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{{Infobox Comic strip
|title=Peanuts
|image=[[
<!-- FAIR USE of CharlieBrown.jpg: see image description page at http://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/
|caption= '''The ''Peanuts'' gang'''
|creator=[[Charles M. Schulz]]
|status=Tamat (masih dipasang sebagai ulangan)
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|last=[[13 Februari]] [[2000]] (strip asli terakhir)
}}
'''''Peanuts''''' adalah [[strip komik]] harian yang ditulis dan diilustrasikan oleh [[Charles M. Schulz]], yang beredar sejak [[2 Oktober]] [[1950]] hingga sehari setelah kematian Schulz, [[13 Februari]] [[2000]].
Selain itu, ''Peanuts'' juga cukup berhasil untuk film-film khusus televisinya, dan beberapa di antaranya, termasuk ''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]'' dan ''[[It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown]]'' memperoleh, atau dicalonkan untuk mendapatkan, penghargaan [[Emmy]]. Film-film ini masih tetap populer hingga sekarang, dan biasanya disiarkan pada stasiun [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] pada waktu-waktu yang sesuai dengan judulnya.
== Charles M. Schulz ==
{{main|Charles M. Schulz}}
[[
Charles M. Schulz dilahirkan pada [[26 November]] [[1922]] di [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]], dan dibesarkan di [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul]], Schulz tinggal dan bekerja selama lebih dari 30 tahun di [[Santa Rosa, California]]. Sebelum pindah ke Santa Rosa, Schulz mempunyai sebuah studio di [[Sebastopol, California|Sebastopol]], California, namun hancur terbakar pada 1966. [[Museum Charles M. Schulz]] di Santa Rosa mengabadikan dan memperingati karyanya dan seni kartun.
Schulz meninggal dunia pada [[12 Februari]] [[2000]] karena komplikasi [[kanker usus]].
== Sejarah ==
''Peanuts'' dimulai dalam ''[[Li'l Folks]]'', sebuah komik panel mingguan yang muncul di surat kabar di kota Schulz, ''[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]]'', dari 1947 hingga 1949. Ketika karyanya dipilih oleh [[United Features Syndicate]], mereka memutuskan untuk memilih strip komik baru yang telah ia kerjakan. Strip ini agak mirip dengan komik panel, tetapi mempunyai sejumlah tokoh, dan bukan hanya tokoh kecil tanpa nama yang berganti-ganti untuk setiap halaman. Mungkin namanya akan tetap sama, apabila namanya tidak terlalu dekat dengan dua komik lainnya pada waktu itu: ''[[Li'l Abner]]'' karya [[Al Capp]] dan strip yang kini telah terlupakan yang berjudul ''Little Folks''. Untuk menghindari kebingungan, sindikat itu memutuskan untuk memberikan nama "Peanuts", yang Schulz sendiri tidak sukai. Dalam sebuah wawancara pada 1987, Schulz berkata "Konyol sekali, tidak ada artinya, sungguh membingungkan, dan tidak punya martabat—saya rasa humor saya bermartabat".
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The strip soon got an obvious main character, which Schulz would rather have named the strip after: "Good Ol' [[Charlie Brown]]", a character informed by some of the painful experiences of Schulz's formative years. In fact, the periodic collections of the strips in paperback book form typically had either "Charlie Brown" or "Snoopy" in the title, not "Peanuts"; and the Sunday panels eventually typically read, "Peanuts, featuring Good Ol' Charlie Brown".
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Schulz continued the strip for nearly 50 years, with no assistants, even in the lettering and coloring process. Starting in the 1980s his artistic line started to shake. This became more noticeable in the 1990s, along with his format change; depending on one's view, the art deteriorated at this point, especially where character expression was concerned, however this is highly subjective and difficult to estimate.
[[
Schulz continued the strip until he was unable to, due to health reasons. He died the night before the final strip was published in newspapers. The final daily original ''Peanuts'' comic strip was published on [[January 3]], [[2000]]. The final original Sunday strip was published in newspapers a day after Schulz's death on [[February 12]]. Following its finish, many newspapers began reprinting older strips under the title ''Classic Peanuts''. Though it no longer maintains the "first billing" in as many newspapers as it enjoyed for much of its run, Peanuts remains one of the most popular and widely syndicated strips today, even after six years of reruns.
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''Peanuts'' did not have a lead character from the onset. Its initial cast was small, featuring only [[Charlie Brown]], [[Shermy]], [[Patty (Peanuts)|Patty]] (not to be confused with [[Peppermint Patty]]), and a [[beagle]], [[Snoopy]]. The strip soon began to focus on Charlie Brown, though. Charlie Brown's main characteristic is his self-defeating stubbornness: he can never win a ballgame, but continues playing [[baseball]]; he can never fly a [[kite flying|kite]] successfully, but continues trying to fly his kite. Others see this as the character's admirable determined persistence to try his best against all odds. Though his [[inferiority complex]] was evident from the start, in the earliest strips he also got in his own licks when socially sparring with Patty and Shermy. Some early strips also involved [[romantic love|romantic]] attractions between Charlie Brown and Patty or [[Violet (Peanuts)|Violet]], the next major character added to the strip.
[[
As the years went by, Shermy and Patty appeared less often and were demoted to supporting roles, while new major characters were introduced. [[Schroeder (Peanuts)|Schroeder]], [[Lucy van Pelt]], and her brother [[Linus van Pelt|Linus]] debuted as very young children
In the 1960s, the strip began to focus more on Snoopy. Many of the strips from this point revolve around Snoopy's active, [[Walter Mitty]]-like fantasy life, in which he imagined himself to be (most famously) a [[World War I]] flying ace or a bestselling suspense [[novelist]], to the bemusement and consternation of the children who wonder what he is doing but also occasionally participate. Snoopy eventually took on more than 150 distinct personas over the course of the strip, from "Joe Cool" to [[Mickey Mouse]].
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At one point, a character named [[Charlotte Braun]] entered the cast. She resembled a female Charlie Brown in appearance but was louder and ruder than Lucy, and quickly proved to be unpopular. She did not appear in more than ten strips.
[[
===Ages of the ''Peanuts'' characters===
The ''Peanuts'' characters generally do not age, or age very slowly, except in the case of infant characters who catch up to the rest of the cast, then stop. [[Rerun van Pelt|Rerun]] is unique in that he stopped aging in kindergarten. More typically, Linus was born in the first couple of years of the strip's run. He ages from infancy to right around Charlie Brown's age over the course of the first ten years, during which we see him learn to walk and talk with the help of Lucy and Charlie Brown. Linus then stops aging when he is about a year or so younger than Charlie Brown. Charlie Brown himself was four when the strip began, and gradually aged over the next two decades until he settled in as an eight year old (after which he is consistently referred to as eight when any age is given).
Over the years the birthdates of a few characters were mentioned.
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*[[Peppermint Patty]] - [[4 October]]
*[[Charlie Brown]] - [[30 October]]
*[[Rerun van Pelt]] - [[23 May]] (date of publication of strip announcing birth)
''The canon provides conflicting dates for these characters:''
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In addition to the strip and numerous books, the ''Peanuts'' characters have appeared in [[animation|animated]] form on [[television]] numerous times. This started when the [[Ford Motor Company]] licensed the characters in 1961 for a series of black and white [[television commercial]]s for the [[Ford Falcon]]. The ads were animated by [[Bill Melendez]] for [[Playhouse Pictures]], a cartoon studio that had Ford as a client. Schulz and Melendez became friends, and when producer [[Lee Mendelson]] decided to make a two-minute animated sequence for a TV documentary called ''[[A Boy Named Charlie Brown (1963 film)|A Boy Named Charlie Brown]]'' in 1963, he brought on Melendez for the project. Before the documentary was completed, the three of them (with help from their sponsor, the [[Coca-Cola]] Company) produced their first half-hour animated [[television special|special]], the [[Emmy Awards|Emmy]]- and [[Peabody Award]]-winning ''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]'', which was first aired on the [[CBS]] network on [[9 December]] [[1965]].
The animated version of ''Peanuts'' differs in some aspects from the strip. In the strip, adult voices are seldom heard, and conversations are usually only depicted from the children's end. To translate this aspect to the animated medium, Melendez famously used the sound of a trombone with a plunger mute opening and closing on the bell to simulate adult "voices". A more significant deviation from the strip was the treatment of Snoopy. In the strip, the dog's thoughts are verbalized in [[thought balloon]]s; in animation, he is typically mute, his thoughts communicated through growls, laughs
Snoopy was heard talking for the first time in the animated version of the Broadway musical "[[You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown]]".
The success of ''A Charlie Brown Christmas'' was the impetus for CBS to air many more prime-time ''Peanuts'' specials over the years, beginning with ''[[It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown]]'' and ''[[Charlie Brown's All-Stars]]'' in 1966. In total, more than thirty animated specials were produced. Until his death in 1976, jazz pianist [[Vince Guaraldi]] composed highly acclaimed musical scores for the specials; in particular, the piece "[[Linus and Lucy]]" which has become popularly known as the signature theme song of the ''Peanuts'' franchise.
In addition to Coca-Cola, other companies that sponsored ''Peanuts'' specials over the years included [[Dolly Madison]] cakes, [[Kellogg Company|Kellogg's]], [[McDonald's]], [[Cadbury Schweppes|Peter Paul-Cadbury]] candy bars, [[General Mills]], and [[Nabisco]].
Schulz, Mendelson, and Melendez (and his studio [[Melendez Films]]) also collaborated on four theatrical [[film|feature films]] starring the characters, the first of which was ''A Boy Named Charlie Brown'' (1969). Most of these made use of material from Schulz's strips, which were then adapted, although in other cases plots were developed around areas where there were minimal strips to reference. Such was also the case with ''[[The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show]]'', a Saturday-morning TV [[television program|series]] which debuted on CBS in 1983 and lasted for three seasons.
By the late-1980s, the specials' popularity had begun to wane, and [[CBS]] had sometimes rejected a few specials. An eight-episode TV [[miniseries]] called ''[[This is America, Charlie Brown]]'', for instance, was released during a writer's strike. Eventually, the last ''Peanuts'' specials were released direct-to-video, and no new ones were created until after the year 2000 when [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] got the rights to the three fall holiday specials. The [[Nickelodeon (TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] cable network re-aired the bulk of the specials, as well as ''The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show'', for a time in the late 1990s under the umbrella title ''You're On Nickelodeon, Charlie Brown''. Many of the specials and feature films have also been released on various [[home video]] formats over the years. After Schulz died many of the newer specials were based on comic strips Schulz had written.
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The ''Peanuts'' characters are currently spokespeople in print and television [[advertisements]] for the [[Metropolitan Life Insurance Company|MetLife]] insurance company. Over the years, they have also appeared in ads for [[Dolly Madison]] snack cakes, [[Interstate Bakeries Corporation|Butternut Bread]], [[Friendly's]] restaurants, [[Cheerios]] breakfast cereal, and [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] automobiles. Pig-Pen appeared in a memorable spot for [[Regina Vacuum Cleaners]].
The characters were licensed for use as atmosphere for the national [[Cedar Fair]] theme park chain as well as the [[Camp Snoopy]] attractions in its parks. Cedar Fair no longer operates Camp Snoopy as of March 2005 in Minnesota. It is now the Park at MOA and no longer uses the theme of Peanuts characters.
"Snoopy on Ice", a live [[Ice Capades]]-style show aimed primarily at young children, has had many touring productions over the years. A giant helium Snoopy [[balloon]] has long been a feature in the annual [[Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade]] in New York City.
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==Legacy, influence, and critical acclaim==
[[
''Peanuts'' is often regarded as one of the most influential and well-written comic strips of all time. Schulz received the [[National Cartoonist Society]] Humor Comic Strip Award for ''Peanuts'' in 1962, the Elzie Segar Award in 1980, the [[Reuben Award]] in 1955 and 1964, and the Milton Caniff Lifetime Achievement Award in 1999. ''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]'' won a [[Peabody Award]] and an [[Emmy]]; ''Peanuts'' cartoon specials have received a total of 2 [[Peabody Awards]] and 4 [[Emmy Awards|Emmys]]. For his work on the strip, Charles Schulz is credited with a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] and a place in the William Randolph Hearst Cartoon Hall of Fame. ''Peanuts'' was featured on the cover of [[Time Magazine]] on [[April 9]], [[1965]].
In 1980, Charles Schulz was introduced to artist [[Tom Everhart]] during a collaborative art project. Everhart became fascinated with Schulz's art style and worked ''Peanuts'' themed art into his own work. Schulz encouraged Everhart to continue with his work. Everhart continues to be the only artist authorized to paint ''Peanuts'' characters.
In 1999, a jury of comics scholars and critics voted ''Peanuts'' to be the second-greatest comic strip of the 20th century — second only to [[George Herriman]]'s ''[[Krazy Kat]]'', a verdict Schulz himself cheerfully endorsed. A poll in 2002 found ''Peanuts'' to be one of the most recognizable cartoon properties in the world, recognized by 94 percent of the total U.S. consumer market and a close second only to [[Mickey Mouse]] (96 percent), and higher than other familiar cartoon properties like [[Spider-Man]] (75 percent) or [[the Simpsons]] (87 percent). In ''[[TV Guide]]'''s "Top 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All-Time" list, Charlie Brown and Snoopy ranked #8.
Cartoon tributes have appeared in other comic strips since Schulz's death in 2000. In May of that year, many cartoonists included a reference to ''Peanuts'' in their own strips. Originally planned as a tribute to Schulz's retirement, after his death that February it became a tribute to his life and career. Similarly, on [[30 October]] [[2005]], several comic strips again included references to ''Peanuts'', and specifically the ''It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown'' television special.
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==Religious themes==
[[
''Peanuts'' touched on religious themes on many occasions, most notably the classic television special, ''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]'' in [[1965]], which features the character [[Linus van Pelt]] quoting the [[King James Version of the Bible]] (Luke 2:8-14) to explain to [[Charlie Brown]] "what [[Christmas]] is all about." In personal interviews Schulz mentioned that Linus represented his spiritual side. Schulz, reared in the [[Lutheran]] faith, had been active in the [[Church of God (Anderson)|Church of God]] as a young adult, and then later taught Sunday school at a [[United Methodist Church]].
By the late [[1980s]] he told one of his biographers (Rheta Grimsley Johnson, [[1989]]) that he identified with [[Secular Humanism]]. {{citation needed}}
In the Sixties, [[Robert L. Short]] interpreted certain themes and conversations in ''Peanuts'' as being consistent with parts of [[Christian theology]], as he explained in his bestselling paperback book, ''[[The Gospel According to Peanuts]]''. Schulz did not endorse Short's specific interpretations and often said that "the only theology is no theology,"{{citation needed}} yet Schulz gave permission to use many of his strips in the book, and his newspaper comics continued to have enough theological themes to fill many Sunday School lessons.
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==Trivia==
*Although Charlie Brown's baseball team is often referred to as "win-less", it wins at least 10 games over the course of the series.
*The black-and-white "communications helmets" that are worn as part of NASA [[spacesuits]], carrying radio earphones and microphones, are universally known as "Snoopy caps," due to the resemblance of the white center and black outer sections to Snoopy's head.
*The ''[[Apollo 10]]'' Lunar module was nicknamed "Snoopy" and the command module "Charlie Brown". While not included in the [[http://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/
*Numerous parodies of the ''Peanuts'' gang have appeared, one of the most significant ones being a miniseries in an anthology comic called ''Deep Fried'', with a slightly extended 'director's edition' one shot comic book called [[Weapon Brown]].
*"[[Linus and Lucy]]" is the most famous piece of music from the series of TV specials.
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==Books==
[[
[[
''Peanuts'' strips have been reprinted in many books over the years. Some represented chronological collections of strips, while others were thematic collections, such as ''Snoopy's Tennis Book''. Some single-story books were produced, such as ''Snoopy and the Red Baron.'' In addition, most of the ''Peanuts'' television animated specials were adapted into book form.
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* [[Chip Kidd]], ed. (2001) ''Peanuts: The Art of Charles M. Schulz''. [[New York]]: [[Pantheon Books]]. ISBN 0-375-42097-5 (hardcover), ISBN 0-375-71463-4 (paperback).
* [[Derrick Bang]] with [[Victor Lee]]. (2002 reprinting) ''50 Years of Happiness: A Tribute to Charles M. Schulz''. [[Santa Rosa, California]]: [[Charles M. Schulz Musuem]]. ISBN 0-9685574-0-6
* Derrick Bang, ed. (2003) ''Lil' Beginnings''. Santa Rosa, California: Charles M. Schulz Museum. The complete run of ''[[Li'l Folks]]'' (
* [[Charles M. Schulz]] (2004) ''Who's on First, Charlie Brown?''. [[New York]]: [[Ballantine Books]]. ISBN 0-345-46412-5.
* Robert L. Short (1965) [https://www.ppcbooks.com/Details.asp?BookID=0664222226 ''The Gospel According to Peanuts'']. [http://www.wjkbooks.com Westminster John Knox Press]: ISBN 0-664-22222-6
* The entire run of ''Peanuts,'' covering nearly 50 years of comic strips, will be reprinted in [[Fantagraphics Books]]'. ''The Complete Peanuts'', a 25-volume set to come out over a 12-year period, two volumes per year, one coming out in the month of April and the second coming out in October. The final volume is expected to be published in the year of [[2016]].
** (April 2004) 1 ''The Complete Peanuts: 1950 to 1952''. ISBN 1-56097-589-X
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Each of the volumes has an introduction written by a famous person. Authors and famous people who have created intros so far include [[Walter Cronkite]], [[Garrison Keillor]], [[Matt Groening]], [[Jonathan Franzen]], [[Whoopi Goldberg]] and [[Diana Krall]]. -->
==
<div class="references-small">
{{reflist}}
</div>
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Daftar strip komik]]
== Pranala luar ==
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://www.snoopy.com/ Snoopy.com: Official ''Peanuts'' Website]
* [http://www.flyingace.com/ Snoopy's Home: Charles M. Schulz's home page]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.peanutscollectorclub.com/ ''Peanuts'' Collector Club]
* [http://www.peanutscollectible.com/ ''Peanuts'' Collectible Ornaments Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823020838/http://www.peanutscollectible.com/ |date=2007-08-23 }}
* [http://www.aaugh.com/guide/ AAUGH.com: ''Peanuts'' Book Collecting Guide]
* [http://web.mit.edu/smcguire/www/peanuts.html ''Peanuts'' Animation and Reprints Page]
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* [http://www.schulzmuseum.org/ Charles M. Schulz Museum website]
* [http://www.reuben.org/ncs/archive/divisions/advertising.asp NCS Awards]
* [http://www.sheldoncomics.com/comics/peanuts/news/news_042005.html ''The Complete Peanuts: 1955-1956''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613194941/http://www.sheldoncomics.com/comics/peanuts/news/news_042005.html |date=2006-06-13 }}
* [http://peanuts.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page ''Peanuts Gang'' Wikia]
{{Peanuts}}
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