Pertempuran Okhtyrka: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Pertempuran Okhtyrka
| partof =
| image = Okhtyrka City Council after Russian invasion, 14 April 2022.jpg
| image_size = 300
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Pada 25 Februari, sebuah taman kanak-kanak di Okhtyrka dihantam rudal [[BM-27 Uragan]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rodak|first=Kateryna|date=25 Februari 2022|title=В Охтирці росіяни обстріляли дитячий садок та сховище з людьми|url=https://zaxid.net/v_ohtirtsi_rosiyani_obstrilyali_dityachiy_sadok_ta_shovishhe_n1536846|website=ZAXID.NET|language=uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226060812/https://zaxid.net/v_ohtirtsi_rosiyani_obstrilyali_dityachiy_sadok_ta_shovishhe_n1536846|archive-date=26 Februari 2022|access-date=28 Februari 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> menewaskan warga sipil yang terdiri dari seorang anak dan dua orang dewasa. Rudal tersebut diduga merupakan [[bom tandan]] yang menurut [[Amnesty International]], penggunaannya mungkin merupakan sebuah kejahatan perang.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Churchman|first=Laurie|date=28 Februari 2022|title=Putin accused of using 'cluster bombs' in strike on pre-school|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/ukraine-putin-cluster-bombs-child-civilians-preschool-b2025044.html|website=The Independent|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228194631/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/ukraine-putin-cluster-bombs-child-civilians-preschool-b2025044.html|archive-date=28 Februari 2022|access-date=28 Februari 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Menurut pejabat Ukraina, pasukan Rusia juga menembaki sebuah bus sipil dekat Okhtyrka.<ref>{{Cite news|date=27 Februari 2022|title=Enemy tanks shell bus with civilians in Sumy region|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3414606-enemy-tanks-shell-bus-with-civilians-in-sumy-region.html|publisher=Ukrinform.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227131647/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3414606-enemy-tanks-shell-bus-with-civilians-in-sumy-region.html|archive-date=27 Februari 2022|access-date=28 Februari 2022|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Суспільне Суми|url=https://t.me/suspilnesumy/2682|website=Telegram|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227171154/https://t.me/suspilnesumy/2682|archive-date=27 Februari 2022|access-date=28 Februari 2022|url-status=live|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=27 Februari 2022|title=In the Sumy region, invaders shot bus with civilian people, didn't allow ambulance to pass|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/02/27/7326450/|publisher=Pravada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228091951/https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/02/27/7326450/|archive-date=28 Februari 2022|access-date=28 Februari 2022|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Gubernur Oblast Sumy, Dmytro Zhyvytsyi menyatakan bahwa tiga warga sipil lainnya telah tewas di kota tersebut.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Russian shelling in Ukraine's Okhtyrka kills 6, including 7-year-old girl|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/russia-ukraine-war/video/russian-shelling-ukraine-okhtyrka-kills-six-including-girl-1918467-2022-02-27|website=India Today|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228194538/https://www.indiatoday.in/world/russia-ukraine-war/video/russian-shelling-ukraine-okhtyrka-kills-six-including-girl-1918467-2022-02-27|archive-date=28 Februari 2022|access-date=28 Februari 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Berkas:Okhtyrka heat and power plant after Russian shelling, 4 March 2022 (3).jpg|jmpl|ki|Pembangkit listrik dan pemanas Okhtyrka, setelah pertempuran.]]
Pada 26 Februari, dua orang jurnalis [[Denmark]] terluka ketika mobil mereka ditembaki oleh pasukan tak dikenal.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Harvey|first=Josephine|date=28 Februari 2022|title=2 Danish Journalists Shot In Ukraine: 'We Are Lucky To Be Alive'|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/danish-journalists-shot-ukraine_n_621c381ee4b0d1388f16ece8|website=HuffPost|language=en|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220309044124/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/danish-journalists-shot-ukraine_n_621c381ee4b0d1388f16ece8|archive-date=9 Maret 2022|access-date=28 Februari 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=27 Februari 2022|title=Journalists Contributing to WhoWhatWhy Shot in Ukraine|url=https://whowhatwhy.org/politics/international/journalists-contributing-to-whowhatwhy-shot-in-ukraine/|website=WhoWhatWhy|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228194616/https://whowhatwhy.org/politics/international/journalists-contributing-to-whowhatwhy-shot-in-ukraine/|archive-date=28 Februari 2022|access-date=28 Februari 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Zhyvytsyi juga menyatakan pada pertempuran 27 Februari, beberapa pasukan Rusia dan warga sipil tewas terbunuh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=28 Februari 2022|title=More than 70 Ukrainian soldiers killed after Russian artillery hit Okhtyrka base|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2022/feb/28/ukrainian-soldiers-killed-after-russian-artillery-/|publisher=[[The Washington Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302052607/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2022/feb/28/ukrainian-soldiers-killed-after-russian-artillery-/|archive-date=2 Maret 2022|access-date=1 Maret 2022|agency=[[Associated Press]]|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>
Pada 28 Februari, pasukan Rusia mengebom dan menghancurkan sebuah depot minyak di Okhtyrka.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 Februari 2022|title=Prohibited bombs dropped on Okhtyrka, oil depot on fire|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3415815-prohibited-bombs-dropped-on-okhtyrka-oil-depot-on-fire.html|website=www.ukrinform.net|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228145220/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3415815-prohibited-bombs-dropped-on-okhtyrka-oil-depot-on-fire.html|archive-date=28 Februari 2022|access-date=28 Februari 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Menurut pejabat setempat, lebih dari 70 tentara Ukraina tewas saat Rusia melakukan serangan [[Senjata termobarik|bom termobarik]] ke pangkalan militer Ukraina.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 Maret 2022|title=More than 70 Ukrainian soldiers killed in Russian attack on base near Kharkiv|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/01/fears-of-bloody-fight-for-kyiv-as-huge-russian-army-convoy-gathers-on-outskirts|website=[[The Guardian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303231907/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/01/fears-of-bloody-fight-for-kyiv-as-huge-russian-army-convoy-gathers-on-outskirts|archive-date=3 Maret 2022|access-date=1 Maret 2022|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>
Pada 3 Maret, Zhyvytskyi menyatakan bahwa serangan udara Rusia terhadap [[Kogenerasi|gabungan pembangkit listrik dan pemanas]] lokal mengakibatkan terputusnya pasokan daya listrik dan pemanas di kota.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jim Heintz|last2=Yuras Karmanau|last3=Mstyslav Chernov|date=3 Maret 2022|title=Russian Forces Take Control of Europe's Biggest Nuclear Plant After Shelling It|url=https://time.com/6154672/russian-troops-shell-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-plant/|publisher=Time|agency=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304044013/https://time.com/6154672/russian-troops-shell-zaporizhzhia-nuclear-plant/|archive-date=4 Maret 2022|access-date=4 Maret 2022|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref><ref name="ukrinform">{{Cite web|date=10 Maret 2022|title=Okhtyrka town being bombed day and night|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3425218-okhtyrka-town-being-bombed-day-and-night.html|website=www.ukrinform.net|language=en|access-date=26 Februari 2024}}</ref> Pada 10 Maret, ia juga menyatakan bahwa Rusia terus-menerus melancarkan serangan bom hingga menghancurkan [[Sistem pengolahan limbah|sistem pembuangan limbah]] dan [[Jaringan penyediaan air|jaringan pasokan air]].<ref name="ukrinform" />
Pada 14 Maret, walikota Okhtyrka, Pavlo Kuzmenko menyatakan bahwa setidaknya tiga warga sipil tewas dalam serangan udara Rusia yang melanda wilayah pemukiman penduduk.<ref>{{Cite news|date=14 Maret 2022|title=Russians bomb Okhtyrka residential neighbourhood: three killed|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/03/14/7331173/|work=Ukrayinska Pravda|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314145315/https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/03/14/7331173/|archive-date=14 Maret 2022|access-date=14 Maret 2022|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>
Pada tanggal 26 Maret, pasukan Rusia mundur dari Okhtyrka.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Між похоронами, бомбами й весіллями. Як виживає місто-герой Охтирка|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2022/03/30/7335794/|website=Українська правда|language=uk|access-date=6 April 2022}}</ref>
== Bom termobarik ==
Pada tanggal 28 Februari, duta besar Ukraina untuk Amerika Serikat, Oksana Markarova menyatakan bahwa Rusia menggunakan [[Senjata termobarik|bom termobarik (vakum)]] dalam serangannya di Okhtyrka.<ref name="Reuters">{{Cite web|last=Zengerle|first=Patricia|title=Ukraine's ambassador to U.S. says Russia used a vacuum bomb on Monday|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-ambassador-us-says-russia-used-vacuum-bomb-monday-2022-02-28/|publisher=[[Reuters]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301002014/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-ambassador-us-says-russia-used-vacuum-bomb-monday-2022-02-28/|archive-date=1 Maret 2022|access-date=28 Februari 2022|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Oil depot burns after artillery shelling in Okhtyrka, Sumy Oblast. Mayor Pavlo Kuzmenko reported that Russian occupiers dropped a vacuum bomb. This type of weapon is known as the most deadly non-nuclear bomb, producing high-temperature explosions.|url=https://twitter.com/KyivIndependent/status/1498282971412979713|website=[[Twitter]]|publisher=The Kyiv Independent|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228130512/https://twitter.com/KyivIndependent/status/1498282971412979713|archive-date=28 Februari 2022|access-date=28 Februari 2022|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref><ref name="natpost">{{Cite news|date=28 Februari 2022|title=Ukraine's ambassador to U.S. says Russia used a vacuum bomb on Monday|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/ukraines-ambassador-to-u-s-says-russia-used-a-vacuum-bomb-on-monday|work=National Post|language=en|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220228235439/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/ukraines-ambassador-to-u-s-says-russia-used-a-vacuum-bomb-on-monday|archive-date=28 Februari 2022|access-date=1 Maret 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Penggunaan amunisi termobarik, alat peledak berbahan bakar udara atau bom vakum terhadap serangan militer, tidak dilarang dalam hukum internasional.<ref name="ABC_Thermobafic">{{Cite news|date=1 Maret 2022|title=Ukraine's ambassador to US says Russia used a vacuum bomb, international groups say banned cluster munitions used to strike shelter|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-03-01/ukraine-ambassador-us-russia-used-vacuum-bomb-cluster-munitions/100870638|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=4 Maret 2022|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Hanson">{{Cite web|last=Hanson|first=Marianne|title=What are thermobaric weapons? And why should they be banned?|url=https://theconversation.com/what-are-thermobaric-weapons-and-why-should-they-be-banned-178289|website=The Conversation|access-date=4 Maret 2022|language=en}}</ref> Namun, penggunaannya terhadap warga sipil mungkin dilarang oleh [[Konvensi Senjata Konvensional Tertentu]] (CCW) [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] (PBB).<ref name="Lawfire">{{Cite journal|last=Dunlap|first=Charlie|date=27 Februari 2022|title=The Ukraine crisis and the international law of armed conflict (LOAC): some Q & A|url=https://sites.duke.edu/lawfire/2022/02/27/the-ukraine-crisis-and-the-international-law-of-armed-conflict-loac-some-q-a/|journal=Lawfire|access-date=4 Maret 2022|language=en}}</ref> Markarova juga menyatakan bahwa penggunaan senjata termobarik merupakan pelanggaran terhadap [[Konvensi Jenewa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Live Updates / Russia-Ukraine war live updates: Russia investigated for war crimes as peace talks stall|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/live-blog/russia-ukraine-war-live-updates-n1290293|publisher=[[NBC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301001232/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/live-blog/russia-ukraine-war-live-updates-n1290293|archive-date=1 Maret 2022|access-date=1 Maret 2022|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref><ref name="natpost" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Reich|first=Aaron|date=1 Maret 2022|title=Ukraine's ambassador to the US accused Moscow of using a vacuum bomb in its invasion * Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said states that commit war crimes shouldn't get a permanent UNSC seat.|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/article-698953|publisher=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301000615/https://www.jpost.com/international/article-698953|archive-date=1 Maret 2022|access-date=1 Maret 2022|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Serangan tersebut menghancurkan pangkalan militer Ukraina dan menewaskan 70 tentara.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Camille Gijs|last2=Douglas Busvine|date=1 Maret 2022|title=Russia used powerful vacuum bomb on Ukraine, envoy says|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/russia-vacuum-bomb-ukraine-invasion/|publisher=[[Politico]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303231910/https://www.politico.eu/article/russia-vacuum-bomb-ukraine-invasion/|archive-date=3 Maret 2022|access-date=2 Maret 2022|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>
== Kesudahan ==
Pada bulan Juli 2022, Okhtyrka mengalami gangguan pasokan daya listrik yang parah karena kerusakan pada pembangkit selama pertempuran.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The war is forcing Ukraine's energy planners to be creative|url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2022/07/14/the-war-is-forcing-ukraines-energy-planners-to-be-creative|work=The Economist|issn=0013-0613|access-date=8 Januari 2023|language=en}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
{{Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina|Operasi militer}}
[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 2022]]
[[Kategori:Perang Rusia-Ukraina]]
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