Serangan Taliban 2021: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox military conflict
| partof = [[Perang di Afganistan (
| image = 2021 Taliban Offensive.png
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Peta
| date = 1 Mei 2021 – 15 Agustus 2021<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=Taliban declare victory in Afghanistan |publisher=Axios |url=https://www.axios.com/taliban-takes-kabul-afghanistan-victory-6f2fe2bc-8328-4ad0-999f-d12ba3cbf235.html |access-date=18 August 2021}}</ref><br />({{age in years, months, weeks and days|day1=1|month1=5|year1=2021|day2=15|month2=08|year2=2021}})
| place = [[Afganistan]]
| territory = *Taliban merebut 232 distrik dan mengklaim merebut 94 [[Distrik di Afganistan|distrik]] tambahan, saat ini mengendalikan 305–399 distrik<ref name="jul15">{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=15 July 2021 |title=Nearly half of Afghanistan's provincial capitals under threat from Taliban |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/07/nearly-half-of-afghanistans-provincial-capitals-under-threat-from-taliban.php |url-status=live |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715190708/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/07/nearly-half-of-afghanistans-provincial-capitals-under-threat-from-taliban.php |archive-date=15 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="lwjmap">{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=25 July 2021 |title=Mapping Taliban Contested and Controlled Districts in Afghanistan |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/mapping-taliban-control-in-afghanistan |url-status=live |access-date=12 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712004314/https://www.longwarjournal.org/mapping-taliban-control-in-afghanistan |archive-date=12 July 2021}}</ref>
* Taliban merebut 33 dari 34 ibu kota [[Provinsi di Afganistan|provinsi]] di Afganistan<ref name="pc14">{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=13 August 2021 |title=After lengthy siege, Lashkar Gah is taken by the Taliban |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/after-lengthy-siege-lashkar-gah-is-taken-by-the-taliban.php |url-status=live |access-date=13 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813112438/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/after-lengthy-siege-lashkar-gah-is-taken-by-the-taliban.php |archive-date=13 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Taliban sweep across Afghanistan's south |url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-taliban-c6c8d4a41c554f36031a8131538d1402 |url-status=live |access-date=13 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813105628/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-taliban-c6c8d4a41c554f36031a8131538d1402 |archive-date=13 August 2021}}</ref>
| status =
| result = Kemenangan [[Taliban]]; kejatuhan [[
* Presiden [[Ashraf Ghani]] meninggalkan Afganistan<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2021 |title=Afghan president flees the country as Taliban move on Kabul |url=https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-taliban-kabul-bagram-e1ed33fe0c665ee67ba132c51b8e32a5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815120025/https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-taliban-kabul-bagram-e1ed33fe0c665ee67ba132c51b8e32a5 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2021 |title=Afghan President Ghani leaves country – reports |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-asia-58219963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815163037/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-asia-58219963 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=BBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Afghan president Ashraf Ghani has left the country as Taliban move on Kabul |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-afghan-president-ashraf-ghani-has-left-the-country-as-taliban-move-on/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815183739/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-afghan-president-ashraf-ghani-has-left-the-country-as-taliban-move-on/ |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref>
* [[Kejatuhan Kabul (2021)|Kejatuhan Kabul ke pihak Taliban]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Seir |first=Ahmed |last2=Faeiz |first2=Rahim |last3=Akhgar |first3=Tameem |last4=Gambrell |first4=Jon |date=15 August 2021 |title=Taliban Enter Kabul, Await 'Peaceful Transfer' of Power |publisher=NBC |url=https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/national-international/taliban-fighters-enter-kabul-helicopters-land-at-us-embassy/2718840/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815183800/https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/national-international/taliban-fighters-enter-kabul-helicopters-land-at-us-embassy/2718840/ |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref>
* Taliban mendeklarasikan restorasi [[Keamiran Islam Afganistan]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mistlin |first=Joanna Walters (now); Alex |last2=Murray |first2=Jessica |last3=Sullivan (earlier) |first3=Helen |date=15 August 2021 |title=Taliban claim they will soon declare 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan' after President Ghani said to have fled – live |work=www.theguardian.com |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2021/aug/15/afghanistan-taliban-close-in-on-kabul-as-last-government-stronghold-in-north-falls |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815103044/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2021/aug/15/afghanistan-taliban-close-in-on-kabul-as-last-government-stronghold-in-north-falls |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baker |first=Sinéad |title=The Taliban have declared the 'Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,' the same name it used when it brutally ruled the country in the 1990s |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/taliban-declares-islamic-emirate-of-afghanistan-2021-8 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Perang di Afganistan (2001–2021)]] berakhir
* [[Perlawanan Panjshir]] dimulai<ref name="Market Research Telecast">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2021 |title=The Panjshir Valley: what is the main bastion of resistance against the Taliban advance in Afghanistan |url=https://marketresearchtelecast.com/the-panjshir-valley-what-is-the-main-bastion-of-resistance-against-the-taliban-advance-in-afghanistan/131364/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816202703/https://marketresearchtelecast.com/the-panjshir-valley-what-is-the-main-bastion-of-resistance-against-the-taliban-advance-in-afghanistan/131364/ |archive-date=16 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |publisher=Market Research Telecast}}</ref>
* [[Evakuasi dari Afganistan 2021|Evakuasi puluhan ribu warga sipil dan personel militer]]
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Taliban]]
* [[Jaringan Haqqani]]<ref name="haqqani">{{Cite news |last=Joscelyn |first=Thomas |date=25 June 2021 |title=Taliban's deputy emir issues guidance for governance in newly seized territory |work=[[FDD's Long War Journal]] |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/talibans-deputy-emir-issues-guidance-for-governance-in-newly-seized-territory.php |url-status=live |access-date=19 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719074939/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/talibans-deputy-emir-issues-guidance-for-governance-in-newly-seized-territory.php |archive-date=19 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Joscelyn |first=Thomas |date=7 June 2021 |title=U.N. report cites new intelligence on Haqqanis' close ties to al Qaeda |work=[[FDD's Long War Journal]] |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/u-n-report-cites-new-intelligence-on-haqqanis-close-ties-to-al-qaeda.php |url-status=live |access-date=19 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719075422/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/u-n-report-cites-new-intelligence-on-haqqanis-close-ties-to-al-qaeda.php |archive-date=19 July 2021}}</ref>
{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Al
| combatant2 = {{
| commander1 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} '''[[Hibatullah Akhundzada]]'''}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Abdul Ghani Baradar]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Sirajuddin Haqqani]]<ref name="haqqani" /><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Suhail Shaheen]]<ref name="AFFbios">{{Cite web |title=Database |url=http://www.afghan-bios.info/index.php?option=com_afghanbios&id=2464&task=view&total=22&start=14&Itemid=2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714092635/http://www.afghan-bios.info/index.php?option=com_afghanbios&id=2464&task=view&total=22&start=14&Itemid=2 |archive-date=14 July 2021 |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=afghan-bios.info}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} [[Mohammad Yaqoob]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} Abdul Khaliq{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban shadow governor for Nimruz among 25 killed in Afghan forces operations in Zaranj, Taliqan |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/taliban-shadow-governor-nimruz-among-053412780.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAADPPA55mab1WKQxzz825-TWdDCs7HEOaxQdsnPxUUwlzW2YH1d7nekbu8_fdOghkNp9v4fbge-0rBu74ZqqYoJUKV5lub8H-NkLsamccfswx2rkYGo_8I5qKzdIKYVjzN2BzCVYV18NaLnXixLvKfn8GyIp-ic69ZdvXcznSAhEo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813112427/https://in.news.yahoo.com/taliban-shadow-governor-nimruz-among-053412780.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAADPPA55mab1WKQxzz825-TWdDCs7HEOaxQdsnPxUUwlzW2YH1d7nekbu8_fdOghkNp9v4fbge-0rBu74ZqqYoJUKV5lub8H-NkLsamccfswx2rkYGo_8I5qKzdIKYVjzN2BzCVYV18NaLnXixLvKfn8GyIp-ic69ZdvXcznSAhEo |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} Mawlawi Mubarak{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Key Taliban commander among 40 dead in Afghanistan |url=https://english.lokmat.com/politics/key-taliban-commander-among-40-dead-in-afghanistan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813112429/https://english.lokmat.com/politics/key-taliban-commander-among-40-dead-in-afghanistan/ |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} Qari Khalid{{KIA}}<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=17 Taliban militants killed in fresh army operation in northern Afghanistan: gov't – Xinhua | English.news.cn |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-06/22/c_1310021867.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622164313/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-06/22/c_1310021867.htm |archive-date=22 June 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=www.xinhuanet.com}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} Qari Khalil{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bakhtarnews.af/dozens-of-taliban-killed-in-balkh-operation/|title=Dozens of Taliban Killed in Balkh Operation|date=14 August 2021|website=bakhtarnews.af}}</ref>
| commander2 = {{nowrap|{{
| units1 = Pasukan [[Taliban]]
* [[Kelompok Merah|Satuan Merah]]<ref name="Kunduz, Sar-i-Pul, Taloqan">{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=8 August 2021 |title=Taliban takes control of Afghan provincial capitals of Kunduz, Sar-i-Pul and Taloqan |work=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-takes-control-of-afghan-provincial-capitals-of-kunduz-and-sar-i-pul.php |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808150434/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-takes-control-of-afghan-provincial-capitals-of-kunduz-and-sar-i-pul.php |archive-date=8 August 2021}}</ref>
Baris 27 ⟶ 29:
* Tentara Afganistan yang membelot<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glinski |first=Stefanie |date=24 September 2020 |title=Feeling Abandoned by Kabul, Many Rural Afghans Flock to Join the Taliban |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/24/taliban-kabul-rural-afghans-join-peace-deal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223073153/https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/24/taliban-kabul-rural-afghans-join-peace-deal/ |archive-date=23 December 2020 |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=Foreign Policy |quote=In May, a retired Afghan general in the country’s western Farah province defected to the Taliban—as have army soldiers over the past years.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nossiter |first=Adam |date=31 March 2021 |title=After two decades of fighting, the Taliban believe they have won the war |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/asia-pacific/after-two-decades-of-fighting-the-taliban-believe-they-have-won-the-war-1.4525164 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422233100/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/asia-pacific/after-two-decades-of-fighting-the-taliban-believe-they-have-won-the-war-1.4525164 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref>
Kelompok militan lainnya
* [[Al
| units2 = [[Pasukan Keamanan Nasional Afganistan]] (ANSF)
* [[Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan]]
Baris 40 ⟶ 42:
* [[USS Ronald Reagan]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Evans |first=Michael |last2=Tomlinson |first2=Hugh |date=2 August 2021 |title=US abandoning Afghanistan to civil war, says General David Petraeus |work=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/us-abandoning-afghanistan-to-civil-war-says-general-david-petraeus-00ftvwpt3 |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808173552/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/us-abandoning-afghanistan-to-civil-war-says-general-david-petraeus-00ftvwpt3 |archive-date=8 August 2021 |quote=America has been launching airstrikes in support of Afghan forces, using armed Reaper drones that take up to eight hours to reach a target from their base in the Gulf as well as fighter aircraft from Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, and from the carrier USS Ronald Reagan,}}</ref>
| strength1 = Taliban: {{circa}} <br />''Perkiraan Pemerintah AS'':<br />75.000<ref name="350k-2" /><br />''Laporan PBB'':<br />55.000–85.000 pejuang<ref name="UNreport" /><br />15.000 fasilitator pendukung dan nirperang<ref name="UNreport">{{Cite web |last=Seldin |first=Jeff |date=1 June 2020 |title=UN Report Shows Member States Grow Doubtful About Future of US-Taliban Deal {{!}} Voice of America – English |url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/un-report-shows-member-states-grow-doubtful-about-future-us-taliban-deal |website=www.voanews.com |language=en}}</ref><br />''Perkiraan lainnya'':<br />85.000<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Taliban explained |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/25/the-taliban-explained |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811164815/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/25/the-taliban-explained |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref>–200.000<ref name="350k">{{Cite news |date=15 August 2021 |title=The Taliban's terrifying triumph in Afghanistan |publisher=Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2021/08/15/the-talibans-terrifying-triumph-in-afghanistan |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815173110/https://www.economist.com/asia/2021/08/15/the-talibans-terrifying-triumph-in-afghanistan |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="2021number">{{Cite web |last=Shoaib |first=Alia |date=14 August 2021 |title=Why the US-trained Afghan National Army have been defeated with ease by the Taliban |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/afghan-forces-havent-been-able-to-hold-off-the-taliban-2021-8 |website=Business Insider}}</ref>
| strength2 = ANSF: {{circa}} <br />''Angka resmi Pemerintah Afganistan dan AS'':<br />300.000<ref name="direction">{{Cite news |last=Seldin |first=Jeff |date=9 August 2021 |title=US Admits Afghanistan 'Not Going in the Right Direction' |work=VOA |url=https://www.voanews.com/us-afghanistan-troop-withdrawal/us-admits-afghanistan-not-going-right-direction |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812012714/https://www.voanews.com/us-afghanistan-troop-withdrawal/us-admits-afghanistan-not-going-right-direction |archive-date=12 August 2021}}</ref>–354.000<ref name="350k-2">{{Cite web |last=
| casualties1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} '''Taliban'''<br />''Klaim Pemerintah Afganistan hingga 9 Agustus)'':<br />9.819 tewas<ref name="cast">{{Cite web |title=Press Release |url=https://mod.gov.af/en/press-release |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611055159/https://mod.gov.af/en/press-release |archive-date=11 June 2021 |access-date=9 July 2021 |website=Afghan Ministry of Defense |publisher=Afghan Ministry of Defense}}</ref><br />5.472 terluka<ref name="cast" /><br />54 ditangkap<ref name="cast" />
{{Collapsible list
Baris 50 ⟶ 52:
| 4 = Beberapa [[Humvee]]<ref name="Losses-3" />
}}
| casualties2 = {{
{{Collapsible list
| framestyle = border:none; padding:0;
Baris 60 ⟶ 62:
| 5 = Sedikitnya 104 kendaraan militer dihancurkan Taliban<ref name="Losses-1" /><ref name="forbes700" />
| 6 = 12 tank [[T-54/55|T-54]]/[[T-62]] direbut Taliban<ref name="Losses-1" /><ref name="statista21">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Naill |date=6 July 2021 |title=The Afghan Military's Catastrophic Equipment Losses |url=https://www.statista.com/chart/25246/afghan-military-vehicles-equipment-items-destroyed-captured-by-the-taliban/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723130838/https://www.statista.com/chart/25246/afghan-military-vehicles-equipment-items-destroyed-captured-by-the-taliban/ |archive-date=23 July 2021 |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=Statista}}</ref>
| 7 = 51 kendaraan
| 8 = 8 senjata anti-pesawat direbut Taliban<ref name="Losses-1" /><ref name="statista21" />
| 9 = 1 [[Mil Mi-24]]V direbut Taliban<ref>{{Cite web |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=11 August 2021 |title=Taliban takes control of airport in Afghanistan's Kunduz, seizes chopper gifted by India |url=https://theprint.in/diplomacy/taliban-takes-control-of-airport-in-afghanistans-kunduz-seizes-chopper-gifted-by-india/713364/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811130928/https://theprint.in/diplomacy/taliban-takes-control-of-airport-in-afghanistans-kunduz-seizes-chopper-gifted-by-india/713364/ |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=ThePrint}}</ref>
Baris 67 ⟶ 69:
| 12 = 2 [[McDonnell Douglas MD 500 Defender|MD 530F]] direbut Taliban<ref name="Losses-1" />
}}
| casualties3 = 1.031 [[warga sipil]] tewas<ref name="caslist" /><ref name="casun">{{Cite news |last=Graham-Harrison |first=Emma |date=26 July 2021 |title=Afghanistan civilian casualty figures at record high, UN says |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/26/afghanistan-civilian-casualty-figures-at-record-high-un-says |url-status=live |access-date=26 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726053716/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/26/afghanistan-civilian-casualty-figures-at-record-high-un-says |archive-date=26 July 2021}}</ref
| campaignbox =
| conflict = Serangan Taliban 2021
}}
'''Serangan Taliban 2021''' adalah serangan militer yang dilakukan oleh [[Taliban]] dan kelompok militan sekutunya melawan [[Politik Afganistan|Pemerintah Afganistan]] dan sekutunya. Serangan dimulai pada 1 Mei 2021,<ref name="jul15" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 May 2021 |title=Taliban launches major Afghan offensive after deadline for U.S. pullout |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taliban-launches-huge-afghan-offensive-after-deadline-us-pullout-2021-05-04/ |url-status=live |access-date=7 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810182121/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taliban-launches-huge-afghan-offensive-after-deadline-us-pullout-2021-05-04/ |archive-date=10 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="fastadv1">{{Cite news |last=De Luce |first=Dan |last2=Yusufzai |first2=Mushtaq |last3=Smith |first3=Saphora |date=25 June 2021 |title=Even the Taliban are surprised at how fast they're advancing in Afghanistan |publisher=NBC News |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/even-taliban-are-surprised-how-fast-they-re-advancing-afghanistan-n1272236 |url-status=live |access-date=8 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707212339/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/even-taliban-are-surprised-how-fast-they-re-advancing-afghanistan-n1272236 |archive-date=7 July 2021}}</ref
Dalam tiga bulan pertama serangan, Taliban membuat kemajuan signifikan dalam perebutan wilayah di daerah pedesaan, meningkatkan jumlah [[Distrik di Afganistan|distrik]] yang dikendalikannya dari 73 menjadi 223 distrik.<ref name="lwjmap" /> Pada 6 Agustus, Taliban melancarkan serangan ke beberapa [[Provinsi di Afganistan|ibu kota provinsi]] di [[Afganistan]], dengan sebagian besar kota menyerah tanpa perlawanan,<ref>{{Cite news |last=George |first=Susannah |date=16 August 2021 |title=Afghanistan's military collapse: Illicit deals and mass desertions |work=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/08/15/afghanistan-military-collapse-taliban/ |url-status=live |access-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816185519/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/08/15/afghanistan-military-collapse-taliban/ |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> dan Taliban merebut seluruh ibu kota provinsi kecuali kota [[Bazarak]] di [[Provinsi Panjshir]].<ref name="APNews">{{Cite web |date=13 August 2021 |title=Taliban sweep across Afghanistan's south, take 3 more cities |url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-taliban-c6c8d4a41c554f36031a8131538d1402 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813105628/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-taliban-c6c8d4a41c554f36031a8131538d1402 |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Akhgar |first=Tameem |last2=Faiez |first2=Rahim |last3=Krauss |first3=Joseph |date=14 August 2021 |title=Taliban capture key northern city, approach Afghan capital |work=Associated Press News |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-taliban-f600d6faf28e9c2ccb454ad176987b19 |url-status=live |access-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814185746/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-taliban-f600d6faf28e9c2ccb454ad176987b19 |archive-date=14 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban gains control of Jalalabad, one of two cities in Afghan control |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/taliban-gains-control-of-jalalabad-one-of-two-last-cities-in-afghan-control-676733 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815024827/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/taliban-gains-control-of-jalalabad-one-of-two-last-cities-in-afghan-control-676733 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Pada 15 Agustus, Presiden petahana [[Ashraf Ghani]] meninggalkan Afganistan<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2021 |title=Afghan president says he left country to avoid bloodshed |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-president-ghani-says-he-left-country-order-avoid-bloodshed-2021-08-15/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815232122/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-president-ghani-says-he-left-country-order-avoid-bloodshed-2021-08-15/ |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=16 August 2021 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> dan Taliban merebut ibu kota negara Afganistan, [[Kabul]]; dengan demikian, pemerintahan Afganistan jatuh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seir |first=Ahmed |last2=Faiez |first2=Rahim |last3=Akghar |first3=Tameem |last4=Gambrell |first4=John |date=15 August 2021 |title=Official: Taliban negotiators head to presidential palace |url=https://apnews.com/article/taliban-e1ed33fe0c665ee67ba132c51b8e32a5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815031639/https://apnews.com/article/taliban-e1ed33fe0c665ee67ba132c51b8e32a5 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=Associated Press |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref>
Pergerakan cepat Taliban dalam perebutan wilayah<ref name="fastadv1" /><ref name="65p1">{{Cite web |title=Taliban controls 65% of Afghanistan as rapid advance continues: E.U. official – National {{!}} Globalnews.ca |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8100808/taliban-afghanistan-rapid-advance-e-u-official/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811080009/https://globalnews.ca/news/8100808/taliban-afghanistan-rapid-advance-e-u-official/ |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=Global News |language=en-US}}</ref> mengejutkan banyak pemerintahan negara lain, termasuk [[Amerika Serikat]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Miller |first=Zeke |last2=Lemire |first2=Jonathan |last3=Boak |first3=Josh |date=16 August 2021 |title=Biden team surprised by rapid Taliban gains in Afghanistan |publisher=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-afghanistan-taliban-5934ef05b0094d0189b5d900d2380179 |url-status=live |access-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816144007/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-afghanistan-taliban-5934ef05b0094d0189b5d900d2380179 |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> [[Britania Raya]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Peter |date=17 August 2021 |title=No one saw this coming, Raab says of Taliban's rapid Afghan takeover |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/17/no-one-saw-this-coming-raab-taliban-rapid-afghan-takeover |url-status=live |access-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817080828/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/17/no-one-saw-this-coming-raab-taliban-rapid-afghan-takeover |archive-date=17 August 2021}}</ref> [[Jerman]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rinke |first=Andreas |date=16 August 2021 |title=World must help Afghans fleeing Taliban or risk crisis – Merkel |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/merkel-says-germany-must-focus-its-afghan-rescue-mission-2021-08-16/ |url-status=live |access-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816220349/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/merkel-says-germany-must-focus-its-afghan-rescue-mission-2021-08-16/ |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> dan [[Rusia]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=Russian envoy describes Taliban's seizure of Kabul as somewhat unexpected |publisher=TASS |url=https://tass.com/world/1326297 |url-status=live |access-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816222830/https://tass.com/world/1326297 |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> Kemenangan Taliban mendapat tanggapan beragam yang sangat luas dari dalam dan luar Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baker |first=Rodger |date=9 August 2021 |title=Challenging Our Understanding of the Taliban |publisher=Stratfor |url=https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/challenging-our-understanding-taliban |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811143233/https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/challenging-our-understanding-taliban |archive-date=11 August 2021}}</ref>
Baris 81 ⟶ 83:
{{Main|Perjanjian Doha (2020)}}
Pada bulan September 2020, lebih dari 5.000 anggota Taliban yang dipenjara, termasuk 400 orang di antaranya yang dituduh
==Garis waktu==
===Pergerakan awal===
Pada bulan Mei, Taliban merebut 15 distrik dari Pemerintah Afganistan, termasuk [[Distrik Nirkh]] dan [[Distrik Jalrez]] di [[Provinsi Maidan Wardak]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=29 June 2021 |title=Taliban doubles number of controlled Afghan districts since May 1 |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/taliban-doubles-number-of-controlled-afghan-districts-since-may-1.php |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708234849/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/taliban-doubles-number-of-controlled-afghan-districts-since-may-1.php |archive-date=8 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=3 June 2021 |title=UN report on Taliban controlled and contested districts tracks with LWJ data |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/un-report-on-taliban-controlled-and-contested-districts-tracks-with-lwj-data.php |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190425/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/un-report-on-taliban-controlled-and-contested-districts-tracks-with-lwj-data.php |archive-date=9 July 2021}}{{cite news |title=Taliban seize key district outside Afghan capital |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20210512-taliban-seize-key-district-outside-afghan-capital |access-date=9 July 2021 |publisher=France24 |date=12 May 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190006/https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20210512-taliban-seize-key-district-outside-afghan-capital |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Taliban capture more districts, surround Kabul |url=https://www.globalvillagespace.com/taliban-capture-more-districts-surround-kabul/ |access-date=9 July 2021 |publisher=Global Village Space |date=22 May 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190549/https://www.globalvillagespace.com/taliban-capture-more-districts-surround-kabul/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Di antara lokasi yang direbut oleh Taliban adalah [[Bendungan Dahla]] di [[Provinsi Kandahar]], bendungan terbesar kedua di Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 May 2021 |title=Taliban captures key Afghan dam as fighting rages |publisher=Al Jazeera English |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/6/taliban-captures-key-afghan-dam-as-fighting-rages |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184549/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/6/taliban-captures-key-afghan-dam-as-fighting-rages |archive-date=9 July 2021}}</ref> Sepanjang bulan tersebut, 405 anggota pasukan [[Pasukan Keamanan Nasional Afganistan|ANSF]] dan 260 [[warga sipil]] tewas selama pertempuran melawan Taliban, sedangkan [[Kementerian Pertahanan Afganistan]] mengklaim pihaknya telah menewaskan 2.146 gerilyawan Taliban.<ref name="
Pada akhir bulan Mei, [[Portugal]], [[Slovenia]], [[Spanyol]],
Pada bulan Juni, Taliban merebut 69 distrik dari Pemerintah Afganistan dan masuk ke kota [[Kunduz]] dan [[Pol-e Khomri]].<ref name="disi">{{Cite news |last=Robertson |first=Nic |date=24 June 2021 |title=Afghanistan is disintegrating fast as Biden's troop withdrawal continues |publisher=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/24/asia/afghanistan-taliban-offensive-intl-cmd/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190124/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/24/asia/afghanistan-taliban-offensive-intl-cmd/index.html |archive-date=9 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gibbons-Neff |first=Thomas |last2=Rahim |first2=Najim |date=8 July 2021 |title=Taliban Enter Key Cities in Afghanistan's North After Swift Offensive |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/20/world/asia/afghanistan-kunduz-taliban.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708223812/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/20/world/asia/afghanistan-kunduz-taliban.html |archive-date=8 July 2021}}{{cite news |title=Baghlan: PD2 of Pul-e-Khumri Held by Taliban, City Under Siege |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173055 |access-date=9 July 2021 |publisher=Tolo News |date=24 June 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185824/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173055 |url-status=live
Sebuah helikopter [[Mil Mi-17|Mi-17]] milik [[Angkatan Udara Afganistan]] ditembak jatuh oleh Taliban dan menewaskan ketiga pilotnya, sedangkan sebuah helikopter [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|UH-60
[[
Pada 22 Juni, Taliban merebut [[Shir Khan Bandar]], perlintasan perbatasan utama
Pada 25 Juni, Taliban mengambil alih [[Distrik Shinwari]] dan [[Distrik Ghorband]] di [[Provinsi Parwan]] di utara Kabul.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parwan's Shinwari district overrun by Taliban |url=https://pajhwok.com/2021/06/26/parwans-shinwari-district-overrun-by-taliban/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702214116/https://pajhwok.com/2021/06/26/parwans-shinwari-district-overrun-by-taliban/ |archive-date=2 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, [[NBC News]] melaporkan Taliban "terkejut dengan kecepatan pergerakan mereka sendiri dan telah menghindari perebutan beberapa target agar tidak terjadi bentrok dengan Amerika Serikat",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban forces rapidly gaining ground in Afghanistan as U.S. leaves |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/even-taliban-are-surprised-how-fast-they-re-advancing-afghanistan-n1272236 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707212339/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/even-taliban-are-surprised-how-fast-they-re-advancing-afghanistan-n1272236 |archive-date=7 July 2021 |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=NBC News}}</ref> dan Pemerintah Afganistan meluncurkan program yang disebut sebagai Mobilisasi Nasional, yang bertujuan untuk mempersenjatai kelompok milisi pendukung pemerintah untuk berperang melawan Taliban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban gains drive Afghanistan gov't to arm local volunteers |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/25/taliban-gains-drive-afghan-government-to-recruit-militias |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713063043/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/25/taliban-gains-drive-afghan-government-to-recruit-militias |archive-date=13 July 2021 |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Al-Jazeera}}</ref> Sementara itu, wakil emir Taliban [[Sirajuddin Haqqani]] mengeluarkan sejumlah instruksi melalui ''[[Voice of Jihad]]'' kepada pemerintahan di
Pada 27 Juni, [[Distrik Chaki Wardak]] dan [[Distrik Saydabad]] jatuh ke pihak Taliban setelah sedikitnya 50 pasukan tentara Afganistan menyerah dan ditangkap oleh Taliban. Pada hari yang sama, [[Distrik Rustaq]], [[Distrik Shortepa]], dan [[Distrik Arghistan]] jatuh ke pihak Taliban.
[[
Pada bulan Juli, Taliban merebut 64 distrik dari Pemerintah Afganistan dan masuk ke kota [[Kandahar (kota)|Kandahar]] dan [[Herat (kota)|Herat]], masing-masing kota terbesar kedua dan ketiga di Afganistan.<ref name="jul15" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Roggie |first=Bill |date=5 July 2021 |title=Afghanistan at risk of collapse as Taliban storms the north |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/07/afghanistan-at-risk-of-collapse-as-taliban-storms-the-north.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708040137/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/07/afghanistan-at-risk-of-collapse-as-taliban-storms-the-north.php |archive-date=8 July 2021 |access-date=8 July 2021 |website=FDD's Long War Journal}}{{cite news |last1=Nossiter |first1=Adam |title=Taliban Enter Kandahar City and Seize Border Posts |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/09/world/asia/taliban-kandahar-afghanistan.html |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=9 July 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709222214/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/09/world/asia/taliban-kandahar-afghanistan.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="lwj-herat" /> Sepanjang bulan tersebut, 335 anggota pasukan ANSF dan 189 warga sipil tewas selama pertempuran melawan Taliban, sedangkan Kementerian Pertahanan Afganistan mengklaim pihaknya telah menewaskan 3.159 gerilyawan Taliban.<ref name="
Pada 2 Juli, Italia dan Jerman menarik pasukan tentaranya dari Afganistan, dan pasukan tentara
Pada akhir pekan pertama bulan Juli, ratusan perempuan bersenjata turun ke sejumlah jalan di wilayah utara dan tengah Afganistan untuk
Pada 5 Juli, [[Presiden Tajikistan]] [[Emomali Rahmon]] mengumumkan pengerahan 20.000 pasukan tentaranya ke [[Perbatasan Afganistan–Tajikistan|perbatasan dengan Afganistan
Pada 8 Juli, tentara Afgianistan mengeksekusi mati seorang penduduk
[[
Pada 10 Juli, Taliban merebut [[Distrik Panjwayi]] di Provinsi Kandahar.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 July 2021 |title=The fall of Panjwaii casts a long shadow over Canada's Afghan war veterans |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/afghan-taliban-panjwaii-canadian-troops-1.6096806 |url-status=live |access-date=10 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812162116/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/afghan-taliban-panjwaii-canadian-troops-1.6096806 |archive-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> Taliban juga mengepung kota [[Ghazni]] di
Pada 12 Juli, Presiden Turkmenistan [[Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow]] memerintahkan pengerahan pasukan tentara, kendaraan lapis baja, dan persenjataan ke [[Perbatasan Afghanistan–Turkmenistan|perbatasan
Pada 21 Juli, [[Ketua Kepala Staf Gabungan Amerika Serikat]] [[Mark Milley]] melaporkan bahwa sebagian dari seluruh distrik di Afganistan berada di bawah kendali Taliban dan momentum situasi "agaknya" berada di pihak Taliban.<ref name="half">{{Cite news |last=Ali |first=Idrees |last2=Stewart |first2=Phil |date=21 July 2021 |title=Half of all Afghan district centers under Taliban control – U.S. general |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/half-all-afghan-district-centers-under-taliban-control-us-general-2021-07-21/ |url-status=live |access-date=21 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729163918/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/half-all-afghan-district-centers-under-taliban-control-us-general-2021-07-21/ |archive-date=29 July 2021}}</ref> Pada 22 Juli, [[Kementerian Pertahanan Amerika Serikat|Pentagon]] mengonfirmasi bahwa Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat telah melakukan empat serangan udara di Afganistan atas permintaan pejabat Pemerintah Afganistan. Dua serangan udara ditujukan untuk menghancukan peralatan militer yang direbut Taliban dari pasukan keamanan Afganistan; satu senjata artileri dan satu kendaraan militer hancur dalam serangan tersebut.<ref name="wapo21" /> Sementara itu, pertempuran di Kandahar terus berlanjut, dengan sebagian besar pemukiman penduduk dikepung oleh para pemberontak. Seluruh distrik di Kandahar kecuali [[Distrik Daman]] jatuh ke pihak Taliban, dan hanya Lapangan Terbang Kandahar (penting untuk menyuplai pasukan keamanan setempat) yang masih berada di bawah kendali penuh pemerintah. Menurut ''FDD's Long War Journal'', potensi kejatuhan Distrik Daman kepada para pemberontak akan membuat posisi pasukan pemerintah
Pada 24 Juli, Pemerintah Afganistan memberlakukan jam lama antara pukul 22.00 hingga 04.00 di seluruh provinsi di Afganistan kecuali Kabul, Panjshir, dan Nangarhar untuk "meredam kerusuhan dan mengurangi pergerakan dan kemajuan Taliban".<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 July 2021 |title=Afghanistan imposes night curfew to curb Taliban advance |agency=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/24/afghanistan-imposes-night-curfew-amid-surge-in-taliban-advance |url-status=live |access-date=24 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724130729/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/24/afghanistan-imposes-night-curfew-amid-surge-in-taliban-advance |archive-date=24 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="The War has come to their doors" |url=https://www.promethean.news/news/the-war-has-come-to-their-doors |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724172845/https://www.promethean.news/news/the-war-has-come-to-their-doors |archive-date=24 July 2021 |access-date=24 July 2021 |website=Promethean |publisher=Promethean News}}</ref>
[[
Pada 26 Juli, sebuah laporan yang dibuat oleh [[Deborah Lyons]], seorang perwakilan PBB, menunjukkan peningkatan tajam dalam jumlah kematian warga sipil sebagai dampak dari pertempuran Pemerintah Afganistan dan Taliban. Lyons memohon kepada kedua belah pihak untuk melindungi warga sipil dengan mengatakan bahwa perempuan dan anak-anak juga menjadi korban tewas.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 July 2021 |title=UN warns of spike in Afghan civilian deaths |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/un-warns-of-spike-in-afghan-civilian-deaths/a-58640128 |url-status=live |access-date=26 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726102012/https://www.dw.com/en/un-warns-of-spike-in-afghan-civilian-deaths/a-58640128 |archive-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, sekitar 46 anggota tentara Afganistan, termasuk 5 perwira, mencari suaka di Pakistan setelah mereka tidak mampu mempertahankan pos militer mereka.<ref name="desert" />
Pada 28 Juli, sebuah delegasi dari Taliban bertemu dengan [[Kementerian Luar Negeri Tiongkok|Menteri Luar Negeri Tiongkok]] [[Wang Yi (politikus)|Wang Yi]] di [[Tianjin]], di mana Menteri Yi berjanji Tiongkok akan mendukung Taliban dengan syarat agar Taliban memutus hubungan dengan [[Partai Islam Turkistan|Gerakan Islam Turkistan]] (hingga tahun 2002, 400 militan di daerah [[Xinjiang]] telah dilatih di tempat pelatihan milik Taliban),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tan |first=Rebecca |date=28 July 2021 |title=China hosts Taliban leaders as U.S. withdraws troops from Afghanistan |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/taliban-china-afghanistan/2021/07/28/fdfbe024-ef88-11eb-81b2-9b7061a582d8_story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812162158/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/taliban-china-afghanistan/2021/07/28/fdfbe024-ef88-11eb-81b2-9b7061a582d8_story.html |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=30 July 2021 |website=[[Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Millers |first=Steven Lee |date=28 July 2021 |title=China Offers the Taliban a Warm Welcome While Urging Peace Talks |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/28/world/asia/china-taliban-afghanistan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729205607/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/28/world/asia/china-taliban-afghanistan.html |archive-date=29 July 2021 |access-date=30 July 2021 |website=[[New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Deng |first=Chao |date=28 July 2021 |title=China Meets With Taliban, Stepping Up as U.S. Exits Afghanistan |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-meets-with-taliban-stepping-up-as-u-s-exits-afghanistan-11627492777 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729225434/https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-meets-with-taliban-stepping-up-as-u-s-exits-afghanistan-11627492777 |archive-date=29 July 2021 |access-date=30 July 2021 |website=[[Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref><ref name="Dou Tan 2021">{{Cite web |last=Dou |first=Eva |last2=Tan |first2=Rebecca |date=17 August 2021 |title=China faces threat in volatile borderlands after Afghanistan falls to the Taliban |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/afghanistan-china-xinjiang-taliban/2021/08/17/4f1fad12-fefe-11eb-87e0-7e07bd9ce270_story.html |access-date=18 August 2021 |website=[[Washington Post]] |language=en}}</ref>
Pada 31 Juli, Taliban telah memasuki ibu kota provinsi [[Provinsi Helmand|Helmand]] dan [[Provinsi Herat|Herat]], merebut sejumlah distrik di kedua provinsi tersebut dan merebut perlintasan perbatasan Afganistan dengan Iran dan Turkmenistan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 July 2021 |title=Taliban fighters enter provincial capital, clash with Afghan forces |agency=Euronews |url=https://www.euronews.com/2021/07/31/us-afghanistan-conflict |url-status=live |access-date=31 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731123303/https://www.euronews.com/2021/07/31/us-afghanistan-conflict |archive-date=31 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=31 July 2021 |title=Taliban and Afghan forces clash again outside Herat city |work=[[France24]] |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210731-taliban-and-afghan-forces-clash-again-outside-herat-city |url-status=live |access-date=31 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731120225/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210731-taliban-and-afghan-forces-clash-again-outside-herat-city |archive-date=31 July 2021}}</ref> Distrik Karakh di Provinsi Herat dan beberapa distrik lainnya kembali direbut oleh para pemberontak. Pemberontakan tersebut juga memutus akses jalan menuju [[Bandar Udara Internasional Herat]] dan kota Herat, meskipun Bandara Herat tetap di bawah kendali pemerintah. Sebuah artikel yang ditulis di ''FDD's Long War Journal'' meragukan kemampuan Pemerintah Afganistan dalam menjaga kendali kota Herat tanpa adanya dukungan kepada para pembela pemerintah dari bandara tersebut. Sementara itu, kota Kandahar masih tetap diperebutkan.<ref name="lwj-herat" />
[[
Sejak 1 hingga 2 Agustus, wilayah Safian, Qala-i-Kohneh, dan Kariz di pinggiran kota [[Lashkargah]] jatuh ke pihak Taliban. Pertempuran antara tentara Pemerintah Afganistan dan Taliban juga terjadi di pinggiran kota tersebut, dengan Angkatan Udara Afganistan dan Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat menyerang posisi Taliban. Pada 3 Agustus, sebanyak 40 warga sipil tewas 100 lainnya terluka dalam pertempuran tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Latest updates on Helmand front, 2 August 2021 |url=https://english.iswnews.com/19938/afghanistan-latest-updates-on-helmand-front-2-august-2021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802184738/https://english.iswnews.com/19938/afghanistan-latest-updates-on-helmand-front-2-august-2021/ |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=IWN |language=en-US}}</ref> Setelah merebut stasiun radio Lashkargah, Taliban mulai menyiarkan program radio ''Voice of Sharia''. Para pemberontak juga mulai menyerang Bandara Lashkargah. Sementara itu, Pemerintah Afganistan mengerahkan pasukan tentara tambahan untuk mencegah kota Lashkargah jatuh ke pihak pemberontak.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=5 August 2021 |title=Taliban, Afghan forces battle for control of Helmand's capital |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-afghan-forces-battle-for-control-of-helmands-capital.php |url-status=live |access-date=2 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802213859/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-afghan-forces-battle-for-control-of-helmands-capital.php |archive-date=2 August 2021}}</ref>
Pada 3 Agustus, sebanyak 13 orang—termasuk lima pelaku penyerangan—tewas dalam pengeboman dan baku tembak Taliban di Kabul.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2021 |title=Taliban attack in Kabul kills 13 and shows deadly switch in tactics |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/taliban-kabul-attack-afghanistan-tactics-b1896577.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811020502/https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/taliban-kabul-attack-afghanistan-tactics-b1896577.html |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Operasi bergaya [[inghimasi]] yang dilakukan oleh "Batalyon Kemartiran" Taliban tersebut ditujukan untuk membunuh Menteri Pertahanan Afganistan [[Bismillah Khan Mohammadi]]; ia selamat dari serangan tersebut. ''FDD's Long War Journal'' menggambarkan Mohammadi sebagai salah satu tokoh penting Pemerintah Afganistan yang bertanggung jawab untuk melawan serangan Taliban.<ref name="martyrdom unit" />
Hingga 5 Agustus, sebanyak 115 anggota pasukan ANSF dan 58 warga sipil tewas dalam pertempuran melawan Taliban, sedangkan Kementerian Pertahanan Afganistan mengklaim pihaknya telah menewaskan 3.197 gerilyawan Taliban sejak awal bulan Agustus.<ref name="
===Kejatuhan ibu kota provinsi===
Baris 178 ⟶ 180:
|-
| [[Provinsi Baghlan|Baghlan]]
| [[Pol-e Khomri
| 8
|-
Baris 200 ⟶ 202:
|-
| [[Provinsi Kandahar|Kandahar]]
| [[Kandahar (kota)|Kandahar]]
| 13
|-
Baris 217 ⟶ 219:
|-
| [[Provinsi Zabul|Zabul]]
| [[Qalāt
|-
| [[Provinsi Oruzgan|Oruzgan]]
Baris 224 ⟶ 226:
| rowspan="7" |14 Agustus
| [[Provinsi Paktia|Paktia]]
| [[Gardēz
| 19
|-
Baris 285 ⟶ 287:
|-
| Kendali pemerintah
| [[
| [[Bazarak]]
|
Baris 291 ⟶ 293:
|}
Pada 6 Agustus, Taliban membunuh Dawa Khan Minapal, kepala
Pada 7 Agustus, Taliban merebut [[Sheberghan]], menjadikannya sebagai ibu kota provinsi kedua yang direbut Taliban.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmad |first=Jail |title=Sheberghan: Taliban captures second Afghan provincial capital |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/7/taliban-advance-on-second-afghan-provincial-capital-in-24-hours |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807114221/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/7/taliban-advance-on-second-afghan-provincial-capital-in-24-hours |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=AlJazeera |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> [[Abdul Rashid Dostam]], seorang mantan panglima perang dan pemimpin kuat yang telah lama memimpin kota tersebut, membawa serta para pengikutnya untuk melarikan diri ke [[Distrik Khwaja Du Koh]], satu-satunya wilayah di Provinsi Jowzjan yang masih di bawah kekuasaan pemerintah. Sementara itu, pasukan pendukung pemerintah telah berkurang menjadi kantong perlawanan di Laskhargah, sedangkan Kandahar dan Herat masih dalam perebutan sengit antara pemerintah dan Taliban. Para pemberontak juga melancarkan serangan bertubi-tubi ke ibu kota provinsi lainnya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=7 August 2021 |title=Taliban takes second provincial capital |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-takes-second-provincial-capital.php |url-status=live |access-date=7 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807134309/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-takes-second-provincial-capital.php |archive-date=7 August 2021}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, pesawat pembom [[Boeing B-52 Stratofortress|B-52]] milik Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat melancarkan serangan udara melawan Taliban di Afganistan, terbang dari [[Pangkalan Udara Al Udeid]] di [[Qatar]].<ref name="Airstrikes-3">{{Cite news |last=Evans |first=Michael |date=7 August 2021 |title=US unleashes B-52s in bid to stem Taliban advance |work=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/us-sends-gunships-and-bombers-to-beat-back-taliban-pmf3j7wqq |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807224420/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/us-sends-gunships-and-bombers-to-beat-back-taliban-pmf3j7wqq |archive-date=7 August 2021}}</ref> Amerika Serikat juga mengerahkan pesawat nirawak [[MQ-9 Reaper|MQ-9]] yang dipersenjatai dan [[Lockheed AC-130|AC-130
Pada 8 Agustus, Taliban merebut [[Kondoz|Kunduz]]
[[
Pada 9 Agustus, Taliban merebut [[Samangan|Aybak]], ibu kota [[Provinsi Samangan]].<ref name="pc6">{{Cite news |last=Latifi |first=Ali M |date=9 August 2021 |title=Taliban captures sixth Afghanistan provincial capital: Official |publisher=Al Jazeera English |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/9/taliban-captures-sixth-afghanistan-provincial-capital-official |url-status=live |access-date=9 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809120808/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/9/taliban-captures-sixth-afghanistan-provincial-capital-official |archive-date=9 August 2021}}</ref> Wakil Gubernur Provinsi Samangan Sefatullah Samangani mengatakan kepada kantor berita [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] bahwa pasukan pemerintah telah ditarik dari Aybak tanpa perlawanan setelah perwakilan masyarakat meminta agar tidak
Pertempuran semakin menjadi di sekitar Mazari Sharif pada 10 Agustus. Di [[Farah, Afganistan|Farah]], ibu kota [[Provinsi Farah]], Taliban mengambil alih kendali kompleks kantor gubernur setelah terlibat pertempuran besar dengan pasukan pemerintah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2021 |title=Taliban control 65% of Afghanistan, EU official says, after series of sudden gains |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taliban-tighten-control-afghan-north-residents-weigh-options-2021-08-10/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810145421/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/taliban-tighten-control-afghan-north-residents-weigh-options-2021-08-10/ |archive-date=10 August 2021 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Taliban juga mengambil alih kendali kantor pusat polisi dan penjara. Meskipun pertempuran besar terus berlanjut, Farah pada akhirnya menjadi ibu kota provinsi ketujuh yang jatuh ke pihak Taliban.<ref name="pc7">{{Cite news |title=Taliban seizes seventh Afghan provincial capital in five days |language=en |work=www.aljazeera.com |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/10/taliban-seizes-farah-seventh-provincial-afghan-capital-in-five-days |url-status=live |access-date=10 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810144657/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/10/taliban-seizes-farah-seventh-provincial-afghan-capital-in-five-days |archive-date=10 August 2021}}</ref> [[
Pada 11 Agustus, [[Fayzabad, Badakhshan|Fayzabad]] yang merupakan ibu kota [[Provinsi Badakhshan]] menjadi ibu kota provinsi kesembilan yang jatuh ke pihak Taliban. Setelah Taliban mencapai gerbang masuk kota, pasukan pemerintah memutuskan untuk mundur ke [[Distrik Farkhar]] dan bergabung dengan pasukan keamanan di sana yang takluk dari Taliban dalam kejatuhan kota Taloqan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2021 |title=Taliban captures 9th provincial capital in a week in Afghanistan |url=https://www.laprensalatina.com/taliban-captures-9th-provincial-capital-in-a-week-in-afghanistan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811105411/https://www.laprensalatina.com/taliban-captures-9th-provincial-capital-in-a-week-in-afghanistan/ |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=La Prensa Latina Media |language=en-US |agency=EFE}}</ref> Sebelum invasi Amerika Serikat di Afganistan, Fayzabad telah menjadi lokasi kantor pusat [[Aliansi Utara]].<ref name="pc9">{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=10 August 2021 |title=Former headquarters of Northern Alliance falls under Taliban control |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/former-headquarters-of-northern-alliance-falls-under-taliban-control.php |url-status=live |access-date=11 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810213946/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/former-headquarters-of-northern-alliance-falls-under-taliban-control.php |archive-date=10 August 2021}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, Taliban merebut [[Bandar Udara Kunduz]] dan sebuah pangkalan militer milik [[Korps ke-217 (Afganistan)|Korps Pamir ke-217]] pasca menyerahnya ratusan tentara Afganistan, sehingga mengamankan kendali Taliban atas peralatan militer mereka di Kunduz. Pangkalan militer tersebut bertanggung jawab atas keamanan Provinsi Kunduz, Takhar, dan Badakhshan, dan juga merupakan salah satu pangkalan militer di Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Noori |first=Qiam |last2=Hesam |first2=Hesamuddin |last3=Dpa |date=12 August 2021 |title=Mass surrender gives Taliban Afghan base |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7382348/mass-surrender-gives-taliban-afghan-base/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811181020/https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7382348/mass-surrender-gives-taliban-afghan-base/ |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=The Canberra Times |language=en-AU}}</ref> Peristiwa kejatuhan tersebut semakin menurunkan moral tentara Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan, dan secara efektif membuat serangan balasan yang dilakukan Pemerintah Afganistan untuk membebaskan Mazari Sharif menjadi
Pada 12 Agustus, Taliban merebut [[Ghazni]], menjadikannya sebagai ibu kota provinsi kesepuluh yang jatuh ke pihak Taliban dalam kurun waktu satu minggu. Ghazni terletak di sepanjang [[Jalan Raya Kabul–Kandahar|jalan raya Kabul–Kandahar]] dan menjadi gerbang masuk antara Kabul dan benteng-benteng di daerah selatan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2021 |title=Taliban take strategic Ghazni city as Afghan army chief is replaced |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/12/afghanistan-taliban-lashkar-gah--army-chief-is-replaced |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812083506/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/12/afghanistan-taliban-lashkar-gah--army-chief-is-replaced |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Varshalomidze |first=Tamila |date=12 August 2021 |title=Taliban captures Ghazni city, all government officials flee: Live |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/12/afghanistan-taliban-kandahar-prison-police-ghazni-live-updates |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812162117/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/12/afghanistan-taliban-kandahar-prison-police-ghazni-live-updates |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2021 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]]}}</ref><ref name="pc10">{{Cite news |date=12 August 2021 |title=Taliban move closer to capital after taking Ghazni city |publisher=France24 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210812-taliban-move-closer-to-capital-after-taking-ghazni-city |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812162108/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210812-taliban-move-closer-to-capital-after-taking-ghazni-city |archive-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> Gubernur Provinsi Ghazni kemudian ditangkap di [[Provinsi Maidan
Sepanjang malam di hari yang sama, [[Pertempuran Kandahar (2021)|Kandahar direbut]] oleh Taliban: pertempuran besar di sekitar kota Kandahar berujung pada perebutan Kandahar oleh Taliban dan penarikan pasukan [[Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan]], dan meningkatkan jumlah ibu kota provinsi yang dikendalikan Taliban menjadi 13 ibu kota provinsi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akhgar |first=Tameem |date=12 August 2021 |title=Taliban take Kandahar, Herat in major Afghanistan offensive |url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-afghanistan-taliban-26d485963b7a0d9f2107afcbc38f239a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812043017/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-afghanistan-taliban-26d485963b7a0d9f2107afcbc38f239a |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2021 |website=Apnews |publisher=APNews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Goldbaum |first=Christina |date=12 August 2021 |title=Afghanistan Collapse Accelerates as 2 Vital Cities Near Fall to Taliban |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/12/world/asia/kandahar-afghanistan-taliban.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812174047/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/12/world/asia/kandahar-afghanistan-taliban.html |archive-date=12 August 2021}}</ref>
Setelah pertempuran selama berminggu-minggu dalam [[Pertempuran Laskhargah]],
[[Berkas:President_Joe_Biden_and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_hold_a_video_conference_with_the_national_security_team_to_discuss_the_ongoing_efforts_to_draw_down_our_civilian_footprint_in_Afghanistan.jpg|jmpl|Presiden AS [[Joe Biden]] dalam sebuah konferensi melalui video dengan Wakil Presiden [[Kamala Harris]] dan tim [[Dewan Keamanan Nasional Amerika Serikat|Dewan Keamanan Nasional]] untuk membahas situasi di Afganistan, 14 Agustus 2021.]]
Pada 14 Agustus, Taliban merebut tujuh ibu kota provinsi; [[Gardez]], [[Sharana]], [[Asadabad, Afghanistan|Asadabad]], [[Maymana, Faryab|Maymana]], [[Mihtarlam]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2021 |title=Afghan MP: Taliban capture city northeast of Kabul |url=https://www.worldnationnews.com/afghan-mp-taliban-capture-city-northeast-of-kabul/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815183744/https://www.worldnationnews.com/afghan-mp-taliban-capture-city-northeast-of-kabul/ |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=World Nation News |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Nili, Daykundi|Nili]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghan lawmaker says central province of Daykundi surrendered to Taliban, with only two gunshots heard in capital, Nili |url=https://www.startribune.com/afghan-lawmaker-says-central-province-of-daykundi-surrendered-to-taliban-with-only-two-gunshots-hea/600087899/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814192201/https://www.startribune.com/afghan-lawmaker-says-central-province-of-daykundi-surrendered-to-taliban-with-only-two-gunshots-hea/600087899/ |archive-date=14 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Star Tribune}}</ref> dan [[Mazari Sharif]] yang merupakan kota terbesar keempat di Afganistan. Dua panglima perang anti-Taliban yang terkenal sejak lama, yaitu Abdul Rashid Dostam dan [[Atta Muhammad Nur]], meninggalkan Afganistan menuju Uzbekistan.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Trofimov |first=Yaroslav |last2=Amiri |first2=Ehsanullah |date=14 August 2021 |title=As Taliban Encircle Kabul, Afghan President Says He Seeks to Avoid Further Bloodshed |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/afghan-president-ashraf-ghani-says-he-wants-to-avoid-bloodshed-as-taliban-encircle-kabul-11628939781 |url-status=live |access-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814143335/https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/afghan-president-ashraf-ghani-says-he-wants-to-avoid-bloodshed-as-taliban-encircle-kabul-11628939781 |archive-date=14 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2021 |title=Alert: Afghan lawmaker says the capital of Laghman province, northeast of Kabul, has fallen to the Taliban without a fight |url=https://www.theintelligencer.com/news/article/Alert-Afghan-lawmaker-says-the-capital-of-16387310.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815183814/https://www.theintelligencer.com/news/article/Alert-Afghan-lawmaker-says-the-capital-of-16387310.php |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=The Edwardsville Intelligencer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban capture key northern city, approach Afghan capital |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/taliban-capture-key-northern-city-approach-afghan-capital/2141570 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815183757/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/taliban-capture-key-northern-city-approach-afghan-capital/2141570 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Outlook India}}</ref> Abas Ebrahimzada, seorang anggota parlemen dari [[Provinsi Balkh]], mengatakan bahwa di kota [[Mazari Sharif]], tentara Angkatan Darat sudah terlebih dahulu menyerah, yang menyebabkan milisi pendukung pemerintah dan pasukan lainnya kehilangan moral dan menyerah di hadapan serangan Taliban di kota tersebut. Pasca kejatuhan Mazari Sharif, Atta Muhammad Nur mengunggah sebuah pernyataan di jejaring sosial [[Facebook]] bahwa kekalahannya di Mazari Sharif telah direncanakan dan menganggap pasukan pemerintah bertanggung jawab atas kekalahan tersebut. Nur tidak menjelaskan siapa di balik konspirasi tersebut maupun memberikan rincian mengenai konspirasi tersebut, selain mengatakan bahwa ia dan Dostam berada di tempat yang aman.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seir |first=Ahmad |last2=Akhgar |first2=Tameem |last3=Faiez |first3=Rahim |last4=Krauss |first4=Joseph |date=14 August 2021 |title=Taliban capture key northern city, approach Afghan capital |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-taliban-f600d6faf28e9c2ccb454ad176987b19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814185746/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-business-taliban-f600d6faf28e9c2ccb454ad176987b19 |archive-date=14 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, pasukan Taliban juga memasuki [[Maidan Shar]], ibu kota [[Provinsi Maidan Wardak|Provinsi Maidan Wadak]]. Pada titik ini, para pemberontak telah mengepung sekeliling Kabul, sementara Angkatan Darat Nasional Afganistan telah jatuh ke dalam kekacauan setelah kekalahannya yang cepat di seluruh Afganistan. Hanya [[Korps ke-201 (Afganistan)|Korps ke-201]] dan Divisi ke-111 yang tersisa untuk operasional Angkatan Darat, di mana keduanya berbasis di Kabul.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roggio |first=Bill |date=14 August 2021 |title=Taliban encircling Afghan capital Kabul, prepping final assault through east |publisher=FDD's Long War Journal |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-encircling-afghan-capital-kabul-prepping-final-assault-through-east.php |url-status=live |access-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814180839/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/taliban-encircling-afghan-capital-kabul-prepping-final-assault-through-east.php |archive-date=14 August 2021}}</ref>
Pada
Pada 16 Agustus, [[Aktivitas CIA di Afganistan|Pasukan Pelindung Khost]] (KPF), sebuah satuan milisi yang dibentuk oleh [[CIA]] di tahun-tahun pertama invasi Amerika Serikat di Afganistan, menyerah kepada pasukan Taliban di timur Afganistan setelah berupaya untuk melarikan diri ke [[Provinsi Paktia]]. Menurut laporan dari seorang wartawan yang dikutip oleh [[Interfax]], sekitar 6.000 prajurit KPF dalam 1.200 kendaraan menyerah kepada Taliban, dengan video detik-detik penyerahan teresebut diunggah melalui media sosial.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=US-created special forces surrender to Taliban in Khost province |work=Interfax |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/784770 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816202716/https://www.interfax.ru/world/784770 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |accessdate=17 August 2021}}</ref>
===Pengangkutan udara oleh NATO===
{{main|Operasi Allies Refuge|Operasi Pitting}}
[[
Pada 12 Agustus, beberapa jam pasca kejatuhan [[Herat]], Pemerintah Amerika Serikat dan [[Britania Raya]] mengumumkan pengerahan masing-masing sebanyak 3.000 dan 600 pasukan tentara ke Bandara Kabul untuk mengamankan proses [[pengangkutan udara]] warga negaranya berikut staf kedutaan besar dan warga sipil Afganistan yang bekerja dengan pasukan koalisi untuk keluar dari Afganistan. Para pejabat pemerintah mengatakan bahwa pengerahan pertama akan dilakukan dalam kurun waktu 24 hingga 48 jam, dan pengerahan tersebut akan selesai pada akhir bulan Agustus. Menurut sumber tersebut, rencananya pengangkutan udara tersebut akan menggunakan [[Penyewaan udara|pesawat sewaan]] untuk melakukan evakuasi menggunakan Bandara Kabul yang saat itu masih dibuka untuk penerbangan komersial, tetapi pesawat militer akan digunakan jika situasi menjadi tidak memungkinkan. Menurut Pemerintah Britania Raya, proses evakuasi dan waktunya telah lama direncanakan, sedangkan seorang pejabat Pemerintah Afganistan mengatakan bahwa waktu evakuasi tersebut dimajukan mengingat situasi keamanan yang memburuk dengan cepat. Selain mengerahkan 3.000 pasukan tentara
=== Kejatuhan Kabul ===
{{main|Kejatuhan Kabul (2021)}}
[[
Pada 15 Agustus, meskipun Taliban mengeluarkan pernyataan yang mengatakan bahwa "pihaknya tidak memiliki rencana untuk mengambil alih ibu kota negara Afganistan 'dengan paksa'", Taliban memasuki pinggiran kota Kabul dari beberapa penjuru, termasuk dari [[Distrik Kalakan]], [[Distrik Qarabagh, Kabul|Distrik Qarabagh]], dan [[Distrik Paghman]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Taliban enter Kabul from all sides |language=en |work=www.aljazeera.com |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/15/taliban-enter-kabul-from-all-sides |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815081408/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/15/taliban-enter-kabul-from-all-sides |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> Dilaporkan terjadi pemadaman listrik di seluruh Kabul dan adanya kemungkinan serangan dan pemberontakan narapidana di [[Penjara Pul-e-Charkhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Heavy fighting ongoing on the outskirts of Kabul as of early Aug. 15; a total blackout reported in the city |url=https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/513486/afghanistan-heavy-fighting-ongoing-on-the-outskirts-of-kabul-as-of-early-aug-15-a-total-blackout-reported-in-the-city |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815010510/https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/513486/afghanistan-heavy-fighting-ongoing-on-the-outskirts-of-kabul-as-of-early-aug-15-a-total-blackout-reported-in-the-city |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2021 |title=Kabul: US starts evacuating embassy as Taliban reach outskirts of Afghanistan capital |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/15/taliban-afghanistan-kabul-evacuations-jalalabad |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815081821/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/15/taliban-afghanistan-kabul-evacuations-jalalabad |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=15 August 2021 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Beberapa helikopter [[Boeing CH-47 Chinook|CH-47]] dan [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|UH-60]] mulai mendarat di kedutaan besar Amerika Serikat di Kabul untuk melakukan evakuasi, dan para diplomat
[[Kementerian Dalam Negeri Afganistan]] mengumumkan bahwa Presiden [[Ashraf Ghani]] telah memutuskan untuk melepaskan kekuasaannya dan sebuah pemerintahan sementara yang dipimpin oleh Taliban akan dibentuk;<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2021 |title=Afghan president to abdicate after Taliban entered Kabul: Sources |language=en |work=Al Arabiya English |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2021/08/15/Taliban-begin-offensive-on-Kabul-Interior-Ministry |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815074007/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2021/08/15/Taliban-begin-offensive-on-Kabul-Interior-Ministry |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> mantan presiden [[Hamid Karzai]] direncanakan akan menjadi bagian dari tim negosiasi tersebut.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2021 |title=Ghani, Political Leaders Agree to Form Team for Negotiations |agency=[[TOLO News]] |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174232 |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814163643/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174232 |archive-date=14 August 2021}}</ref> Taliban memerintahkan para gerilyawannya untuk menunggu pemindahan kekuasaan secara damai dan tidak memasuki Kabul secara paksa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2021 |title=Taliban Says It Will Not Enter Kabul by Force |agency=[[TOLO News]] |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174245 |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815095821/https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-174245 |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref>
Pada hari yang sama, dilaporkan bahwa Presiden Ashraf Ghani telah meninggalkan Afganistan menuju [[Tajikistan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Batchelor |first=Tom |date=15 August 2021 |title=Afghan president Ashraf Ghani flees capital Kabul for Tajikistan as Taliban enter city |work=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/central-asia/afghanistan-taliban-ashraf-ghani-flee-b1902917.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815164417/https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/central-asia/afghanistan-taliban-ashraf-ghani-flee-b1902917.html |archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> Kepergian Ghani dari Afganistan dikritik oleh sebagian besar rakyat Afganistan dan pemerhati dari luar negeri.<ref name="Departure-1">{{Cite web |last=Latifi |first=Ali M. |date=15 August 2021 |title='Unpatriotic': Afghans slam President Ghani's swift departure |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/15/a-disgrace-people-in-afghanistan-slam-ghanis-swift-departure |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815232326/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/15/a-disgrace-people-in-afghanistan-slam-ghanis-swift-departure |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Departure-2">{{Cite web |date=16 August 2021 |title=God will hold him accountable: Afghans slam Ashraf Ghani's sudden departure |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/international/world-news-politics/god-will-hold-him-accountable-afghans-slam-ashraf-ghanis-sudden-departure-1020234.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816165854/https://www.deccanherald.com/international/world-news-politics/god-will-hold-him-accountable-afghans-slam-ashraf-ghanis-sudden-departure-1020234.html |archive-date=16 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
[[
Pada hari yang sama pula, sebuah [[EMB-314]] dari [[Angkatan Udara Afganistan]] dan sebuah [[Mikoyan MiG-29|MiG-29]] dari [[Angkatan Udara Uzbekistan]] terlibat tabrakan di udara dan jatuh di [[Provinsi Surxondaryo]] di Uzbekistan. Pilot kedua pesawat tersebut melontarkan diri dan mendarat dengan parasut.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=Границу с Узбекистаном пересекли 22 военных самолёта и 24 вертолёта Афганистана |publisher=Gazete Uzbekistan |url=https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2021/08/16/borders-uzbekistan |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816163049/https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2021/08/16/borders-uzbekistan/ |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> Sebelumnya di hari itu, Uzbekistan mengatakan bahwa pihaknya telah menahan 84 tentara Afganistan yang melintasi perbatasan untuk mencari pertolongan medis ketika melarikan diri dari serangan Taliban.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=Afghan military jet shot down by Uzbek air defences |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-military-jet-crashes-uzbekistan-report-2021-08-16/ |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816215009/http://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghan-military-jet-crashes-uzbekistan-report-2021-08-16/ |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref>
Pada 16 Agustus, dalam sebuah wawancara dengan [[Al Jazeera]],
Pada 23 Agustus,
==Kejahatan perang==
Pada 16 Juni di distrik [[Dawlat Abad, Faryab|Dawlat Abad]], sebanyak 22 anggota komando Pasukan Khusus Afganistan tanpa senjata dieksekusi mati oleh Taliban ketika mereka berupaya untuk menyerah kepada pasukan Taliban. Sebuah video mengenai peristiwa tersebut beredar secara luas dan ditayangkan oleh [[CNN]]. Samira Hamidi dari [[Amnesty International]] menggambarkan peristiwa tersebut sebagai "pembunuhan berdarah dingin terhadap tentara yang menyerah – sebuah kejahatan perang". Hamidi menyerukan penyelidikan terhadap peristiwa tersebut sebagai bagian dari [[Pengadilan Kriminal Internasional di Afganistan|penyelidikan Pengadilan Kriminal Internasional di Afganistan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coren |first=Anna |last2=Sidhu |first2=Sandi |last3=Lister |first3=Tim |last4=Bina |first4=Abdul Basir |date=2021-07-14 |title=Taliban fighters execute 22 Afghan commandos as they try to surrender |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/13/asia/afghanistan-taliban-commandos-killed-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=2021-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805235522/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/13/asia/afghanistan-taliban-commandos-killed-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-date=2021-08-05}}</ref>
Amnesty International mencatat sebuah peristiwa pembantaian kelompok minoritas Hazara oleh Taliban di awal bulan Juli di [[Provinsi Ghazni]] sebagai "indikator mengerikan".<ref name="HazaraMassacre">{{Cite news |date=20 August 2021 |title=Afghanistan: Taliban 'tortured and massacred' men from Hazara minority |agency=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58277463}}</ref> Para laki-laki dari kelompok Hazara secara acak ditembak dan disiksa hingga tewas, di mana salah satu
Pada 6 Agustus, pasukan Taliban mengklaim bertanggung jawab atas peristiwa pada 5 Agustus, yaitu pembunuhan
==
=== Strategi Taliban ===
Selama [[Perang Saudara Afganistan (1996–2001)]], perlawanan terkuat terhadap Taliban berasal dari wilayah utara Afganistan, di mana wilayah tersebut merupakan basis [[Aliansi Utara]]. Menurut [[Jaringan Analis Afganistan]], konsentrasi pasukan Taliban di wilayah utara kemungkinan merupakan upaya Taliban untuk mencegah terjadinya pembentukan Aliansi Utara kedua setelah pasukan Amerika Serikat ditarik dari Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 July 2021|title=A Quarter of Afghanistan's Districts Fall to the Taleban amid Calls for a 'Second Resistance'|url=https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/war-and-peace/a-quarter-of-afghanistans-districts-fall-to-the-taleban-amid-calls-for-a-second-resistance/|website=Afghanistan Analysts Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710093910/https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/war-and-peace/a-quarter-of-afghanistans-districts-fall-to-the-taleban-amid-calls-for-a-second-resistance/|archive-date=10 July 2021|access-date=10 July 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Andrew Watkins, analis senior Afganistan di [[International Crisis Group]], mengatakan bahwa tidak ada bukti bahwa Taliban telah meningkatkan kekuatannya untuk melakukan penyerangan, selain memanfaatkan beberapa orang dari 5.000 pemberontak yang sebelumnya telah dibebaskan.<ref name="manpower-1">{{Cite web|last=Trofimov|first=Yaroslav|date=14 August 2021|title=How the Taliban Overran the Afghan Army, Built by the U.S. Over 20 Years|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/afghanistan-army-collapse-taliban-11628958253|website=Wall Street Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815053445/https://www.wsj.com/articles/afghanistan-army-collapse-taliban-11628958253|archive-date=15 August 2021|access-date=15 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Watkins percaya skenario Taliban berubah begitu Amerika Serikat mengakhiri serangan udara di Afganistan. Watkins mengatakan dengan berakhirnya serangan udara Amerika Serikat, hal tersebut memberikan keleluasasaan pergerakan bagi para pemberontak dan mereka dapat kembali membentuk kelompoknya, merencanakan, dan memperkuat jalur pasokannya tanpa dihantui rasa takut dari serangan udara Amerika Serikat.<ref name="manpower-1" />
=== Masalah di pasukan Afganistan ===
Masalah umum yang diketahui di kalangan militer Afganistan adalah adanya sejumlah perwira Angkatan Darat Afganistan yang terkenal korup dan memimpin [[Tentara bayangan|batalyon bayangan]] serta membayar gaji para anggota batalyon tersebut.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Sisk|first=Richard|date=2 August 2019|title=Afghanistan Loses 42,000 Troops in Crackdown on 'Ghost Soldiers'|url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/08/02/afghanistan-loses-42000-troops-crackdown-ghost-soldiers.html|website=Military.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814222415/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/08/02/afghanistan-loses-42000-troops-crackdown-ghost-soldiers.html|archive-date=14 August 2021|access-date=15 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=13 August 2021|title=Ghost soldiers emblematic of a problem that has plagued Afghanistan's security for decades — corruption|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/international/ghost-soldiers-emblematic-of-a-problem-that-has-plagued-afghanistans-security-for-decades-corruption-1019270.html|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813140953/https://www.deccanherald.com/international/ghost-soldiers-emblematic-of-a-problem-that-has-plagued-afghanistans-security-for-decades-corruption-1019270.html|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=15 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam sebuah laporan tahun 2016, [[Inspektur Jenderal Khusus untuk Rekonstruksi Afganistan]] (SIGAR) mengatakan, "baik Amerika Serikat maupun sekutu Afganistannya tidak mengetahui seberapa banyak tentara dan polisi Afganistan yang benar-benar ada, seberapa banyak anggota yang sebenarnya tersedia untuk bertugas, atau, lebih jauh lagi, sifat sebenarnya dari kemampuan operasional mereka." Pada awal tahun 2019, sedikitnya 42.000 tentara bayangan dihapus dari daftar gaji Angkatan Darat Afganistan.<ref name=":0" />
Pada 30 Juli, sebuah laporan SIGAR mengatakan adanya "efek korosif dari korupsi di tubuh ANDSF, ketidakakuratan pada kekuatan sebenarnya dari pasukan Afganistan, kurangnya kesiapan tempur, keinginan untuk berperang, ketidakberlanjutan karena ketergantungan pada peralatan canggih, kurangnya fokus pada kemampuan tingkat menteri, dan kurangnya informasi penting, seperti penilaian kontrol distrik, yang dapat digunakan untuk membantu mengukur kinerja ANDSF dalam beberapa tahun terakhir".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction|date=30 July 2021|title=QUARTERLY REPORT TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS|url=https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/2021-07-30qr.pdf|page=62|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813114240/https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/quarterlyreports/2021-07-30qr.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=15 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Selama bertahun-tahun, [[Kementerian Pertahanan Amerika Serikat|Pentagon]] bertanggung jawab untuk membayarkan gaji secara langsung kepada tentara Afganistan.<ref name="unpaid">{{Cite web|date=15 August 2021|title=The Pentagon mistakes behind the rout of the Afghan army|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210815-the-pentagon-mistakes-behind-the-rout-of-the-afghan-army|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> Tanggung jawab pembayaran gaji tersebut diserahkan kepada Pemerintah Afganistan setelah Amerika Serikat mengumumkan rencana penarikan pasukannya pada bulan April. Sejak saat itu, beberapa anggota tentara Afganistan mengeluhkan mereka belum pernah dibayar selama berbulan-bulan, dan pada sebagian besar kasus, satuan mereka tidak lagi menerima makanan, pasokan, maupun amunisi.<ref name="unpaid" /> Jenderal [[Wesley K. Clark|Wesley Clark]], seorang mantan komandan sekutu tertinggi NATO, mengatakan kepada CNN bahwa sebagian besar tentara Afganistan bekerja di militer Afganistan hanya untuk mendapatkan gaji. Clark mengatakan bahwa militer Afganistan terdiri dari berbagai suku dan faksi yang secara historis saling bertentangan satu sama lain. Clark juga mengatakan bahwa trik lama yang digunakan militer Afganistan adalah memihak kepada pihak yang menang atau setidaknya menjauh dari pihak yang kalah, dan hal tersebut menjadi penyebab kehancuran dari militer Afganistan yang begitu cepat.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 August 2021|title=Former NATO commander speaks to CNN about the Taliban's takeover|url=https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/afghanistan-taliban-us-news-08-18-21/h_10d2c797318aff2a0d10497b762164d5|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref>
Pada 12 Agustus, sejumlah pakar kontra-terorisme internasional dan pejabat Pemerintah Amerika Serikat mengatakan kehancuran [[Pasukan Keamanan Nasional Afganistan]] (ANSF) yang begitu cepat ketika Amerika Serikat menarik pasukannya "seharusnya tidak mengejutkan". Menurut seorang pakar, Taliban telah mampu menggerakkan pasukan mereka secara bebas ke seluruh Afganistan setelah Perjanjian Doha dengan hampir tidak ada intervensi dari pasukan pemerintah Afganistan.<ref name="direction" /> Pada hari yang sama, mantan penasihat Amerika Serikat [[Vali Nasr]] mengatakan, "tidak ada jenis kepemimpinan apapun yang akan memberikan panglima perang setempat alasan mengapa mereka harus melawan Taliban. Jadi, semakin sering mereka melihat kemenangan Taliban yang tak terelakkan, maka akan semakin banyak kemenangan Taliban yang menjadi tak terelakkan, karena Taliban hanya memutus kesepakatannya sendiri dengan mereka".<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=12 August 2021|title=US deserves big share of blame for Afghanistan military disaster|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/12/afghanistan-us-military-analysis-biden-rumsfeld|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814200048/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/12/afghanistan-us-military-analysis-biden-rumsfeld|archive-date=14 August 2021|access-date=14 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Politisasi yang terjadi di militer Afganistan juga memungkinkan politisi yang tidak memenuhi syarat, tetapi setia kepada Presiden Ghani, untuk mengamankan jabatan penting di militer Afganistan.<ref name="350k-2" /> [[Hamdullah Mohib]], penasihat keamanan nasional Presiden Ghani, mengambil kendali langsung atas operasi militer, meskipun ia tidak memiliki pengalaman di dunia militer. Menurut beberapa pejabat senior pemerintah dan diplomat, perintah Mohib sering kali melewati rantai komando yang biasanya.<ref name="Mohib">{{Cite web|last=Labott|first=Elise|date=25 June 2021|title=Can Biden Save Ashraf Ghani?|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/06/25/biden-ashraf-ghani-afghan-government/|website=Foreign Policy|quote=Hamdullah Mohib, his national security advisor with no military experience of his own, set up a command center in Afghanistan’s National Security Council, appointing district commanders and police chiefs over the objection of local leaders—even going so far as to dictate troop deployments and call in specific targets.}}</ref><ref name="manpower-1" />
Mike Martin, seorang mantan perwira tentara Britania Raya, mengatakan Presiden Ghani tidak memiliki keahlian politik untuk mempertahankan kesetiaan rakyatnya terhadap ide nasionalis negara di tengah beragamnya kelompok etnis di Afganistan.<ref name="collapse-1">{{Cite web|last=Kazmin|first=Amy|last2=Parkin|first2=Benjamin|date=15 August 2021|title=Low morale, no support and bad politics: why the Afghan army folded|url=https://www.ft.com/content/b1d2b06d-f938-4443-ba56-242f18da22c3|website=Financial Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816071022/https://www.ft.com/content/b1d2b06d-f938-4443-ba56-242f18da22c3|archive-date=16 August 2021|access-date=16 August 2021|last3=Manson|first3=Katrina|url-status=live}}</ref> Sebagian besar warga Afganistan lebih setia kepada [[Kelompok etnik|etnis]] dan [[puak]] tradisionalnya, bahkan ikatan keluarga daripada kesetiaan mereka kepada militer, yang kemudian dimanfaatkan oleh komandan Taliban di tingkat provinsi untuk menegosiasikan penyerahan sebagian besar pasukan tentara di masing-masing provinsi. Ali Yawar Adili, direktur negara Jaringan Analis Afganistan, mengatakan bahwa pejabat Afganistan—termasuk Ghani—tidak pernah mengira bahwa Amerika Serikat akan menghentikan dukungan udara dan logistiknya kepada pasukan Afganistan.<ref name="collapse-1" /> Pasukan tentara Afganistan sangat bergantung kepada dukungan udara dan logistik yang diberikan Amerika Serikat dan mereka terkejut begitu mengetahui Amerika Serikat menarik dukungannya. Elizabeth Threlkeld, seorang mantan pejabat luar negeri Amerika Serikat, mengatakan pergerakan cepat Taliban dan penyerahan unit Angkatan Darat Afganistan secara damai membuat banyak pihak militer Afganistan mengikuti langkah tersebut.<ref name="collapse-1" />
=== Penilaian Amerika Serikat ===
[[Berkas:P20210708HF-0679_(51362623595).jpg|jmpl|Presiden AS [[Joe Biden]] mengatakan Taliban tidak mungkin memiliki kemampuan untuk menguasai Afganistan, 8 Juli 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 August 2021|title=The Afghan government's collapse is a humiliation for the US and Joe Biden|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/world/asia/2021/08/afghan-government-s-collapse-humiliation-us-and-joe-biden|work=[[New Statesman]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816164152/https://www.newstatesman.com/world/asia/2021/08/afghan-government-s-collapse-humiliation-us-and-joe-biden|archive-date=16 August 2021|access-date=16 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Pada 23 Juni, [[Komunitas Intelijen Amerika Serikat]] memperkirakan pemerintahan Afganistan dapat jatuh dalam waktu enam bulan setelah Amerika Serikat menarik pasukannya dari Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lubold|first=Gordon|last2=Trofimov|first2=Yaroslav|date=23 June 2021|title=Afghan Government Could Collapse Six Months After U.S. Withdrawal, New Intelligence Assessment Says|url=https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/afghan-government-could-collapse-six-months-after-u-s-withdrawal-new-intelligence-assessment-says-11624466743|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809231041/https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/afghan-government-could-collapse-six-months-after-u-s-withdrawal-new-intelligence-assessment-says-11624466743|archive-date=9 August 2021|access-date=10 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 10 Agustus, pejabat Amerika Serikat merevisi perkiraan enam bulan tersebut dengan mengatakan kejatuhan tersebut bisa terjadi lebih cepat, dan sejumlah skenario membayangkan kejatuhan Kabul dalam waktu 30 hingga 90 hari.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Atwood|first=Kylie|date=10 August 2021|title=Drawdown of US embassy in Kabul is under discussion, sources say, as Taliban makes rapid gains in Afghanistan|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/10/politics/embassy-kabul-drawdown/index.html|publisher=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810232640/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/10/politics/embassy-kabul-drawdown/index.html|archive-date=10 August 2021|access-date=11 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="3090est">{{Cite news|last=Lamothe|first=Dan|last2=Hudson|first2=John|last3=Harris|first3=Shane|last4=Gearan|first4=Anne|date=10 August 2021|title=U.S. officials warn collapse of Afghan capital could come sooner than expected|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2021/08/10/afghanistan-intelligence-assessment/|work=The Washington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811030221/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2021/08/10/afghanistan-intelligence-assessment/|archive-date=11 August 2021|access-date=11 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 13 Agustus, sejumlah laporan mengungkap perkiraan bahwa Taliban akan masuk ke kota Kabul dalam tujuh hari ke depan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 August 2021|title=Taliban expected to reach Afghan capital Kabul 'in seven days', ITV News learns|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2021-08-13/taliban-expected-to-reach-afghan-capital-kabul-in-seven-days-itv-news-learns|website=ITV News|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814203109/https://www.itv.com/news/2021-08-13/taliban-expected-to-reach-afghan-capital-kabul-in-seven-days-itv-news-learns|archive-date=14 August 2021|access-date=14 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 8 Juli, Presiden Amerika Serikat [[Joe Biden]] berbicara kepada para wartawan dalam sebuah konferensi pers, mengatakan pengambilalihan Taliban atas Afganistan tidak bisa dihindari, dengan mengatakan, "Pasukan tentara Afganistan memiliki 300.000 anggota yang dilengkapi dengan baik—dan juga dilengkapi dengan baik seperti Angkatan Darat mana pun di dunia—dan sebuah Angkatan Udara untuk melawan sesuatu seperti 75.000 anggota Taliban". Biden mengatakan Komunitas Intelijen Amerika Serikat belum menilai adanya kemungkinan bahwa pemerintah Afganistan akan jatuh. Ketika ditanya mengenai kesamaan antara peristiwa penarikan saat ini dan [[Kejatuhan Saigon|apa yang terjadi di Vietnam]], Presiden Biden menjawab:<blockquote>"Tidak ada sama sekali. Nol. Apa yang Anda miliki adalah—Anda memiliki seluruh brigade yang menerobos gerbang kedutaan kami—enam, jika saya tidak salah. Taliban bukanlah (tentara Vietnam) selatan—[[Tentara Rakyat Vietnam|tentara Vietnam Utara]]. Mereka tidak—mereka tidak sebanding dalam hal kemampuan. Tidak akan ada situasi di mana Anda melihat [[Operasi Frequent Wind|orang-orang diangkut dari atap kedutaan]] di—kedutaan Amerika Serikat dari Afganistan. Itu sama sekali tidak sebanding."</blockquote>Presiden Biden menambahkan, "...kemungkinan dari Taliban untuk menguasai segalanya dan memiliki seluruh negeri (Afganistan) adalah sangat tidak mungkin".<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 July 2021|title=Remarks by President Biden on the Drawdown of U.S. Forces in Afghanistan|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/08/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-drawdown-of-u-s-forces-in-afghanistan/|website=whitehouse.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814192023/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/08/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-drawdown-of-u-s-forces-in-afghanistan/|archive-date=14 August 2021|access-date=15 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 15 Agustus, selama [[Pertempuran Kabul (2021)|masuknya]] Taliban ke Kabul, para diplomat dan staf dievakuasi dari kedutaan besar Amerika Serikat di Kabul menggunakan sejumlah helikopter [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|UH-60]] dan [[Boeing CH-47 Chinook|CH-47]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Porter|first=Tom|title=Helicopters are evacuating staff from the US embassy in Kabul as the Taliban enter the Afghan capital 'from all sides'|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/us-evacuate-kabul-embassy-as-taliban-storm-the-afghan-capital-2021-8|website=Business Insider|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815101609/https://www.businessinsider.com/us-evacuate-kabul-embassy-as-taliban-storm-the-afghan-capital-2021-8|archive-date=15 August 2021|access-date=15 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 11 Juli, Sekretaris pers Pentagon John Kirby mengatakan ANDSF "memiliki kapasitas yang jauh lebih besar daripada yang pernah mereka miliki sebelumnya" dan, "mereka tahu bagaimana mempertahankan negara mereka". Pada 9 Agustus, pemimpin eksekutif [[Inspektur Jenderal Khusus untuk Rekonstruksi Afganistan|SIGAR]] John Sopko mengatakan komando militer Amerika Serikat "tahu betapa buruknya militer Afganistan".<ref name="direction" />
Pada 12 Agustus, pejabat Pemerintah Amerika Serikat mengatakan keterkejutan akan kecepatan serangan Taliban<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kube|first=Courtney|last2=Silva|first2=Chantal Da|last3=Yusufza|first3=Mushtaq|date=12 August 2021|title=Taliban gaining ground in Afghanistan faster than expected, U.S. defense officials say|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taliban-gaining-ground-afghanistan-faster-expected-u-s-defense-officials-n1276580|publisher=NBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813203325/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taliban-gaining-ground-afghanistan-faster-expected-u-s-defense-officials-n1276580|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=14 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> berkaitan masalah struktural dan politik di Afganistan, seperti kurangnya investasi awal di pemerintah daerah, kurangnya pembangunan nasional yang memadai, struktur sosial dalam suatu suku bangsa, topografi, [[tentara bayangan]],<ref name=":1" /> dan perjanjian damai dan pengampunan kepada para gerilyawan Taliban baru-baru ini.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Davis|first=Daniel L.|date=14 August 2021|title=Why is Afghanistan falling to the Taliban so fast? {{!}} Daniel L Davis|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/aug/14/afghanistan-taliban-us-troops|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814152810/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/aug/14/afghanistan-taliban-us-troops|archive-date=14 August 2021|access-date=14 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
===
Menurut seorang pejabat Pentagon, kekosongan lapisan keamanan di Afganistan setelah Amerika Serikat menarik pasukan militernya dapat menjadi jalan pembuka bagi [[Al Qa'idah]] dan kelompok terorisme lainnya untuk membangun organisasinya kembali. Pejabat tersebut menamabahkan, meskipun Amerika Serikat masih akan memegang otoritas untuk menyerang target Al Qa'idah di Afganistan, kurangnya kehadiran Amerika Serikat yang kuat di lapangan akan menghambat kemampuan untuk mengidentifikasi target potensial. Komandan [[Komando Pusat Amerika Serikat|CENTCOM]] [[Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr.]] mengatakan ia belum melihat apa pun yang akan membuatnya percaya bahwa Taliban akan menghentikan Al Qa'idah dari menggunakan tanah Afganistan untuk memperkuat dan membangun organisasinya kembali.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kube|first=Courtney|date=12 August 2021|title=Potential Al Qaeda resurgence in Afghanistan worries U.S. officials|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/mideast/potential-al-qaeda-resurgence-afghanistan-worries-u-s-officials-n1276614|publisher=NBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812162109/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/mideast/potential-al-qaeda-resurgence-afghanistan-worries-u-s-officials-n1276614|archive-date=12 August 2021|access-date=12 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Sekretaris Pertahanan Britania Raya [[Ben Wallace (politician)|Ben Wallace]] mengatakan kekosongan keamanan tersebut dapat memberikan kesempatan bagi kelompok teroris seperti Al Qa'idah untuk mencari tempat yang aman.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UK says US pullout from Afghanistan a 'mistake' – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/uk-says-us-pullout-from-afghanistan-a-mistake/articleshow/85299711.cms|website=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813114814/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/uk-says-us-pullout-from-afghanistan-a-mistake/articleshow/85299711.cms|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=13 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 8 Agustus, [[Rita Katz]], kepala kelompok pemantau kelompok ekstremis [[SITE Intelligence Group|SITE]], mengatakan kemajuan pergerakan Taliban mirip seperti dengan hari-hari pertama [[Perang Saudara Suriah]] setelah [[Jabhat Al-Nusra]] memenangkan pertempuran di sana, "kecuali saat ini benar-benar dalam skala yang berbeda, mengingat momentum mengerikan Taliban".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Walsh|first=Nick Paton|date=10 August 2021|title=Things look grim in Afghanistan, even with US airpower. In 21 days, they could be much worse|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/09/asia/afghanistan-future-analysis-intl/index.html|publisher=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809235445/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/09/asia/afghanistan-future-analysis-intl/index.html|archive-date=9 August 2021|access-date=10 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ilmuwan politik Kazakhstan Dosym Satpaev memperingatkan bahwa pengambilalihan Afganistan oleh Taliban dapat membuka jalan bagi pasukan fundamental Islam lainnya dalam upaya untuk membentuk negara kesatuan di Asia Tengah dan Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=КАЛМУРАТ|first=Аян|date=16 August 2021|title=К чему готовиться Казахстану после захвата талибами Кабула? Интервью с Досымом Сатпаевым|url=https://rus.azattyq.org/a/afghanistan-under-taliban-rule-the-future-of-kazakhstan-central-asia/31413433.html|website=Радио Азаттык|language=ru|access-date=18 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Pasca perisitiwa==
===Eksodus warga sipil===
{{main|Evakuasi dari Afganistan 2021}}
[[Berkas:C-17 carrying passengers out of Afghanistan.jpg|jmpl|Tampak bagian dalam sebuah pesawat [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III|C-17]] milik Angkatan Udara AS yang mengevakuasi ratusan warga Afganistan selama [[Kejatuhan Kabul (2021)|Kejatuhan Kabul]], 15 Agustus 2021.]]
[[Berkas:August 19 2021 Evacuation at Hamid Karzai International Airport 2.jpg|jmpl|Seorang tentara marinir AS memandu sejumlah pengungsi Afganistan selama [[Kejatuhan Kabul (2021)#Evakuasi Bandar Udara Kabul|Kejatuhan Kabul]], 19 Agustus 2021.]]
Lebih dari 300.000 warga Afganistan menghadapi risiko serangan balasan oleh Taliban karena mereka bekerja untuk Pemerintah Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=Thousands Who Helped the U.S. in Afghanistan Are Trapped. What Happens Next? |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/16/us/afghanistan-visa-refugees-us.html}}</ref>
Pada akhir bulan Juli, ratusan pengungsi Afganistan mulai melintasi perbatasan menuju daerah timur Turki dari Iran. Sedikitnya 1.500 pengungsi ditahan di sepanjang [[Perbatasan Iran–Turki|perbatasan Turki–Iran]], dan 200 pengungsi Afganistan dicegat oleh pihak berwenang Turki ketika mereka dalam perjalanan menuju Eropa. Turki kemudian mengumumkan pendirian [[Tembok pertahanan|tembok perbatasan]] di sepanjang perbatasannya dengan Iran, di mana banyak pengungsi yang melintas masuk ke Turki dalam perjalanannya menuju Eropa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 July 2021 |title=Turkey detains 200 Afghan migrants en route to Italy – coastguard |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/turkey-detains-200-afghan-migrants-en-route-italy-coastguard-2021-07-28/ |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816164816/https://www.reuters.com/world/turkey-detains-200-afghan-migrants-en-route-italy-coastguard-2021-07-28/ |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref>
Pada 5 Agustus, enam negara anggota [[Uni Eropa]] mendesak Komisi Eropa untuk terus mendeportasi pencari suaka yang ditolak kembali ke Afganistan, meskipun Taliban membuat kemajuan signifikan di Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 August 2021 |title=Six countries urge EU to continue Afghan deportations |work=Deutsche Welle |url=https://www.dw.com/en/six-countries-urge-eu-to-continue-afghan-deportations/a-58817822}}</ref> Beberapa hari kemudian, [[Belanda]] dan [[Jerman]] menghentikan sementara deportasi pengungsi Afganistan seiring bertambahnya jumlah wilayah yang direbut Taliban di Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 August 2021 |title=Germany and Netherlands suspend deportations to Afghanistan |work=Deutsche Welle |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-and-netherlands-suspend-deportations-to-afghanistan/a-58830259}}</ref>
Pada 13 Agustus, [[Kanada]] mengumumkan negaranya akan menampung lebih dari 20.000 warga Afganistan dari kelompok yang dianggap Kanada kemungkinan merupakan target Taliban. [[Britania Raya]] mengatakan negaranya akan memperbolehkan 20.000 warga Afganistan tinggal di Britania Raya, dan [[Amerika Serikat]] akan merelokasi hingga 30.000 [[Visa Khusus Imigran|pelamar SIV]] ke Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 August 2021 |title=UK to take 20,000 Afghan refugees over five years under resettlement plan |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/17/uk-to-take-20000-afghan-refugees-over-five-years-under-resettlement-plan}}</ref> [[Australia]] berjanji akan menampung lebih dari 3.000 pengungsi Afganistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Australia to bring in 3000 Afghans in initial intake but plans for more |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/australia-to-bring-in-3000-afghans-in-initial-intake-but-plans-for-more-20210818-p58jxi.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=18 August 2021}}</ref> Jerman mengatakan negaranya akan menerima sekitar 10.000 warga Afganistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Afghans evacuated to Germany describe terrifying scenes at Kabul airport |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghans-evacuated-germany-describe-terrifying-scenes-kabul-airport-2021-08-18/ |work=Reuters |date=18 August 2021}}</ref>
Pada 17 Agustus, [[India]] mengumumkan negaranya akan mengeluarkan visa elektronik darurat kepada seluruh warga Afganistan yang ingin masuk ke negaranya setelah "menerima permintaan dari para pemimpin [[Sikhisme di Afganistan|Sikh]] dan [[Hinduisme di Afganistan|Hindu]] di Afganistan". Visa tersebut awalnya akan berlaku selama enam bulan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Media Center|date=17 August 2021|title=Press Release on the current situation in Afghanistan|url=https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/34189/Press+Release+on+the+current+situation+in+Afghanistan|url-status=live|access-date=23 August 2021|website=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Press Trust of India|date=17 August 2021|title=India announces emergency e-visa for Afghans|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-announces-emergency-e-visa-for-afghans/article35952475.ece|access-date=23 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Tiwary|first=Deeptiman|date=18 August 2021|title=India starts single entry e-visa facility for Afghans; here is what it means|work=[[The Indian Express]]|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-announces-new-category-of-visa-for-afghans-7457441/|access-date=23 August 2021}}</ref>
Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat mengeluarkan pernyataan bahwa relokasi pengungsi akan diproses di negara ketiga, dengan menyebut Turki sebagai lokasi yang memungkinkan. Amerika Serikat sebelumnya belum mendiskusikan kemungkinan tersebut dengan Turki. Menurut ''[[Bloomberg News]]'', Turki menanggapi negatif pernyataan Amerika Serikat tersebut dan "mengecam Amerika Serikat karena merekomendasikan warga Afganistan yang takut dengan Taliban agar mencari suaka di Amerika Serikat dari negara ketiga". Turki sebelumnya telah menampung sekitar enam juta pengungsi [[Perang Saudara Suriah]], lebih dari negara mana pun, dan para pejabat Turki mengatakan negaranya tidak memiliki kapasitas yang cukup untuk menerima gelombang pengungsi dari Afganistan, dan merupakan tindakan "tidak bertanggung jawab" dari Amerika Serikat untuk membuat rencana tersebut tanpa berkonsultasi maupun berdiskusi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 August 2021 |title=Turkey Says It Won't Be 'Waiting Room' for Afghan Refugees |work=Bloomberg News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-04/turkey-says-it-won-t-be-waiting-room-for-afghan-refugees |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804210633/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-08-04/turkey-says-it-won-t-be-waiting-room-for-afghan-refugees |archive-date=4 August 2021}}</ref>
Ketika Kabul jatuh ke pihak Taliban pada pertengahan Agustus, ribuan warga Afganistan berupaya untuk keluar dari Afganistan dengan berebut masuk ke dalam sejumlah pesawat di Bandara Kabul. Sejumlah orang bahkan sampai bergelantungan di samping luar sebuah pesawat militer Amerika Serikat dan beberapa di antaranya kemudian tewas setelah terjatuh begitu pesawat lepas landas. Pasukan tentara Amerika Serikat pada akhirnya harus mengeluarkan tembakan peringatan untuk mengosongkan landasan bandara dan memberikan jalan bagi pesawat yang terbang dan mendarat di Bandara Kabul.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 August 2021 |title=WATCH LIVE: Biden addresses nation about Afghanistan collapse |work=PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/watch-live-biden-addresses-nation-about-afghanistan-collapse |url-status=live |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816160758/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/watch-live-biden-addresses-nation-about-afghanistan-collapse |archive-date=16 August 2021}}</ref>
===Kerugian peralatan===
Menurut sebuah laporan yang dirilis di blog Oryx,<ref name="forbes700" /> sejak bulan Juni, Taliban telah merebut 12 tank (tujuh [[T-54/55|T-54]] dan lima [[T-62]]), 51 kendaraan tempur lapis baja (46 [[M1117 ASV]], dua M1117 ASV varian komando & pengendali, dan tiga [[M113 APC]]), 61 mortir dan potongan artileri (35 howitzer [[Howitzer 122mm D-30|D-30]], tiga meriam divisi [[Meriam divisi 76mm M1942 (ZiS-3)|ZiS-3]], satu mortir berdiameter 120mm, dua mortir M69 berdiameter 82mm, satu mortir berdiameter 60mm, dan 19 mortir yang asal usulnya tidak diketahui), delapan senjata anti-pesawat (dua senapan mesin berat [[Senapan mesin berat KPV|KPV-1]] dan enam meriam otomatis [[ZU-23-2|ZU-23]]), 16 helikopter (sembilan [[Mil Mi-17|Mi-17]], satu [[Mil Mi-24|Mi-24]]V, empat [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|UH-60A]], dan dua [[MD Helicopters MD 500|MD 530F]]), enam pesawat nirawak ([[Boeing Insitu ScanEagle|Boeing ScanEagle]]), dan 1.973 truk, mobil, dan jip dari Angkatan Bersenjata Afganistan.<ref name="Losses-1">{{Cite web |last=Mitzer |first=Stijn |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |title=Disaster At Hand: Documenting Afghan Military Equipment Losses Since June 2021 |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/06/disaster-at-hand-documenting-afghan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813045408/https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/06/disaster-at-hand-documenting-afghan.html |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Oryx Blog}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2021 |title=What we know about Afghan military losses since June |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/world/south-asia/2021/08/14/what-do-we-know-about-afghan-military-losses-since-june |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814074007/https://www.dhakatribune.com/world/south-asia/2021/08/14/what-do-we-know-about-afghan-military-losses-since-june |archive-date=14 August 2021 |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Dhaka Tribune}}</ref> Taliban juga menghancurkan sembilan M1117 ASV, empat Mi-17, dan tiga UH-60A, satu [[Mavic (kendaraan udara tak berawak)|DJI Mavic]], dan 104 truk, mobil, dan jip. Blog Oryx hanya menghitung kendaraan dan peralatan yang hancur dari bukti berupa foto dan video yang tersedia.<ref name="Losses-1" />
Para pejabat Pemerintah Amerika Serikat mengatakan kepada [[Reuters]] bahwa meskipun saat itu belum ada angka yang pasti, penilaian yang dilakukan oleh intelijen meyakini bahwa Taliban telah merebut lebih dari 2.000 kendaraan bersenjata<ref>{{cite web |title='The ability to operate at night is a real game-changer': What's in the Taliban's new war chest? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-20/taliban-new-us-made-war-chest-afghanistan/100393572 |website=www.abc.net.au |language=en-AU |date=20 August 2021}}</ref> dan 40 pesawat. Para pejabat Pemerintah Amerika Serikat mengatakan bahwa meskipun pihaknya khawatir dengan Taliban yang berhasil mendapatkan akses ke helikopter, banyak dari peralatan tersebut yang rumit untuk dioperasikan dan memerlukan perawatan tingkat tinggi. Joseph Votel, seorang mantan Jenderal Amerika Serikat mengatakan bahwa sebagian besar peralatan yang direbut Taliban tidak memiliki teknologi sensitif yang dikembangkan dari perusahaan Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taliban’s haul of US military gear includes 2,000 armoured vehicles and 40 aircraft |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/taliban-afghanistan-us-military-equipment-b1905470.html |website=The Independent |language=en |date=19 August 2021}}</ref>
===Unjuk rasa dan perlawanan===
{{Main article|Perlawanan Panjshir|Unjuk rasa Afganistan 2021}}
[[Berkas:Pro-Islamic Republic of Afghanistan rally, Rotterdam (21 August 2021) 01.jpg|jmpl|Sebuah unjuk rasa di [[Rotterdam]] melawan pengambilalihan Afganistan oleh Taliban, 21 Agustus 2021.]]
Pasca kejatuhan Kabul, para mantan anggota [[Aliansi Utara]] dan tokoh anti-Taliban membentuk sebuah aliansi militer yang disebut sebagai [[Perlawanan Kedua]] di bawah kepemimpinan [[Ahmad Massoud]] dan mantan Wakil Presiden [[Amrullah Saleh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Afghanistan once kept out taliban why has it fallen so quickly this time |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/28/northern-afghanistan-once-kept-out-taliban-why-has-it-fallen-so-quickly-this-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816220022/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/28/northern-afghanistan-once-kept-out-taliban-why-has-it-fallen-so-quickly-this-time/ |archive-date=16 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership |url=http://www.northernallianceaf.ga/leadership |access-date=19 August 2021 |website=Northern Alliance: Fighting for a Free Afghanistan |publisher=Friends of the Northern Alliance |language=en-US}}</ref> Baik Massoud dan Saleh telah menempatkan diri mereka di [[Lembah Panjshir]], yang pada awalnya merupakan salah satu pangkalan operasi utama bagi Aliansi Utara.<ref name="Market Research Telecast" /><ref name="Market Research Telecast" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=An anti-Taliban front forming in Panjshir? Ex top spy Saleh, son of 'Lion of Panjshir' meet at citadel |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2021/08/17/an-anti-taliban-front-forming-in-panjshir-ex-top-spy-saleh-son-of-lion-of-panjshir-meet-at-citadel.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817065524/https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2021/08/17/an-anti-taliban-front-forming-in-panjshir-ex-top-spy-saleh-son-of-lion-of-panjshir-meet-at-citadel.html |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref> Pada 17 Agustus, Wakil Presiden Amrullah Saleh mendeklarasikan dirinya sebagai pengemban tugas Presiden Afganistan di Lembah Panjshir.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2021 |title=Afghan Vice President Saleh Declares Himself Caretaker President; Reaches Out To Leaders for Support |url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/afghan-vice-president-saleh-declares-himself-caretaker-president-reaches-out-to-leaders-for-support-4097117.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817224511/https://www.news18.com/news/world/afghan-vice-president-saleh-declares-himself-caretaker-president-reaches-out-to-leaders-for-support-4097117.html |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Dengan jatuhnya Kabul, para mantan anggota Aliansi Utara dan pasukan anti-Taliban lainnya yang berbasis di Lembah Panjshir, dipimpin oleh Ahmad Massoud dan mantan Wakil Presiden Amrullah Saleh, menjadi kelompok perlawanan terorganirisir utama untuk melawan Taliban di Afganistan.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2021 |title='Panjshir stands strong': Afghanistan's last holdout against the Taliban |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/18/panjshir-stands-strong-afghanistans-last-holdout-against-the-taliban |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Kedutaan besar Afganistan di Tajikistan mengganti foto presiden dari Ghani menjadi Saleh, dan mengirim sebuah permintaan kepada [[Interpol]] untuk mengeluarkan perintah penangkapan terhadap Ghani, bersama dengan kepala penasihatnya Fazel Mahmood dan Penasihat Keamanan Nasional Hamdullah Mohib, dengan mendakwa ketiganya atas tuduhan mencuri dari perbendaharaan Afganistan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Siladitya |last2=Dangor |first2=Graison |date=18 August 2021 |title=Afghan Embassy In Tajikistan Demands Interpol Arrest Escaped Former President Ashraf Ghani |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/siladityaray/2021/08/18/afghan-embassy-in-tajikistan-demands-interpol-arrest-escaped-former-president-ashraf-ghani/?sh=28b7de1326de |access-date=18 August 2021 |website=Forbes}}</ref>
Pada hari yang sama, sebuah unjuk rasa berskala kecil digelar oleh sejumlah perempuan di Kabul untuk menuntut kesetaraan hak bagi kaum perempuan, dan menjadi unjuk rasa perempuan pertama melawan pemerintahan baru yang dilaporkan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2021 |title=Watch: Afghan women hold street protest as Taliban fighters look on |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/watch-afghan-women-hold-protest-demanding-equal-rights-and-freedoms-following-taliban-takeover-7459142/ |access-date=18 August 2021 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Pada 18 Agustus, unjuk rasa yang lebih besar dan juga dihadiri oleh pengunjuk rasa dari kaum laki-laki terjadi di tiga kota yang didominasi etnis Pashtun: Jalalabad, Khost, dan Asadabad, di mana para pengunjuk rasa mengibarkan bendera Afganistan dan menurunkan bendera Taliban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-18 |title=Taliban keep some evacuees from reaching Kabul airport, as U.S. vows to finish airlift |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/evacuations-afghanistan-gather-momentum-taliban-promise-peace-2021-08-18/ |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-18 |title=Taliban militants violently disperse rare Afghan protest |url=https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-taliban-protest-kabul-jalalabad-61e4bfcc8027e3952ee85c448773299b |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rasmussen |first=Saeed Shah and Sune Engel |title=Afghanistan's Taliban Rulers Meet Their First Political Protests With Gunfire |language=en-US |work=WSJ |url=https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/afghanistans-taliban-rulers-meet-their-first-political-protests-with-gunfire-11629311240 |access-date=2021-08-20}}</ref> Di Jalalabad, Taliban melancarkan penembakan untuk melawan unjuk rasa tersebut dan menewaskan tiga orang serta melukai belasan lainnya.<ref name="EarlyChallenge">{{Cite news |date=19 August 2021 |title=Afghan protests spread to Kabul in early challenge to Taliban |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/afghanistan-edge-after-anti-taliban-protest-east-kabul-calm-airlift-goes-2021-08-19/}}</ref> Pada 19 Agustus, unjuk rasa meluas ke sejumlah daerah di ibu kota negara Afganistan, Kabul, termasuk satu unjuk rasa berskala besar di dekat Bandara Kabul di mana pengendara mobil dan orang-orang mengibarkan bendera Afganistan, dan unjuk rasa lainnya di dekat [[Arg (Kabul)|istana kepresidenan]] dihadiri oleh lebih dari 200 orang<ref name="DemonstrationsSpread">{{Cite news |date=19 August 2021 |title=As demonstrations spread, the Taliban face growing challenges in running the nation. |agency=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/08/19/world/taliban-afghanistan-news#as-demonstrations-spread-the-taliban-face-growing-challenges-in-running-the-nation}}</ref> sebelum dibubarkan Taliban dengan menggunakan kekerasan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seir |first=Ahmad |last2=Faiez |first2=Rahim |last3=Gannon |first3=Kathy |last4=Gambrell |first4=Jon |date=19 August 2021 |title=Afghans protest Taliban in emerging challenge to their rule |url=https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-taliban-protests-bd853cac9eee5e4f0cd4b76580f27b53 |access-date=19 August 2021 |website=AP News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2021 |title=Afghans display national flag as they mark independence day |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2021/8/19/afghans-display-national-flag-as-they-mark-independence-day |access-date=19 August 2021 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Unjuk rasa terus berlanjut di Khost dan Asadabad, di mana Taliban juga menggunakan kekerasan untuk membubarkan massa unjuk rasa di kedua kota tersebut.<ref name="EarlyChallenge" />
==Referensi==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Serangan Taliban, 2021}}
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