzai International Airport Image 2 of 2.jpg|jmpl|Sejumlah warga Afganistan yang mengevakuasi diri dan tentara AS di dalam sebuah pesawat milik [[Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat|Angkatan Udara AS]] di [[Bandar Udara Internasional Kabul]] setelah Taliban merebut Kabul, 17 Agustus 2021.]]
Pada hari yang sama pula, sebuah [[EMB-314]] dari [[Angkatan Udara Afganistan]] dan sebuah [[Mikoyan MiG-29|MiG-29]] dari [[Angkatan Udara Uzbekistan]] terlibat tabrakan di udara dan jatuh di [[Provinsi Surxondaryo]] di Uzbekistan. Pilot kedua pesawat tersebut melontarkan diri dan mendarat dengan parasut.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=Границу с Узбекистаном пересекли 22 военных самолёта и 24 вертолёта Афганистана |publisher=Gazete Uzbekistan |url=https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2021/08/16/borders-uzbekistan |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816163049/https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2021/08/16/borders-uzbekistan/ |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> Sebelumnya di hari itu, Uzbekistan mengatakan bahwa pihaknya telah menahan 84 tentara Afganistan yang melintasi perbatasan untuk mencari pertolongan medis ketika melarikan diri dari serangan Taliban.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=Afghan military jet shot down by Uzbek air defences |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-military-jet-crashes-uzbekistan-report-2021-08-16/ |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816215009/http://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-military-jet-crashes-uzbekistan-report-2021-08-16/ |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref>
Pada 16 Agustus, dalam sebuah wawancara dengan [[Al Jazeera]], juru bicara Taliban Mohammad Naeem mengatakan bahwa perang di Afganistan telah berakhir. Naeem juga mengatakan bahwa Taliban telah meraih apa yang pihaknya inginkan; Taliban tidak akan membiarkan wilayah Afganistan digunakan untuk melawan siapa pun, dan Taliban juga tidak ingin menyakiti siapa pun.<ref name="End-1">{{Cite web |date=16 August 2021 |title=Taliban Declares "War Is Over" As It Takes Control Of Presidential Palace |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/taliban-spokesman-says-war-is-over-in-afghanistan-report-2511218 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816072930/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/taliban-spokesman-says-war-is-over-in-afghanistan-report-2511218 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |access-date=16 August 2021 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, kantor kejaksaan umum Uzbekistan mengatakan sebanyak 22 pesawat militer dan 24 helikopter yang membawa sekitar 585 tentara Afganistan telah tiba di Uzbekistan. Sekitar 158 tentara Afganistan juga melintasi perbatasan Afganistan–Uzbekistan dengan berjalan kaki.<ref name="Desert-2" />
Pentagon mengonfirmasi bahwa kepala [[Komando Pusat Amerika Serikat|CENTCOM]] di [[Qatar]], Jenderal [[Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr.]], telah bertemu dengan [[Taliban di Qatar|pemimpin Taliban]] yang berada di [[Doha]]. Para pejabat Taliban menyetujui persyaratan yang ditetapkan oleh McKenzie bagi para pengungsi untuk meninggalkan Afganistan menggunakan Bandara Kabul.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=US reaches deal with Taliban on evacuations: report |work=The Hill |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/middle-east-north-africa/568003-central-command-chief-taliban-leaders-reached |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816202032/https://thehill.com/policy/international/middle-east-north-africa/568003-central-command-chief-taliban-leaders-reached |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=US reaches deal with Taliban over evacuations from Kabul airport, report says |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/kabul-taliban-us-evacuations-airport-b1903493.html |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816220405/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/kabul-taliban-us-evacuations-airport-b1903493.html |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref>
Pada 23 Agustus, juru bicara Taliban [[Suhail Shaheen]] menyebut bahwa Taliban tidak akan memperpanjang batas waktu tanggal 31 Agustus bagi Amerika Serikat untuk menarik pasukan tentaranya dari Afganistan.<ref>{{cite news|date=23 August 2021|title=Taliban says it won't accept extension of evacuation mission in Afghanistan|url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/middle-east-north-africa/568977-taliban-says-it-wont-accept-extension-of-us|work=The Hill}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, direktur [[Badan Intelijen Pusat]] (CIA) [[William J. Burns (diplomat)|William J. Burns]] menggelar pertemuan rahasia di Kabul dengan pemimpin Taliban [[Abdul Ghani Baradar]], yang kembali ke Afganistan dari pengasingannya di Qatar, untuk membahas tenggat waktu penarikan militer Amerika Serikat dari Afganistan yang berakhir pada 31 Agustus.<ref>{{cite news|date=24 August 2021|title=CIA director met Taliban leader in Afghanistan on Monday -sources|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/cia-director-met-taliban-leader-kabul-monday-washington-post-reports-2021-08-24/|work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=24 August 2021|title=CIA chief secretly met with Taliban leader in Kabul: Report|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/24/cia-chief-held-secret-meeting-with-taliban-in-kabul-report|work=Al-Jazeera}}</ref>
==Kejahatan perang==
Pada 16 Juni di distrik [[Dawlat Abad, Faryab|Dawlat Abad]], sebanyak 22 anggota komando Pasukan Khusus Afganistan tanpa senjata dieksekusi mati oleh Taliban ketika mereka berupaya untuk menyerah kepada pasukan Taliban. Sebuah video mengenai peristiwa tersebut beredar secara luas dan ditayangkan oleh [[CNN]]. Samira Hamidi dari [[Amnesty International]] menggambarkan peristiwa tersebut sebagai "pembunuhan berdarah dingin terhadap tentara yang menyerah – sebuah kejahatan perang". Hamidi menyerukan penyelidikan terhadap peristiwa tersebut sebagai bagian dari [[Pengadilan Kriminal Internasional di Afganistan|penyelidikan Pengadilan Kriminal Internasional di Afganistan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coren |first=Anna |last2=Sidhu |first2=Sandi |last3=Lister |first3=Tim |last4=Bina |first4=Abdul Basir |date=2021-07-14 |title=Taliban fighters execute 22 Afghan commandos as they try to surrender |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/13/asia/afghanistan-taliban-commandos-killed-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=2021-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805235522/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/13/asia/afghanistan-taliban-commandos-killed-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-date=2021-08-05}}</ref>
Amnesty International mencatat sebuah peristiwa pembantaian kelompok minoritas Hazara oleh Taliban di awal bulan Juli di [[Provinsi Ghazni]] sebagai "indikator mengerikan".<ref name="HazaraMassacre">{{Cite news |date=20 August 2021 |title=Afghanistan: Taliban 'tortured and massacred' men from Hazara minority |agency=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58277463}}</ref> Para laki-laki dari kelompok Hazara secara acak ditembak dan disiksa hingga tewas, di mana salah satu korban diikat menggunakan syal yang dikenakan korban dan otot lengan korban dimutilasi, dan korban lainnya ditembak di bagian tubuhnya.<ref name="HazaraMassacre" />
Pada 6 Agustus, pasukan Taliban mengklaim bertanggung jawab atas peristiwa pada 5 Agustus, yaitu pembunuhan Dawa Khan Menapal, kepala pusat media dan informasi pemerintah di Kabul.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-08-06 |title=Head of Govt's Media, Information Center Assassinated |work=[[TOLOnews]] |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174017 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806155445/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174017 |archive-date=2021-08-06}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, selama proses perebutan [[Zaranj]] oleh Taliban, aktivis HAM Laal Gul Laal mengatakan bahwa eksekusi mati 30 tentara Afganistan oleh Taliban adalah sebuah kejahatan perang. Menurut [[TOLOnews]], sejumlah tentara disiksa terlebih dahulu sebelum mereka dibunuh oleh Taliban.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-08-20 |title=Taliban Captures Capital of Nimroz Province |work=[[TOLOnews]] |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174026 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806155403/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174026 |archive-date=2021-08-06}}</ref>
== Analisis ==
=== Strategi Taliban ===
Selama [[Perang Saudara Afganistan (1996–2001)]], perlawanan terkuat terhadap Taliban berasal dari wilayah utara Afganistan, di mana wilayah tersebut merupakan basis [[Aliansi Utara]]. Menurut [[Jaringan Analis Afganistan]], konsentrasi pasukan Taliban di wilayah utara kemungkinan merupakan upaya Taliban untuk mencegah terjadinya pembentukan Aliansi Utara kedua setelah pasukan Amerika Serikat ditarik dari Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 July 2021|title=A Quarter of Afghanistan's Districts Fall to the Taleban amid Calls for a 'Second Resistance'|url=https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/war-and-peace/a-quarter-of-afghanistans-districts-fall-to-the-taleban-amid-calls-for-a-second-resistance/|website=Afghanistan Analysts Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710093910/https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/war-and-peace/a-quarter-of-afghanistans-districts-fall-to-the-taleban-amid-calls-for-a-second-resistance/|archive-date=10 July 2021|access-date=10 July 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Andrew Watkins, analis senior Afganistan di [[International Crisis Group]], mengatakan bahwa tidak ada bukti bahwa Taliban telah meningkatkan kekuatannya untuk melakukan penyerangan, selain memanfaatkan beberapa orang dari 5.000 pemberontak yang sebelumnya telah dibebaskan.<ref name="manpower-1">{{Cite web|last=Trofimov|first=Yaroslav|date=14 August 2021|title=How the Taliban Overran the Afghan Army, Built by the U.S. Over 20 Years|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/afghanistan-army-collapse-taliban-11628958253|website=Wall Street Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815053445/https://www.wsj.com/articles/afghanistan-army-collapse-taliban-11628958253|archive-date=15 August 2021|access-date=15 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Watkins percaya skenario Taliban berubah begitu Amerika Serikat mengakhiri serangan udara di Afganistan. Watkins mengatakan dengan berakhirnya serangan udara Amerika Serikat, hal tersebut memberikan keleluasasaan pergerakan bagi para pemberontak dan mereka dapat kembali membentuk kelompoknya, merencanakan, dan memperkuat jalur pasokannya tanpa dihantui rasa takut dari serangan udara Amerika Serikat.<ref name="manpower-1" />
=== Masalah di pasukan Afganistan ===
Masalah umum yang diketahui di kalangan militer Afganistan adalah adanya sejumlah perwira Angkatan Darat Afganistan yang terkenal korup dan memimpin [[Tentara bayangan|batalyon bayangan]] serta membayar gaji para anggota batalyon tersebut.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Sisk|first=Richard|date=2 August 2019|title=Afghanistan Loses 42,000 Troops in Crackdown on 'Ghost Soldiers'|url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/08/02/afghanistan-loses-42000-troops-crackdown-ghost-soldiers.html|website=Military.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814222415/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/08/02/afghanistan-loses-42000-troops-crackdown-ghost-soldiers.html|archive-date=14 August 2021|access-date=15 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=13 August 2021|title=Ghost soldiers emblematic of a problem that has plagued Afghanistan's security for decades — corruption|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/international/ghost-soldiers-emblematic-of-a-problem-that-has-plagued-afghanistans-security-for-decades-corruption-1019270.html|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813140953/https://www.deccanherald.com/international/ghost-soldiers-emblematic-of-a-problem-that-has-plagued-afghanistans-security-for-decades-corruption-1019270.html|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=15 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam sebuah laporan tahun 2016, [[Inspektur Jenderal Khusus untuk Rekonstruksi Afganistan]] (SIGAR) mengatakan, "baik Amerika Serikat maupun sekutu Afganistannya tidak mengetahui seberapa banyak tentara dan polisi Afganistan yang benar-benar ada, seberapa banyak anggota yang sebenarnya tersedia untuk bertugas, atau, lebih jauh lagi, sifat sebenarnya dari kemampuan operasional mereka." Pada awal tahun 2019, sedikitnya 42.000 tentara bayangan dihapus dari daftar gaji Angkatan Darat Afganistan.<ref name=":0" />
Pada 30 Juli, sebuah laporan SIGAR mengatakan adanya "efek korosif dari korupsi di tubuh ANDSF, ketidakakuratan pada kekuatan sebenarnya dari pasukan Afganistan, kurangnya kesiapan tempur, keinginan untuk berperang, ketidakberlanjutan karena ketergantungan pada peralatan canggih, kurangnya fokus pada kemampuan tingkat menteri, dan kurangnya informasi penting, seperti penilaian kontrol distrik, yang dapat digunakan untuk membantu mengukur kinerja ANDSF dalam beberapa tahun terakhir".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction|date=30 July 2021|title=QUARTERLY REPORT TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS|url=https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/2021-07-30qr.pdf|page=62|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813114240/https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/2021-07-30qr.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=15 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Selama bertahun-tahun, [[Kementerian Pertahanan Amerika Serikat|Pentagon]] bertanggung jawab untuk membayarkan gaji secara langsung kepada tentara Afganistan.<ref name="unpaid">{{Cite web|date=15 August 2021|title=The Pentagon mistakes behind the rout of the Afghan army|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210815-the-pentagon-mistakes-behind-the-rout-of-the-afghan-army|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> Tanggung jawab pembayaran gaji tersebut diserahkan kepada Pemerintah Afganistan setelah Amerika Serikat mengumumkan rencana penarikan pasukannya pada bulan April. Sejak saat itu, beberapa anggota tentara Afganistan mengeluhkan mereka belum pernah dibayar selama berbulan-bulan, dan pada sebagian besar kasus, satuan mereka tidak lagi menerima makanan, pasokan, maupun amunisi.<ref name="unpaid" /> Jenderal [[Wesley K. Clark|Wesley Clark]], seorang mantan komandan sekutu tertinggi NATO, mengatakan kepada CNN bahwa sebagian besar tentara Afganistan bekerja di militer Afganistan hanya untuk mendapatkan gaji. Clark mengatakan bahwa militer Afganistan terdiri dari berbagai suku dan faksi yang secara historis saling bertentangan satu sama lain. Clark juga mengatakan bahwa trik lama yang digunakan militer Afganistan adalah memihak kepada pihak yang menang atau setidaknya menjauh dari pihak yang kalah, dan hal tersebut menjadi penyebab kehancuran dari militer Afganistan yang begitu cepat.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 August 2021|title=Former NATO commander speaks to CNN about the Taliban's takeover|url=https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/afghanistan-taliban-us-news-08-18-21/h_10d2c797318aff2a0d10497b762164d5|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref>
Pada 12 Agustus, sejumlah pakar kontra-terorisme internasional dan pejabat Pemerintah Amerika Serikat mengatakan kehancuran [[Pasukan Keamanan Nasional Afganistan]] (ANSF) yang begitu cepat ketika Amerika Serikat menarik pasukannya "seharusnya tidak mengejutkan". Menurut seorang pakar, Taliban telah mampu menggerakkan pasukan mereka secara bebas ke seluruh Afganistan setelah Perjanjian Doha dengan hampir tidak ada intervensi dari pasukan pemerintah Afganistan.<ref name="direction" /> Pada hari yang sama, mantan penasihat Amerika Serikat [[Vali Nasr]] mengatakan, "tidak ada jenis kepemimpinan apapun yang akan memberikan panglima perang setempat alasan mengapa mereka harus melawan Taliban. Jadi, semakin sering mereka melihat kemenangan Taliban yang tak terelakkan, maka akan semakin banyak kemenangan Taliban yang menjadi tak terelakkan, karena Taliban hanya memutus kesepakatannya sendiri dengan mereka".<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=12 August 2021|title=US deserves big share of blame for Afghanistan military disaster|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/12/afghanistan-us-military-analysis-biden-rumsfeld|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814200048/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/12/afghanistan-us-military-analysis-biden-rumsfeld|archive-date=14 August 2021|access-date=14 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Politisasi yang terjadi di militer Afganistan juga memungkinkan politisi yang tidak memenuhi syarat, tetapi setia kepada Presiden Ghani, untuk mengamankan jabatan penting di militer Afganistan.<ref name="350k-2" /> [[Hamdullah Mohib]], penasihat keamanan nasional Presiden Ghani, mengambil kendali langsung atas operasi militer, meskipun ia tidak memiliki pengalaman di dunia militer. Menurut beberapa pejabat senior pemerintah dan diplomat, perintah Mohib sering kali melewati rantai komando yang biasanya.<ref name="Mohib">{{Cite web|last=Labott|first=Elise|date=25 June 2021|title=Can Biden Save Ashraf Ghani?|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/06/25/biden-ashraf-ghani-afghan-government/|website=Foreign Policy|quote=Hamdullah Mohib, his national security advisor with no military experience of his own, set up a command center in Afghanistan’s National Security Council, appointing district commanders and police chiefs over the objection of local leaders—even going so far as to dictate troop deployments and call in specific targets.}}</ref><ref name="manpower-1" />
Mike Martin, seorang mantan perwira tentara Britania Raya, mengatakan Presiden Ghani tidak memiliki keahlian politik untuk mempertahankan kesetiaan rakyatnya terhadap ide nasionalis negara di tengah beragamnya kelompok etnis di Afganistan.<ref name="collapse-1">{{Cite web|last=Kazmin|first=Amy|last2=Parkin|first2=Benjamin|date=15 August 2021|title=Low morale, no support and bad politics: why the Afghan army folded|url=https://www.ft.com/content/b1d2b06d-f938-4443-ba56-242f18da22c3|website=Financial Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816071022/https://www.ft.com/content/b1d2b06d-f938-4443-ba56-242f18da22c3|archive-date=16 August 2021|access-date=16 August 2021|last3=Manson|first3=Katrina|url-status=live}}</ref> Sebagian besar warga Afganistan lebih setia kepada [[Kelompok etnik|etnis]] dan [[puak]] tradisionalnya, bahkan ikatan keluarga daripada kesetiaan mereka kepada militer, yang kemudian dimanfaatkan oleh komandan Taliban di tingkat provinsi untuk menegosiasikan penyerahan sebagian besar pasukan tentara di masing-masing provinsi. Ali Yawar Adili, direktur negara Jaringan Analis Afganistan, mengatakan bahwa pejabat Afganistan—termasuk Ghani—tidak pernah mengira bahwa Amerika Serikat akan menghentikan dukungan udara dan logistiknya kepada pasukan Afganistan.<ref name="collapse-1" /> Pasukan tentara Afganistan sangat bergantung kepada dukungan udara dan logistik yang diberikan Amerika Serikat dan mereka terkejut begitu mengetahui Amerika Serikat menarik dukungannya. Elizabeth Threlkeld, seorang mantan pejabat luar negeri Amerika Serikat, mengatakan pergerakan cepat Taliban dan penyerahan unit Angkatan Darat Afganistan secara damai membuat banyak pihak militer Afganistan mengikuti langkah tersebut.<ref name="collapse-1" />
=== Penilaian Amerika Serikat ===
[[Berkas:P20210708HF-0679_(51362623595).jpg|jmpl|Presiden AS [[Joe Biden]] mengatakan Taliban tidak mungkin memiliki kemampuan untuk menguasai Afganistan, 8 Juli 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 August 2021|title=The Afghan government's collapse is a humiliation for the US and Joe Biden|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/world/asia/2021/08/afghan-government-s-collapse-humiliation-us-and-joe-biden|work=[[New Statesman]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816164152/https://www.newstatesman.com/world/asia/2021/08/afghan-government-s-collapse-humiliation-us-and-joe-biden|archive-date=16 August 2021|access-date=16 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Pada 23 Juni, [[Komunitas Intelijen Amerika Serikat]] memperkirakan pemerintahan Afganistan dapat jatuh dalam waktu enam bulan setelah Amerika Serikat menarik pasukannya dari Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lubold|first=Gordon|last2=Trofimov|first2=Yaroslav|date=23 June 2021|title=Afghan Government Could Collapse Six Months After U.S. Withdrawal, New Intelligence Assessment Says|url=https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/afghan-government-could-collapse-six-months-after-u-s-withdrawal-new-intelligence-assessment-says-11624466743|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809231041/https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/afghan-government-could-collapse-six-months-after-u-s-withdrawal-new-intelligence-assessment-says-11624466743|archive-date=9 August 2021|access-date=10 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 10 Agustus, pejabat Amerika Serikat merevisi perkiraan enam bulan tersebut dengan mengatakan kejatuhan tersebut bisa terjadi lebih cepat, dan sejumlah skenario membayangkan kejatuhan Kabul dalam waktu 30 hingga 90 hari.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Atwood|first=Kylie|date=10 August 2021|title=Drawdown of US embassy in Kabul is under discussion, sources say, as Taliban makes rapid gains in Afghanistan|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/10/politics/embassy-kabul-drawdown/index.html|publisher=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810232640/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/10/politics/embassy-kabul-drawdown/index.html|archive-date=10 August 2021|access-date=11 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="3090est">{{Cite news|last=Lamothe|first=Dan|last2=Hudson|first2=John|last3=Harris|first3=Shane|last4=Gearan|first4=Anne|date=10 August 2021|title=U.S. officials warn collapse of Afghan capital could come sooner than expected|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2021/08/10/afghanistan-intelligence-assessment/|work=The Washington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811030221/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2021/08/10/afghanistan-intelligence-assessment/|archive-date=11 August 2021|access-date=11 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 13 Agustus, sejumlah laporan mengungkap perkiraan bahwa Taliban akan masuk ke kota Kabul dalam tujuh hari ke depan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 August 2021|title=Taliban expected to reach Afghan capital Kabul 'in seven days', ITV News learns|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2021-08-13/taliban-expected-to-reach-afghan-capital-kabul-in-seven-days-itv-news-learns|website=ITV News|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814203109/https://www.itv.com/news/2021-08-13/taliban-expected-to-reach-afghan-capital-kabul-in-seven-days-itv-news-learns|archive-date=14 August 2021|access-date=14 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 8 Juli, Presiden Amerika Serikat [[Joe Biden]] berbicara kepada para wartawan dalam sebuah konferensi pers, mengatakan pengambilalihan Taliban atas Afganistan tidak bisa dihindari, dengan mengatakan, "Pasukan tentara Afganistan memiliki 300.000 anggota yang dilengkapi dengan baik—dan juga dilengkapi dengan baik seperti Angkatan Darat mana pun di dunia—dan sebuah Angkatan Udara untuk melawan sesuatu seperti 75.000 anggota Taliban". Biden mengatakan Komunitas Intelijen Amerika Serikat belum menilai adanya kemungkinan bahwa pemerintah Afganistan akan jatuh. Ketika ditanya mengenai kesamaan antara peristiwa penarikan saat ini dan [[Kejatuhan Saigon|apa yang terjadi di Vietnam]], Presiden Biden menjawab:<blockquote>"Tidak ada sama sekali. Nol. Apa yang Anda miliki adalah—Anda memiliki seluruh brigade yang menerobos gerbang kedutaan kami—enam, jika saya tidak salah. Taliban bukanlah (tentara Vietnam) selatan—[[Tentara Rakyat Vietnam|tentara Vietnam Utara]]. Mereka tidak—mereka tidak sebanding dalam hal kemampuan. Tidak akan ada situasi di mana Anda melihat [[Operasi Frequent Wind|orang-orang diangkut dari atap kedutaan]] di—kedutaan Amerika Serikat dari Afganistan. Itu sama sekali tidak sebanding."</blockquote>Presiden Biden menambahkan, "...kemungkinan dari Taliban untuk menguasai segalanya dan memiliki seluruh negeri (Afganistan) adalah sangat tidak mungkin".<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 July 2021|title=Remarks by President Biden on the Drawdown of U.S. Forces in Afghanistan|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/08/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-drawdown-of-u-s-forces-in-afghanistan/|website=whitehouse.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814192023/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/08/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-drawdown-of-u-s-forces-in-afghanistan/|archive-date=14 August 2021|access-date=15 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 15 Agustus, selama [[Pertempuran Kabul (2021)|masuknya]] Taliban ke Kabul, para diplomat dan staf dievakuasi dari kedutaan besar Amerika Serikat di Kabul menggunakan sejumlah helikopter [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|UH-60]] dan [[Boeing CH-47 Chinook|CH-47]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Porter|first=Tom|title=Helicopters are evacuating staff from the US embassy in Kabul as the Taliban enter the Afghan capital 'from all sides'|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/us-evacuate-kabul-embassy-as-taliban-storm-the-afghan-capital-2021-8|website=Business Insider|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815101609/https://www.businessinsider.com/us-evacuate-kabul-embassy-as-taliban-storm-the-afghan-capital-2021-8|archive-date=15 August 2021|access-date=15 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 11 Juli, Sekretaris pers Pentagon John Kirby mengatakan ANDSF "memiliki kapasitas yang jauh lebih besar daripada yang pernah mereka miliki sebelumnya" dan, "mereka tahu bagaimana mempertahankan negara mereka". Pada 9 Agustus, pemimpin eksekutif [[Inspektur Jenderal Khusus untuk Rekonstruksi Afganistan|SIGAR]] John Sopko mengatakan komando militer Amerika Serikat "tahu betapa buruknya militer Afganistan".<ref name="direction" />
Pada 12 Agustus, pejabat Pemerintah Amerika Serikat mengatakan keterkejutan akan kecepatan serangan Taliban<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kube|first=Courtney|last2=Silva|first2=Chantal Da|last3=Yusufza|first3=Mushtaq|date=12 August 2021|title=Taliban gaining ground in Afghanistan faster than expected, U.S. defense officials say|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taliban-gaining-ground-afghanistan-faster-expected-u-s-defense-officials-n1276580|publisher=NBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813203325/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taliban-gaining-ground-afghanistan-faster-expected-u-s-defense-officials-n1276580|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=14 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> berkaitan masalah struktural dan politik di Afganistan, seperti kurangnya investasi awal di pemerintah daerah, kurangnya pembangunan nasional yang memadai, struktur sosial dalam suatu suku bangsa, topografi, [[tentara bayangan]],<ref name=":1" /> dan perjanjian damai dan pengampunan kepada para gerilyawan Taliban baru-baru ini.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Davis|first=Daniel L.|date=14 August 2021|title=Why is Afghanistan falling to the Taliban so fast? {{!}} Daniel L Davis|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/aug/14/afghanistan-taliban-us-troops|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814152810/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/aug/14/afghanistan-taliban-us-troops|archive-date=14 August 2021|access-date=14 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Potensi kebangkitan Al Qa'idah ===
Menurut seorang pejabat Pentagon, kekosongan lapisan keamanan di Afganistan setelah Amerika Serikat menarik pasukan militernya dapat menjadi jalan pembuka bagi [[Al Qa'idah]] dan kelompok terorisme lainnya untuk membangun organisasinya kembali. Pejabat tersebut menamabahkan, meskipun Amerika Serikat masih akan memegang otoritas untuk menyerang target Al Qa'idah di Afganistan, kurangnya kehadiran Amerika Serikat yang kuat di lapangan akan menghambat kemampuan untuk mengidentifikasi target potensial. Komandan [[Komando Pusat Amerika Serikat|CENTCOM]] [[Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr.]] mengatakan ia belum melihat apa pun yang akan membuatnya percaya bahwa Taliban akan menghentikan Al Qa'idah dari menggunakan tanah Afganistan untuk memperkuat dan membangun organisasinya kembali.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kube|first=Courtney|date=12 August 2021|title=Potential Al Qaeda resurgence in Afghanistan worries U.S. officials|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/mideast/potential-al-qaeda-resurgence-afghanistan-worries-u-s-officials-n1276614|publisher=NBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812162109/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/mideast/potential-al-qaeda-resurgence-afghanistan-worries-u-s-officials-n1276614|archive-date=12 August 2021|access-date=12 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Sekretaris Pertahanan Britania Raya [[Ben Wallace (politician)|Ben Wallace]] mengatakan kekosongan keamanan tersebut dapat memberikan kesempatan bagi kelompok teroris seperti Al Qa'idah untuk mencari tempat yang aman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UK says US pullout from Afghanistan a 'mistake' – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/uk-says-us-pullout-from-afghanistan-a-mistake/articleshow/85299711.cms|website=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813114814/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/uk-says-us-pullout-from-afghanistan-a-mistake/articleshow/85299711.cms|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=13 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 8 Agustus, [[Rita Katz]], kepala kelompok pemantau kelompok ekstremis [[SITE Intelligence Group|SITE]], mengatakan kemajuan pergerakan Taliban mirip seperti dengan hari-hari pertama [[Perang Saudara Suriah]] setelah [[Jabhat Al-Nusra]] memenangkan pertempuran di sana, "kecuali saat ini benar-benar dalam skala yang berbeda, mengingat momentum mengerikan Taliban".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Walsh|first=Nick Paton|date=10 August 2021|title=Things look grim in Afghanistan, even with US airpower. In 21 days, they could be much worse|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/09/asia/afghanistan-future-analysis-intl/index.html|publisher=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809235445/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/09/asia/afghanistan-future-analysis-intl/index.html|archive-date=9 August 2021|access-date=10 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ilmuwan politik Kazakhstan Dosym Satpaev memperingatkan bahwa pengambilalihan Afganistan oleh Taliban dapat membuka jalan bagi pasukan fundamental Islam lainnya dalam upaya untuk membentuk negara kesatuan di Asia Tengah dan Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=КАЛМУРАТ|first=Аян|date=16 August 2021|title=К чему готовиться Казахстану после захвата талибами Кабула? Интервью с Досымом Сатпаевым|url=https://rus.azattyq.org/a/afghanistan-under-taliban-rule-the-future-of-kazakhstan-central-asia/31413433.html|website=Радио Азаттык|language=ru|access-date=18 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Pasca perisitiwa==
===Eksodus warga sipil===
{{main|Evakuasi dari Afganistan 2021}}
[[Berkas:C-17 carrying passengers out of Afghanistan.jpg|jmpl|Tampak bagian dalam sebuah pesawat [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III|C-17]] milik Angkatan Udara AS yang mengevakuasi ratusan warga Afganistan selama [[Kejatuhan Kabul (2021)|Kejatuhan Kabul]], 15 Agustus 2021.]]
[[Berkas:August 19 2021 Evacuation at Hamid Karzai International Airport 2.jpg|jmpl|Seorang tentara marinir AS memandu sejumlah pengungsi Afganistan selama [[Kejatuhan Kabul (2021)#Evakuasi Bandar Udara Kabul|Kejatuhan Kabul]], 19 Agustus 2021.]]
Lebih dari 300.000 warga Afganistan menghadapi risiko serangan balasan oleh Taliban karena mereka bekerja untuk Pemerintah Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=Thousands Who Helped the U.S. in Afghanistan Are Trapped. What Happens Next? |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/16/us/afghanistan-visa-refugees-us.html}}</ref>
Pada akhir bulan Juli, ratusan pengungsi Afganistan mulai melintasi perbatasan menuju daerah timur Turki dari Iran. Sedikitnya 1.500 pengungsi ditahan di sepanjang [[Perbatasan Iran–Turki|perbatasan Turki–Iran]], dan 200 pengungsi Afganistan dicegat oleh pihak berwenang Turki ketika mereka dalam perjalanan menuju Eropa. Turki kemudian mengumumkan pendirian [[Tembok pertahanan|tembok perbatasan]] di sepanjang perbatasannya dengan Iran, di mana banyak pengungsi yang melintas masuk ke Turki dalam perjalanannya menuju Eropa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 July 2021 |title=Turkey detains 200 Afghan migrants en route to Italy – coastguard |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/turkey-detains-200-afghan-migrants-en-route-italy-coastguard-2021-07-28/ |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816164816/https://www.reuters.com/world/turkey-detains-200-afghan-migrants-en-route-italy-coastguard-2021-07-28/ |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref>
Pada 5 Agustus, enam negara anggota [[Uni Eropa]] mendesak Komisi Eropa untuk terus mendeportasi pencari suaka yang ditolak kembali ke Afganistan, meskipun Taliban membuat kemajuan signifikan di Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 August 2021 |title=Six countries urge EU to continue Afghan deportations |work=Deutsche Welle |url=https://www.dw.com/en/six-countries-urge-eu-to-continue-afghan-deportations/a-58817822}}</ref> Beberapa hari kemudian, [[Belanda]] dan [[Jerman]] menghentikan sementara deportasi pengungsi Afganistan seiring bertambahnya jumlah wilayah yang direbut Taliban di Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 August 2021 |title=Germany and Netherlands suspend deportations to Afghanistan |work=Deutsche Welle |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-and-netherlands-suspend-deportations-to-afghanistan/a-58830259}}</ref>
Pada 13 Agustus, [[Kanada]] mengumumkan negaranya akan menampung lebih dari 20.000 warga Afganistan dari kelompok yang dianggap Kanada kemungkinan merupakan target Taliban. [[Britania Raya]] mengatakan negaranya akan memperbolehkan 20.000 warga Afganistan tinggal di Britania Raya, dan [[Amerika Serikat]] akan merelokasi hingga 30.000 [[Visa Khusus Imigran|pelamar SIV]] ke Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 August 2021 |title=UK to take 20,000 Afghan refugees over five years under resettlement plan |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/17/uk-to-take-20000-afghan-refugees-over-five-years-under-resettlement-plan}}</ref> [[Australia]] berjanji akan menampung lebih dari 3.000 pengungsi Afganistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Australia to bring in 3000 Afghans in initial intake but plans for more |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/australia-to-bring-in-3000-afghans-in-initial-intake-but-plans-for-more-20210818-p58jxi.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=18 August 2021}}</ref> Jerman mengatakan negaranya akan menerima sekitar 10.000 warga Afganistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Afghans evacuated to Germany describe terrifying scenes at Kabul airport |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghans-evacuated-germany-describe-terrifying-scenes-kabul-airport-2021-08-18/ |work=Reuters |date=18 August 2021}}</ref>
Pada 17 Agustus, [[India]] mengumumkan negaranya akan mengeluarkan visa elektronik darurat kepada seluruh warga Afganistan yang ingin masuk ke negaranya setelah "menerima permintaan dari para pemimpin [[Sikhisme di Afganistan|Sikh]] dan [[Hinduisme di Afganistan|Hindu]] di Afganistan". Visa tersebut awalnya akan berlaku selama enam bulan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Media Center|date=17 August 2021|title=Press Release on the current situation in Afghanistan|url=https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/34189/Press+Release+on+the+current+situation+in+Afghanistan|url-status=live|access-date=23 August 2021|website=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Press Trust of India|date=17 August 2021|title=India announces emergency e-visa for Afghans|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-announces-emergency-e-visa-for-afghans/article35952475.ece|access-date=23 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Tiwary|first=Deeptiman|date=18 August 2021|title=India starts single entry e-visa facility for Afghans; here is what it means|work=[[The Indian Express]]|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-announces-new-category-of-visa-for-afghans-7457441/|access-date=23 August 2021}}</ref>
Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat mengeluarkan pernyataan bahwa relokasi pengungsi akan diproses di negara ketiga, dengan menyebut Turki sebagai lokasi yang memungkinkan. Amerika Serikat sebelumnya belum mendiskusikan kemungkinan tersebut dengan Turki. Menurut ''[[Bloomberg News]]'', Turki menanggapi negatif pernyataan Amerika Serikat tersebut dan "mengecam Amerika Serikat karena merekomendasikan warga Afganistan yang takut dengan Taliban agar mencari suaka di Amerika Serikat dari negara ketiga". Turki sebelumnya telah menampung sekitar enam juta pengungsi [[Perang Saudara Suriah]], lebih dari negara mana pun, dan para pejabat Turki mengatakan negaranya tidak memiliki kapasitas yang cukup untuk menerima gelombang pengungsi dari Afganistan, dan merupakan tindakan "tidak bertanggung jawab" dari Amerika Serikat untuk membuat rencana tersebut tanpa berkonsultasi maupun berdiskusi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 2021 |title=Turkey Says It Won't Be 'Waiting Room' for Afghan Refugees |work=Bloomberg News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-04/turkey-says-it-won-t-be-waiting-room-for-afghan-refugees |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804210633/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-04/turkey-says-it-won-t-be-waiting-room-for-afghan-refugees |archive-date=4 August 2021}}</ref>
Ketika Kabul jatuh ke pihak Taliban pada pertengahan Agustus, ribuan warga Afganistan berupaya untuk keluar dari Afganistan dengan berebut masuk ke dalam sejumlah pesawat di Bandara Kabul. Sejumlah orang bahkan sampai bergelantungan di samping luar sebuah pesawat militer Amerika Serikat dan beberapa di antaranya kemudian tewas setelah terjatuh begitu pesawat lepas landas. Pasukan tentara Amerika Serikat pada akhirnya harus mengeluarkan tembakan peringatan untuk mengosongkan landasan bandara dan memberikan jalan bagi pesawat yang terbang dan mendarat di Bandara Kabul.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=WATCH LIVE: Biden addresses nation about Afghanistan collapse |work=PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/watch-live-biden-addresses-nation-about-afghanistan-collapse |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816160758/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/watch-live-biden-addresses-nation-about-afghanistan-collapse |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref>
===Kerugian peralatan===
Menurut sebuah laporan yang dirilis di blog Oryx,<ref name="forbes700" /> sejak bulan Juni, Taliban telah merebut 12 tank (tujuh [[T-54/55|T-54]] dan lima [[T-62]]), 51 kendaraan tempur lapis baja (46 [[M1117 ASV]], dua M1117 ASV varian komando & pengendali, dan tiga [[M113 APC]]), 61 mortir dan potongan artileri (35 howitzer [[Howitzer 122mm D-30|D-30]], tiga meriam divisi [[Meriam divisi 76mm M1942 (ZiS-3)|ZiS-3]], satu mortir berdiameter 120mm, dua mortir M69 berdiameter 82mm, satu mortir berdiameter 60mm, dan 19 mortir yang asal usulnya tidak diketahui), delapan senjata anti-pesawat (dua senapan mesin berat [[Senapan mesin berat KPV|KPV-1]] dan enam meriam otomatis [[ZU-23-2|ZU-23]]), 16 helikopter (sembilan [[Mil Mi-17|Mi-17]], satu [[Mil Mi-24|Mi-24]]V, empat [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|UH-60A]], dan dua [[MD Helicopters MD 500|MD 530F]]), enam pesawat nirawak ([[Boeing Insitu ScanEagle|Boeing ScanEagle]]), dan 1.973 truk, mobil, dan jip dari Angkatan Bersenjata Afganistan.<ref name="Losses-1">{{Cite web |last=Mitzer |first=Stijn |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |title=Disaster At Hand: Documenting Afghan Military Equipment Losses Since June 2021 |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/06/disaster-at-hand-documenting-afghan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813045408/https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/06/disaster-at-hand-documenting-afghan.html |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Oryx Blog}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2021 |title=What we know about Afghan military losses since June |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/world/south-asia/2021/08/14/what-do-we-know-about-afghan-military-losses-since-june |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814074007/https://www.dhakatribune.com/world/south-asia/2021/08/14/what-do-we-know-about-afghan-military-losses-since-june |archive-date=14 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Dhaka Tribune}}</ref> Taliban juga menghancurkan sembilan M1117 ASV, empat Mi-17, dan tiga UH-60A, satu [[Mavic (kendaraan udara tak berawak)|DJI Mavic]], dan 104 truk, mobil, dan jip. Blog Oryx hanya menghitung kendaraan dan peralatan yang hancur dari bukti berupa foto dan video yang tersedia.<ref name="Losses-1" />
Para pejabat Pemerintah Amerika Serikat mengatakan kepada [[Reuters]] bahwa meskipun saat itu belum ada angka yang pasti, penilaian yang dilakukan oleh intelijen meyakini bahwa Taliban telah merebut lebih dari 2.000 kendaraan bersenjata<ref>{{cite web |title='The ability to operate at night is a real game-changer': What's in the Taliban's new war chest? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-20/taliban-new-us-made-war-chest-afghanistan/100393572 |website=www.abc.net.au |language=en-AU |date=20 August 2021}}</ref> dan 40 pesawat. Para pejabat Pemerintah Amerika Serikat mengatakan bahwa meskipun pihaknya khawatir dengan Taliban yang berhasil mendapatkan akses ke helikopter, banyak dari peralatan tersebut yang rumit untuk dioperasikan dan memerlukan perawatan tingkat tinggi. Joseph Votel, seorang mantan Jenderal Amerika Serikat mengatakan bahwa sebagian besar peralatan yang direbut Taliban tidak memiliki teknologi sensitif yang dikembangkan dari perusahaan Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taliban’s haul of US military gear includes 2,000 armoured vehicles and 40 aircraft |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/taliban-afghanistan-us-military-equipment-b1905470.html |website=The Independent |language=en |date=19 August 2021}}</ref>
Sejak 2 Juli, pesawat militer Amerika Serikat telah melakukan serangan terhadap peralatan yang direbut oleh para pemberontak di Afganistan, dengan menghancurkan beberapa howitzer D-30, tank, [[MRAP]], dan [[Humvee]].<ref name="Losses-3">{{Cite web |last=Kube |first=Courtney |last2=Da Silva |first2=Chantal |last3=Yusufzai |first3=Mushtaq |date=12 August 2021 |title='The momentum is going one way': U.S. looks on as Taliban advance |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taliban-gaining-ground-afghanistan-faster-expected-u-s-defense-officials-n1276580 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814175111/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taliban-gaining-ground-afghanistan-faster-expected-u-s-defense-officials-n1276580 |archive-date=14 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>
===Unjuk rasa dan perlawanan===
{{Main article|Perlawanan Panjshir|Unjuk rasa Afganistan 2021}}
[[Berkas:Pro-Islamic Republic of Afghanistan rally, Rotterdam (21 August 2021) 01.jpg|jmpl|Sebuah unjuk rasa di [[Rotterdam]] melawan pengambilalihan Afganistan oleh Taliban, 21 Agustus 2021.]]
Pasca kejatuhan Kabul, para mantan anggota [[Aliansi Utara]] dan tokoh anti-Taliban membentuk sebuah aliansi militer yang disebut sebagai [[Perlawanan Kedua]] di bawah kepemimpinan [[Ahmad Massoud]] dan mantan Wakil Presiden [[Amrullah Saleh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Afghanistan once kept out taliban why has it fallen so quickly this time |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/28/northern-afghanistan-once-kept-out-taliban-why-has-it-fallen-so-quickly-this-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816220022/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/28/northern-afghanistan-once-kept-out-taliban-why-has-it-fallen-so-quickly-this-time/ |archive-date=16 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership |url=http://www.northernallianceaf.ga/leadership |access-date=19 August 2021 |website=Northern Alliance: Fighting for a Free Afghanistan |publisher=Friends of the Northern Alliance |language=en-US}}</ref> Baik Massoud dan Saleh telah menempatkan diri mereka di [[Lembah Panjshir]], yang pada awalnya merupakan salah satu pangkalan operasi utama bagi Aliansi Utara.<ref name="Market Research Telecast" /><ref name="Market Research Telecast" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=An anti-Taliban front forming in Panjshir? Ex top spy Saleh, son of 'Lion of Panjshir' meet at citadel |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2021/08/17/an-anti-taliban-front-forming-in-panjshir-ex-top-spy-saleh-son-of-lion-of-panjshir-meet-at-citadel.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817065524/https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2021/08/17/an-anti-taliban-front-forming-in-panjshir-ex-top-spy-saleh-son-of-lion-of-panjshir-meet-at-citadel.html |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref> Pada 17 Agustus, Wakil Presiden Amrullah Saleh mendeklarasikan dirinya sebagai pengemban tugas Presiden Afganistan di Lembah Panjshir.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2021 |title=Afghan Vice President Saleh Declares Himself Caretaker President; Reaches Out To Leaders for Support |url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/afghan-vice-president-saleh-declares-himself-caretaker-president-reaches-out-to-leaders-for-support-4097117.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817224511/https://www.news18.com/news/world/afghan-vice-president-saleh-declares-himself-caretaker-president-reaches-out-to-leaders-for-support-4097117.html |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Dengan jatuhnya Kabul, para mantan anggota Aliansi Utara dan pasukan anti-Taliban lainnya yang berbasis di Lembah Panjshir, dipimpin oleh Ahmad Massoud dan mantan Wakil Presiden Amrullah Saleh, menjadi kelompok perlawanan terorganirisir utama untuk melawan Taliban di Afganistan.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2021 |title='Panjshir stands strong': Afghanistan's last holdout against the Taliban |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/18/panjshir-stands-strong-afghanistans-last-holdout-against-the-taliban |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Kedutaan besar Afganistan di Tajikistan mengganti foto presiden dari Ghani menjadi Saleh, dan mengirim sebuah permintaan kepada [[Interpol]] untuk mengeluarkan perintah penangkapan terhadap Ghani, bersama dengan kepala penasihatnya Fazel Mahmood dan Penasihat Keamanan Nasional Hamdullah Mohib, dengan mendakwa ketiganya atas tuduhan mencuri dari perbendaharaan Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Siladitya |last2=Dangor |first2=Graison |date=18 August 2021 |title=Afghan Embassy In Tajikistan Demands Interpol Arrest Escaped Former President Ashraf Ghani |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2021/08/18/afghan-embassy-in-tajikistan-demands-interpol-arrest-escaped-former-president-ashraf-ghani/?sh=28b7de1326de |access-date=18 August 2021 |website=Forbes}}</ref>
Pada hari yang sama, sebuah unjuk rasa berskala kecil digelar oleh sejumlah perempuan di Kabul untuk menuntut kesetaraan hak bagi kaum perempuan, dan menjadi unjuk rasa perempuan pertama melawan pemerintahan baru yang dilaporkan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2021 |title=Watch: Afghan women hold street protest as Taliban fighters look on |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/watch-afghan-women-hold-protest-demanding-equal-rights-and-freedoms-following-taliban-takeover-7459142/ |access-date=18 August 2021 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Pada 18 Agustus, unjuk rasa yang lebih besar dan juga dihadiri oleh pengunjuk rasa dari kaum laki-laki terjadi di tiga kota yang didominasi etnis Pashtun: Jalalabad, Khost, dan Asadabad, di mana para pengunjuk rasa mengibarkan bendera Afganistan dan menurunkan bendera Taliban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-18 |title=Taliban keep some evacuees from reaching Kabul airport, as U.S. vows to finish airlift |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/evacuations-afghanistan-gather-momentum-taliban-promise-peace-2021-08-18/ |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-18 |title=Taliban militants violently disperse rare Afghan protest |url=https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-taliban-protest-kabul-jalalabad-61e4bfcc8027e3952ee85c448773299b |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rasmussen |first=Saeed Shah and Sune Engel |title=Afghanistan's Taliban Rulers Meet Their First Political Protests With Gunfire |language=en-US |work=WSJ |url=https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/afghanistans-taliban-rulers-meet-their-first-political-protests-with-gunfire-11629311240 |access-date=2021-08-20}}</ref> Di Jalalabad, Taliban melancarkan penembakan untuk melawan unjuk rasa tersebut dan menewaskan tiga orang serta melukai belasan lainnya.<ref name="EarlyChallenge">{{Cite news |date=19 August 2021 |title=Afghan protests spread to Kabul in early challenge to Taliban |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghanistan-edge-after-anti-taliban-protest-east-kabul-calm-airlift-goes-2021-08-19/}}</ref> Pada 19 Agustus, unjuk rasa meluas ke sejumlah daerah di ibu kota negara Afganistan, Kabul, termasuk satu unjuk rasa berskala besar di dekat Bandara Kabul di mana pengendara mobil dan orang-orang mengibarkan bendera Afganistan, dan unjuk rasa lainnya di dekat [[Arg (Kabul)|istana kepresidenan]] dihadiri oleh lebih dari 200 orang<ref name="DemonstrationsSpread">{{Cite news |date=19 August 2021 |title=As demonstrations spread, the Taliban face growing challenges in running the nation. |agency=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/08/19/world/taliban-afghanistan-news#as-demonstrations-spread-the-taliban-face-growing-challenges-in-running-the-nation}}</ref> sebelum dibubarkan Taliban dengan menggunakan kekerasan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seir |first=Ahmad |last2=Faiez |first2=Rahim |last3=Gannon |first3=Kathy |last4=Gambrell |first4=Jon |date=19 August 2021 |title=Afghans protest Taliban in emerging challenge to their rule |url=https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-taliban-protests-bd853cac9eee5e4f0cd4b76580f27b53 |access-date=19 August 2021 |website=AP News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2021 |title=Afghans display national flag as they mark independence day |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2021/8/19/afghans-display-national-flag-as-they-mark-independence-day |access-date=19 August 2021 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Unjuk rasa terus berlanjut di Khost dan Asadabad, di mana Taliban juga menggunakan kekerasan untuk membubarkan massa unjuk rasa di kedua kota tersebut.<ref name="EarlyChallenge" />
==Referensi==
{{reflist}}
{{Portal bar|Afganistan|Sejarah modern|Militer}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Serangan Taliban, 2021}}
[[Kategori:Afganistan dalam tahun 2021]]
[[Kategori:Al-Qaeda]]
[[Kategori:Perang di Afganistan (2001–2021)]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Afganistan]]
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