Perang Pasifik: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{bedakan|Perang Pasifik (1879-1883)|}}
{{Short description|Theater of World War II fought in the Pacific and Asia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Perang Pasifik
| partof = [[Perang Dunia II]]
| image = {{multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=2/2/2|total_width=300
|image1= Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, larger - edit1.jpg
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|image2= Carrier shokaku.jpg
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|image3= Nagasakibomb.jpg
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|image4= USS Bunker Hill hit by two Kamikazes.jpg
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|image5= 1944 Operation Ichigo IJA invaded Henan.jpg
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|image6= Indian troops wade ashore at Akyab, Burma, January 1945. SE2418.jpg
|alt6=}}'''Searah jarum jam dari kiri atas:'''
{{flatlist|
* [[Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat|Marinir AS]] mengibarkan bendera [[Pertempuran Iwo Jima|di Iwo Jima]]
* Pesawat [[Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jepang|Angkatan Laut]] [[Kekaisaran Jepang]] bersiap-siap lepas landas untuk [[Pengeboman Pearl Harbor|menyerang]] [[Pearl Harbor]]
* [[USS Bunker Hill (CV-17)|USS Bunker Hill]] setelah diserang oleh [[Kamikaze]]
* Tentara India selama [[Kampanye Burma]]
* Tentara Jepang di Tiongkok selama [[Operasi Ichi-Go]]
* Awan jamur menutupi langit kota [[Nagasaki]] setelah Amerika Serikat [[Pengeboman Hiroshima dan Nagasaki|menjatuhkan bom atom]] di kota tersebut
}}
| image_size = 300
| caption =
| date = 7 Desember 1941 – 2 September 1945<br />(3 tahun, 8 bulan, 3 minggu dan 5 hari){{efn|"For fifty-three months, beginning in July 1937, China stood alone, single-handedly fighting an undeclared war against Japan. On 9 December 1941, after Japan's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, China finally declared war against Japan. What had been for so long a war between two countries now became part of a much wider Pacific conflict."<ref name="Hsi-sheng1992" />}}<ref>{{cite book |first=Youli |last=Sun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Iq5ypmhKxUC&pg=PA185 |title=China and the Origins of the Pacific War, 1931–41 |date=15 September 1996 |publisher=Palgrave MacMillan |page=11 |isbn=978-0-312-16454-6 }}</ref>
| place = {{ublist|class=nowrap |{{hlist|[[Asia Timur]]|[[Asia Selatan]]|[[Asia Tenggara]]|[[Oseania]]}} |{{hlist|[[Samudra Pasifik]]|[[Samudra Hindia]]}}}}
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| result = Kemenangan [[Blok Sekutu dalam Perang Dunia II|Sekutu]]
* [[Perang Dunia II]] berakhir
* [[Menyerahnya Jepang]]
* [[Perang Saudara Tiongkok]] kembali berlanjut
* Melemahnya kekuatan [[kolonial]] [[Eropa]] secara substansial menyebabkan [[dekolonisasi Asia]] secara bertahap
** [[Perang Indochina Pertama]]
** Terjadinya [[Revolusi Nasional Indonesia|Revolusi Nasional]] di [[Indonesia]]
** [[Perang Korea]]
* [[Perjanjian San Francisco]] (1951)
* [[Deklarasi Bersama Soviet-Jepang 1956|Deklarasi Bersama Soviet-Jepang]] (1956)
| territory = *[[Pendudukan Sekutu atas Jepang]]
* Penarikan pasukan Jepang yang menduduki sebagian [[Republik Tiongkok (1912–1949)|Tiongkok]] dan pengembalian [[Taiwan]] kepada pemerintah Tiongkok
* Pembebasan [[Korea]] dan [[Manchuria]] dari kekuasaan Jepang, diikuti dengan [[pembagian Korea]]
* Penyerahan [[Mandat Pasifik Selatan|pulau-pulau yang dikuasai Jepang di Samudra Pasifik]] kepada [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]
* Uni Soviet meng[[aneksasi]] [[Sakhalin Selatan]] dan [[Kepulauan Kuril]] yang sebelumnya dikuasai Jepang
* [[Wilayah Perwalian Kepulauan Pasifik]] dibuat oleh [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] dan ditempatkan di bawah otoritas [[Amerika Serikat]]. Kemudian, [[Dewan Keamanan PBB]] mengakhiri wilayah perwalian secara bertahap dari 1986–1994, dengan AS mendapatkan wilayah [[Kepulauan Mariana Utara]].|<!-------Note: Please check the discussion page before modifying the following combatants. There is a consensus that minor participants in the war should not be included here.-------->
| combatant1 = '''[[Blok Sekutu dalam Perang Dunia II|Blok Sekutu]]''':<br />{{flagcountry|Republic of China (1912–49)}}{{efn|[[Second Sino-Japanese War|Fighting an undeclared war against Japan since 7 July 1937]], declared war 9 December 1941.<ref name=Hsi-sheng1992 />|name="since 1937"}}<br />{{flag|Amerika Serikat|1912}}<br />{{flag|Britania Raya}}{{br}}{{flag|Uni Soviet}}{{br}}{{flag|Belanda}}
| combatant2 = '''[[Blok Poros]]''':<br />{{flagcountry|Kekaisaran Jepang}} dan [[negara boneka]] Jepang <br />{{flag|Thailand}}
| commander1 = {{flagdeco|Republic of China (1912–49)}} [[Chiang Kai-shek]]<br />{{flagdeco|United States|1912}} [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]{{efn|Until April 1945|name="Franklin"}}<br /> {{flagdeco|UK}} [[Winston Churchill]]{{efn|Until July 1945|name="Winston"}}{{br}}{{Flagdeco|Uni Soviet}} [[Joseph Stalin]]
| commander2 = {{flagdeco|Kekaisaran Jepang}} [[Hirohito]]<br />
{{flagdeco|Thailand}} [[Plaek Pibulsonggram]]<br />{{flagdeco|India|1931}} [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]<br /> [[Wang Jingwei]]
| strength1 = {{flagicon|Republic of China (1912–49)}} 14,000,000<ref>Hastings pg. 205</ref> <br /> {{flagicon|USA|1912}} 2,500,000+ (1945){{#tag:ref |Strength of the US Military in Asia and the Pacific as of war's end: Army: 4,000,000,<ref>Coakley and Leighton (1989). ''Global Logistics and Strategy 1943–1945'' pg. 836</ref> Navy (excluding Coast Guard and Marines): 1,366,716,<ref>[http://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/u/us-navy-personnel-in-world-war-ii-service-and-casualty-statistics.html US Navy Personnel in World War II Service and Casualty Statistics, Naval History and Heritage Command] Table 9.</ref> and Marine Corps: 484,631.<ref>King, Ernest J. (1945). ''Third Report to the Secretary of the Navy'' pg. 221</ref> These figures do not include the Coast Guard or naval personnel in the China-Burma-India theater.<ref>[http://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/u/us-navy-personnel-in-world-war-ii-service-and-casualty-statistics.html US Navy Personnel in World War II Service and Casualty Statistics, Naval History and Heritage Command] Footnote 2.</ref>|group=nb}} <br /> {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} 400,000<ref name="Hastings pg. 10">Hastings pg. 10</ref> <br /> {{flagicon|British Raj}} 2,000,000<ref name="Hastings pg. 10" /><br />{{flagicon|Netherlands}} 140,000<ref name=chapter10>{{cite web|url= http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/I/AAF-I-10.html |title=Chapter 10: Loss of the Netherlands East Indies |access-date=31 August 2010|work=The Army Air Forces in World War II: Vol. 1 – Plans & Early Operations|publisher=HyperWar}}</ref>{{#tag:ref |These numbers do not include the Royal Netherlands Navy.|group=nb}}<br /> {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1936}} 1,747,465 (1945)<ref>Cherevko, "Hammer and Sickle against Samurai Sword" ch. 7 table 7. Combined ground, air, anti-air, and naval personnel.</ref>
| strength2 = {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} 7,800,000-7,900,000 (1945)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cook|title=Japan at War: an Oral History|url=https://archive.org/details/japanatwaroralhi00cook_0|date=1992|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-56584-039-3}} pp. 403. Japanese strength is given at 4,335,500 in the Home Islands and 3,527,000 abroad.</ref><ref>[https://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/staff/mharrison/public/ww2overview1998.pdf Harrison pp. 29] Retrieved 10 March 2016</ref><ref>[http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/ajrp/AJRP2.nsf/530e35f7e2ae7707ca2571e3001a112d/e7daa03b9084ad56ca257209000a85f7?OpenDocument Australia-Japan Research Project, "Dispositions and Deaths"] Retrieved 10 March 2016</ref><br />{{flag icon|Thailand}} 126,500<ref>{{cite book|last=Meyer|first=Milton Walter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VEoy7AL0PaYC&pg=PA309&dq=thailand+peak+strength+world+war+two&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAmoVChMI05HRlP6GyQIVCkgmCh23CA3i#v=onepage&q=thailand%20peak%20strength%20world%20war%20two&f=false|title=Asia: A Concise History|year=1997|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|location=Lanham|page=309|isbn=978-0-8476-8063-4}}</ref><br />{{Flagicon|Manchukuo|size=23px}}, [[Berkas:Flag of the Republic of China-Nanjing (Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction).svg|23px|link=Wang Jingwei regime]], {{flagicon|India|1931}} dan [[negara boneka]] Jepang lainnya: ~1,000,000+ (1945)<ref>Jowett, pp. 72</ref>
| casualties1 = {{ublist
| '''Militer'''<br />5 kapal perang<br />11 kapal induk<br />25 kapal penjelajah<br />84 kapal perusak dan pengawal kapal perusak<br />63 kapal selam<ref>[http://www.navsource.org/Naval/losses.htm#dd www.navsource.org] Retrieved 25 July 2015; [http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ www.uboat.net] Retrieved 25 July 2015; [http://www.naval-history.net/WW2aBritishLosses01BB.htm Major British Warship Losses in World War II.] Retrieved 25 July 2015; [http://www.worldnavalships.com/chinese_navy.htm Chinese Navy] Retrieved 26 July 2015.</ref><br />21,555+ pesawat<ref>Hara, Tameichi, with Fred Saito and Roger Pineau. ''Japanese Destroyer Captain'' (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2011), p. 299.<!--Impossible to confirm on Google Books...--> Figure is for U.S. losses only. China, the British Commonwealth, the USSR and other nations collectively add several thousand more to this total.</ref><br />4,000,000+ tewas {{small|(1937–45)}}{{#tag:ref |3.8 million Chinese military deaths (1937–45; 3.2 million Nationalist/-allied and 580,000 Communist),<ref name="Chinese People Contribute to WWII">{{cite web |title=Chinese People Contribute to WWII |url = http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/celebrations/128172.htm |access-date=23 April 2009}}</ref> 370,0881 United States casualties (at least 111,914 killed [including 13,395 who died as POWs and 5,707 who died of wounds], 248,316 wounded and missing, 16,358 captured and returned),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll8&CISOPTR=130&REC=2 |title=United States Dept. of the Army, Army Battle Casualties and Non Battle Deaths in World War II |publisher=Cgsc.cdmhost.com |access-date=2011-06-15 |archive-date=12 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100512130416/http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fp4013coll8&CISOPTR=130&REC=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Michael Clodfelter. ''Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 '' {{ISBN|0-7864-1204-6}}. p 585</ref> 52,000 British casualties including 12,000 deaths in captivity,{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}} 87,028 British Indian soldiers killed<ref>[http://www.cwgc.org/learning-and-resources/publications/annual-report.aspx Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2013–2014], page 44. Figures include identified burials and those commemorated by name on memorials.</ref><ref name=dower>Dower, John William (1987), ''War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War''. Pantheon</ref>{{Page needed|date=September 2010}} 17,501 Australians killed<ref>{{cite book |last=Dear, I.C.B and Foot, M.R.D. (editors) |title=The Oxford Companion to World War II |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=2005 |page=66 |chapter=Australia |isbn=978-0-19-280670-3}}</ref> 27,000 killed (including POWs who died in captivity), 70,000+ captured (not including those who died), unknown wounded from the [[Philippine Commonwealth]] (not including guerrilla forces),<ref>{{cite book|last=Gruhl|first=Werner|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ow5Wlmu9MPQC&q=27%2C000#v=snippet&q=27%2C000&f=false%7c1|title=Imperial Japan's World War Two|year=2007|publisher=Transaction Publishers|location=New Brunswick|page=65|isbn=978-0-7658-0352-8}}</ref> around 9,400 Dutch killed including 8,500 who died in captivity (likely not including colonial forces),{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}} 578 New Zealander casualties,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/speech/honouring+nz039s+pacific+war+dead |title=Honouring NZ's Pacific War dead |publisher=Beehive |date=15 August 2005 |access-date=31 October 2010 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> 63,225 Soviet casualties (12,031 killed and missing, 42,428 wounded and sick; does not count the 1938–1939 [[Soviet-Japanese Border Wars]]), 5000 French military casualties in Indochina, 300 Mongolian casualties<ref>{{cite web |title=Russia and USSR in Wars of the 20th Century |url = http://www.soldat.ru/doc/casualties/book/chapter5_10_1.html#5_10_51 |access-date=11 July 2008 |publisher=И.И.Ивлев |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080505031426/http://www.soldat.ru/doc/casualties/book/chapter5_10_1.html#5_10_51 <!--Bot retrieved archive--> |archive-date=5 May 2008}}</ref> and 5 Mexican deaths<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.avalanchepress.com/MexicanAirForce.php |title=Leyte Gulf: The Mexican Air Force|work=Avalanche Press|access-date=1 December 2015}}</ref> [[Malaria]] was the most important health hazard encountered by U.S. troops in the South Pacific during World War II, where about 500,000 men were infected.<ref>"''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XhNYUkgX0rQC&pg=PA51&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false Science and the Pacific War: Science and Survival in the Pacific, 1939–1945]''". Roy M. MacLeod (2000). p. 51. {{ISBN|0-7923-5851-1}}</ref> |group=nb}}
| '''Kematian warga sipil'''<br />26,000,000+ {{small|(1937–45)}}{{#tag:ref |Over 17 million Chinese civilian deaths (1937–45);<ref name="Chinese People Contribute to WWII" /> around 4 million civilian deaths from the Dutch East Indies;<ref name=dower />{{Page needed|date=September 2010}}, 1-2 million Indochinese civilians;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mailman.anu.edu.au/pipermail/hepr-vn/2008-August/000188.html |title=Vietnam needs to remember famine of 1945 |publisher=Mailman.anu.edu.au |access-date=31 October 2010 |archive-date=2017-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019142402/http://mailman.anu.edu.au/pipermail/hepr-vn/2008-August/000188.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> around 3 million<ref>{{cite book|last1=Amartya Sen|title=Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation|url=https://archive.org/details/povertyfamineses0000sena|date=1981|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=London|isbn=978-0-19-564954-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/povertyfamineses0000sena/page/203 203]|ref=bf431}}</ref> Indian civilian deaths in the [[Bengal famine of 1943]]; 0.5 to 1 million<ref>Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 1931–1945 Transaction 2007 {{ISBN|978-0-7658-0352-8}} p. 143-144</ref> Filipino civilian deaths; 250,000<ref>Michael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd ed. 2002 {{ISBN|0-7864-1204-6}}. p. 556</ref> to 1,000,000<ref name=McLynn>McLynn, The Burma Campaign: Disaster into Triumph, 1942–1945, pg. 1.</ref> Burmese civilian deaths; 50,000<ref>Ruas, Óscar Vasconcelos, "Relatório 1946-47", AHU</ref> [[Portuguese Timor|East Timorese]] civilian deaths; and hundreds of thousands of Malayan, Pacific and other civilian deaths.<ref name=dower />{{Page needed|date=September 2010}} |group=nb}}
}}
| casualties2 = {{ublist
| '''Militer'''<br />11 kapal perang<br />25 kapal induk<br />39 kapal penjelajah<br />135 kapal perusak<br />131 kapal selam<ref>Hara, p. 297.</ref><br />43,125+ pesawat<ref>Hara, p. 299. Figure is for Japanese aircraft only.</ref><br />2,500,000+ tewas {{small|(1937–45)}}{{#tag:ref |2,133,915 Japanese military deaths 1937–45,<ref>Bren, John (3 June 2005) [http://japanfocus.org/-John-Breen/2060 "Yasukuni Shrine: Ritual and Memory"] ''Japan Focus''. Retrieved on 5 June 2009.</ref> 1.18 million Chinese collaborator casualties 1937–45 (432,000 dead),<ref>[[R. J. Rummel]]. ''China's Bloody Century''. Transaction 1991 {{ISBN|0-88738-417-X}}. Table 5A</ref> 22,000 Burmese casualties,{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}} 5,600 Thai troops killed,<ref name="Eiji Murashima 2006">Eiji Murashima, "The Commemorative Character of Thai Historiography: The 1942–43 Thai Military Campaign in the Shan States Depicted as a Story of National Salvation and the Restoration of Thai Independence" ''Modern Asian Studies'', v40, n4 (2006) pp. 1053–1096, p1057n:</ref> and 2,615 Indian National Army ([[Azad Hind]]) killed/missing.<ref>Michael Clodfelter. ''Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 '' {{ISBN|0-7864-1204-6}}. p 556</ref> |group=nb}}
| '''Kematian warga sipil'''<br />1,000,000+{{#tag:ref |460,000 Japanese civilian deaths (338,000 in the bombings of Japan,<ref>[https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP13.HTM STATISTICS OF DEMOCIDE: Chapter 13: Death By American Bombing], [[RJ Rummel]], University of Hawaii.</ref> 100,000 in the [[Battle of Okinawa]], 22,000 in the [[Battle of Saipan]]), 543,000 Korean civilian deaths (mostly due to Japanese forced labor projects),<ref>Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 1931–1945 Transaction 2007 {{ISBN|978-0-7658-0352-8}} p. 19</ref> 2,000-8,000 Thai civilian deaths<ref>E. Bruce Reynolds, "Aftermath of Alliance: The Wartime Legacy in Thai-Japanese Relations", ''Journal of Southeast Asian Studies'', v21, n1, March 1990, pp. 66–87. "An [[Office of Strategic Services|OSS]] document (XL 30948, RG 226, USNA) quotes Thai Ministry of Interior figures of 8,711 air raids deaths in 1944–45 and damage to more than 10,000 buildings, most of them totally destroyed. However, an account by [[Seni Pramoj|M. R. Seni Pramoj]] (a typescript entitled 'The Negotiations Leading to the Cessation of a State of War with Great Britain' and filed under ''Papers on World War II'', at the Thailand Information Center, Chulalongkorn University, p. 12) indicates that only about 2,000 Thai died in air raids."</ref>|group=nb}}
}}
| notes = {{ublist |{{sup|a}} Including its islands and neighboring countries. |{{sup|b}} Partially and briefly.}}}}
[[Berkas:Pacific Area - The Imperial Powers 1939 - Map.svg|thumb|Peta politik wilayah Asia Pasifik, 1939]]
'''Perang Pasifik''' atau '''Perang Asia Pasifik''', atau yang dikenal di [[Jepang]] dengan nama '''Perang Asia Timur Raya''' ({{Nihongo|'''Greater East Asia War'''|[[:ja:大東亜戦争|大東亜戦争]]|Dai Tō-A Sensō}}) <!--dan di [[RRT|Tiongkok]] sebagai '''Perang Perlawanan Terhadap Agresi Jepang''' (太平洋戰爭, ''tài píng yáng zhàn zhēng''), --> adalah perang yang terjadi di [[Samudra Pasifik]], [[Kepulauan Pasifik|pulau-pulaunya]], dan di [[Asia]]. Konflik ini terjadi antara tahun [[1937]] dan [[1945]]. Namun peristiwa-peristiwa yang lebih penting terjadi setelah [[7 Desember]] [[1941]], ketika Jepang menyerang [[Pearl Harbor]], [[Amerika Serikat]] serta [[koloni]] negara Sekutu di Asia dan Pasifik, yang membuat Amerika Serikat terlibat dalam Perang Dunia II bersama Sekutu.
[[Perang Tiongkok-Jepang Kedua]] antara [[Kekaisaran Jepang]] dan [[Republik Tiongkok (1912–49)|Republik Tiongkok]] telah berlangsung sejak 7 Juli 1937, dengan permusuhan sejak 19 September 1931, karena Jepang melancarkan [[Invasi Jepang ke Manchuria|invasi ke Manchuria]].<ref>{{cite book | first = Roy M. | last = MacLeod | url = https://books.google.com/books? Id = XhNYUkgX0rQC & pg = PA1 | title = Sains dan Perang Pasifik: Sains dan Bertahan Hidup di Pasifik, 1939–1945 | publisher = Kluwer Academic Publishing | page = 1 | year = 1999 | isbn = 978-0-7923-5851-0 | access-date = 27 Juni 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150928063718/https://books.google.com/books?id=XhNYUkgX0rQC&pg=PA1 | arsip-tanggal = 28 September 2015 | url-status = live}}</ref> Namun, ini lebih diterima secara luas {{efn|"For fifty-three long months, beginning in July 1937, China stood alone, single-handedly fighting an undeclared war against Japan. On 9 December 1941, after Japan's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, China finally declared war against Japan. What had been for so long a war between two countries now became part of a much wider Pacific conflict."<ref name=Hsi-sheng1992>Hsi-sheng Ch'i, in James C. Hsiung and Steven I. Levine, ''China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan 1937–1945'', M.E. Sharpe, 1992, p. 157.</ref>}}<ref>{{cite book |first=Youli |last=Sun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Iq5ypmhKxUC&pg=PA185 |title=China and the Origins of the Pacific War, 1931–41 |date=15 September 1996 |publisher=Palgrave MacMillan |page=11 |isbn=978-0-312-16454-6 }}</ref> bahwa Perang Pasifik itu sendiri dimulai pada 7-8 Desember 1941, ketika [[Invasi Jepang ke Thailand|Jepang menginvasi Thailand]] dan menyerang [[Imperium Britania|koloni Britania]] di [[invasi Jepang ke Malaya|Malaya]], [[Pertempuran Singapura|Singapura]], dan [[Pertempuran Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] serta [[Pengeboman Pearl Harbor|serangan mendadak]] Jepang ke pangkalan militer dan [[Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat]] di [[Pearl Harbor]], [[Pertempuran Pulau Wake|Pulau Wake]], [[Pertempuran Guam (1941)|Guam]], dan [[Pertempuran Filipina (1941–42)|Filipina]]. {{Sfn | Drea | 1998 | p = 26}} <ref>John Costello, '' The Pacific War: 1941–1945 '', Harper Perennial, 1982</ref><ref>Japan Economic Foundation, '' Journal of Japanese Trade & Industry, Volume 16 '', 1997</ref>
Melindungi "Perang Pasifik": Perlindungan sebagian bawaan untuk semua AP. Pada Perang Pasifik ini, terlihat gabungan pasukan [[Sekutu Perang Dunia II|Sekutu]] diadu melawan Jepang, yang terakhir dibantu oleh [[Thailand]] dan pada tingkat yang lebih rendah oleh negara sesama [[blok Poros]] seperti [[Nazi Jerman|Jerman]] dan [[Kerajaan Italia (1861–1946)|Italia]]. Pertempuran terdiri dari beberapa [[pertempuran laut]] terbesar dalam sejarah, dan pertempuran yang sangat sengit dan [[kejahatan perang]] di seluruh Asia dan [[Kepulauan Pasifik]], yang mengakibatkan hilangnya nyawa manusia yang sangat besar. Perang terus memuncak dengan terjadinya [[serangan udara di Jepang]], dan [[pengeboman atom di Hiroshima dan Nagasaki]], disertai dengan [[Perang Soviet-Jepang (1945)|Pernyataan perang Uni Soviet terhadap Jepang]], [[invasi Soviet ke Manchuria|invasi Manchuria]] dan wilayah lain pada tanggal 9 Agustus 1945, menyebabkan Jepang mengumumkan niatnya untuk menyerah pada tanggal 15 Agustus 1945. Upacara resmi [[penyerahan Jepang]] berlangsung di atas kapal perang {{USS | Missouri | BB-63 | 6}} di [[Teluk Tokyo]] pada tanggal 2 September 1945. Setelah perang, Jepang kehilangan semua hak dan hak milik bekas [[imperium kolonial Jepang|kepemilikan]] di Asia dan Pasifik, dan kedaulatannya terbatas pada empat pulau utama dan pulau kecil lainnya sebagaimana ditentukan oleh Sekutu. {{Sfn | Takemae | 2003 | p = 516}}
== Akibat Perang Pasifik ==
Berikut ini adalah beberapa akibat dari Perang Asia Pasifik yang terjadi antara tahun
* Kekalahan [[Jepang]] membuatnya kehilangan wilayah jajahannya seperti [[Manchuria]], [[Korea]], [[Asia Tenggara]] dan daerah mandat di [[kepulauan Pasifik]] yang diberikan pada akhir [[Perang Dunia II]].
* Beberapa negara yang sebelumnya dijajah oleh negara-negara [[Eropa]] berhasil memperoleh kemerdekaan seperti [[Indonesia]].Hal ini bisa dikatakan mengakhiri tidak hanya Indonesia namun juga berakhirnya kekuasaan kolonial Jepang atas orang kulit berwarna oleh orang kulit putih.
* Kaisar [[Jepang]] kehilangan statusnya sebagai dewa. [[Amerika Serikat]] sebagai pemenang perang di [[Pasifik]] tidak ingin mengadili [[Hirohito]], kaisar [[Jepang]] saat itu. [[Amerika Serikat]] membutuhkan daerah penyangga (''buffer'') untuk menahan arus pengaruh komunisme karena [[Rusia]] sudah mencapai kawasan timur [[Asia]].
* [[Jepang]] tidak diperbolehkan mempunyai angkatan perang, kecuali pasukan pembela diri.
== Penjelasan ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />
<br>
= Catatan kaki =
<references group="nb" />
== Referensi ==
{{reflist|2}}
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
{{refbegin|32em}}
* [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=82355094 Eric M. Bergerud, ''Fire in the Sky: The Air War in the South Pacific'' (2000)]
* Blair, Jr., Clay. ''Silent Victory''. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1975 (submarine war).
* {{cite book|last1=Bond|first1=Brian|last2=Tachikawa|first2=Kyoichi|title=British and Japanese Military Leadership in the Far Eastern War, 1941–1945 Volume 17 of Military History and Policy Series|date=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=
* Buell, Thomas. ''Master of Seapower: A Biography of Admiral Ernest J. King'' Naval Institute Press, 1976.
* Buell, Thomas. ''The Quiet Warrior: A Biography of Admiral Raymond Spruance''. 1974.
* {{Cite book |last=Ch'i |first=Hsi-Sheng<!--was small caps--> |year=1992 |chapter = The Military Dimension, 1942–1945 |title = China's Bitter Victory: War with Japan, 1937–45 |url=https://archive.org/details/chinasbittervict0000unse |editors = James C. Hsiung and Steven I. Levine |location = Armonk, NY |publisher=[[M. E. Sharpe]] |ISBN =978-1-56324-246-5 |ref = harv}}
* Channel 4 (UK). ''Hell in the Pacific'' (television documentary series). 2001.
* Costello, John. ''The Pacific War''. 1982, overview
* Craven, Wesley, and James Cate, eds. ''The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. 1, Plans and Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942''. University of Chicago Press, 1958. Official history; Vol. 4, The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan, August 1942 to July 1944''. 1950; Vol. 5, The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki''. 1953.
* {{cite book |last1=Dennis |first1=Peter |last2=Grey |first2=Jeffrey |last3=Morris |first3=Ewan |last4=Prior |first4=Robin |last5=Bou |first5=Jean |title = The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History |publisher = Oxford University Press |location= Melbourne |year = 2008 |edition = Second |ISBN =
* {{cite book |last= Drea |first = Edward J. |title = In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army |publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]] |location=Nebraska |year=1998 |ISBN = 0-8032-1708-0 |ref = harv}}
* Dunnigan, James F., and [[Albert A. Nofi]]. ''The Pacific War Encyclopedia.'' Facts on File, 1998. 2 vols. 772p.
* {{cite book |last = Evans|first = David C|last2 = [[Mark Peattie|Peattie]] |first2 = Mark R|title = Kaigun: strategy, tactics, and technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941 |publisher = Naval Institute Press |location = Annapolis, Maryland |year = 1997 |ISBN = 0-87021-192-7 |ref = harv}}
* Gailey, Harry A. ''The War in the Pacific: From Pearl Harbor to Tokyo Bay'' (1995) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=94432774 online]
* {{cite book | last = Goldman |first = Stuart | title = Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II | url = https://archive.org/details/nomonhan1939reda0000gold | publisher = Naval Institute Press | year = 2012 | isbn = 1-61251-098-1 | ref = harv}}
* Gordon, David M. "The China-Japan War, 1931–1945" ''Journal of Military History'' (January 2006) v 70#1, pp 137–82. Historiographical overview of major books
* Seki, Eiji. (2006). ''Mrs. Ferguson's Tea-Set, Japan and the Second World War: The Global Consequences Following Germany's Sinking of the SS Automedon in 1940.'' London: [[Global Oriental]]. {{ISBN|978-1-905246-28-1}} (cloth) (reprinted by [[University of Hawaii Press]]), Honolulu, 2007. [http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/cart/shopcore/?db_name=uhpress&page=shop/flypage&product_id=4475&PHPSESSID=75b7d372eb6f6c4d747ec0a150c42ead previously announced as ''Sinking of the SS Automedon and the Role of the Japanese Navy: A New Interpretation''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603230645/http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/cart/shopcore/?db_name=uhpress&page=shop%2Fflypage&product_id=4475&PHPSESSID=75b7d372eb6f6c4d747ec0a150c42ead |date=2008-06-03 }}.
* {{cite book |last = Hara |first = Tameichi |title = Japanese Destroyer Captain |url = https://archive.org/details/japanesedestroye0000hara |date = 2011 |publisher = Naval Institute Press |location = Annapolis, Maryland |ISBN = 978-1-59114-384-0 }}
* {{cite book |last = Harrison |first = Simon |title = Dark Trophies. Hunting and the Enemy Body in Modern War |date = 2012 |publisher=Berghahn Books |location=New York City |ISBN = 978-0-85745-499-7}}
* {{cite book |last = Hastings |first = Max |title = Retribution |url = https://archive.org/details/retributionbattl00hast |date = 2008 |publisher = Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |ISBN = 978-
* Saburo Hayashi and [[Alvin Coox]]. ''Kogun: The Japanese Army in the Pacific War''. Quantico, Virginia: Marine Corps Assoc., 1959.
* {{cite book |last = Hopkins |first = William B.|title = The Pacific War: The Strategy, Politics, and Players that Won the War |publisher = Zenith Press |year = 2010 |ISBN = 0-
* Hsiung, James C. and Steven I. Levine, eds. ''China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945'' M. E. Sharpe, 1992
* Hsi-sheng, Ch'i. ''Nationalist China at War: Military Defeats and Political Collapse, 1937–1945'' University of Michigan Press, 1982
Baris 68 ⟶ 120:
* Inoguchi, Rikihei, Tadashi Nakajima, and Robert Pineau. ''The Divine Wind''. Ballantine, 1958. Kamikaze.
* James, D. Clayton. ''The Years of MacArthur''. Vol. 2. Houghton Mifflin, 1972.
* {{cite book|last=Jansen|first=Marius B.|authorlink=Marius Jansen|title=The Making of Modern Japan|url=https://archive.org/details/makingofmodernja00jans|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2002|location=Cambridge, Mass|origyear=|isbn=0-674-00334-9|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last1=Jowett|first1=Phillip|title=Rays of the Rising Sun: Japan's Asian Allies 1931–1945 Volume 1: China and Manchukuo|date=2005|publisher=Helion and Company Ltd.|isbn=1-874622-21-3}}
* Kirby, S. Woodburn ''The War Against Japan''. 4 vols. London: H.M.S.O., 1957–1965. Official Royal Navy history.
* {{cite web |first
* Leary, William M. ''We Shall Return: MacArthur's Commanders and the Defeat of Japan''. University Press of Kentucky, 1988.
* {{cite book |last=Long |first=Gavin |year=1963 |url
* {{cite book |last=McCarthy |first=Dudley |title=South-West Pacific Area – First Year |series=Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army |volume
* {{cite book |editor-last=McGibbon |editor-first=Ian |title = The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Auckland |year=2000 |ISBN = 0-19-558376-0}}
* Maurice Matloff and Edwin M. Snell [http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/Sp1941-42/index.htm ''Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare 1941–1942''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528225133/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/SP1941-42/index.htm |date=2015-05-28 }}, [[United States Army Center of Military History]], Washington, D. C., 1990
* {{cite book |last=Stille|first=Mark |title=The Imperial Japanese Navy in the Pacific War |url=https://archive.org/details/imperialjapanese0000stil_s0r1|publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=2014 |ISBN = 1-
* {{cite journal |last=Stevens|first=Keith |year=2005 |title = A Token Operation: 204 Military Mission to China, 1941–1945 |journal=Asian Affairs |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=66, 74 |publisher=Risk Management Reference Center, EBSCOhost |doi = 10.1080/03068370500039151 |url = |ref = {{sfnRef|Stevens}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Miller |first=Edward S.|year=2007 |title = War Plan Orange: The U.S. Strategy to Defeat Japan, 1897–1945 |publisher=US Naval Institute Press |ISBN = 1-59114-500-7}}
* {{cite book |last = [[Mark Peattie|Peattie]]|first = Mark R|title = Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909–1941 |publisher = Naval Institute Press|location = Annapolis, Maryland |year = 2007 |ISBN = 1-59114-664-X |ref = harv}}
* [[Samuel Eliot Morison]], ''[[History of United States Naval Operations in World War II]]''. Vol. 3, The Rising Sun in the Pacific. Boston: Little, Brown, 1961; Vol. 4, Coral Sea, Midway and Submarine Actions. 1949; Vol. 5, The Struggle for Guadalcanal. 1949; Vol. 6, Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier. 1950; Vol. 7, Aleutians, Gilberts, and Marshalls. 1951; Vol. 8, New Guinea and the Marianas. 1962; Vol. 12, Leyte. 1958; vol. 13, The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas. 1959; Vol. 14, Victory in the Pacific. 1961.
* {{cite book |last=Takemae |first=Eiji |title
* Masatake Okumiya, and Mitso Fuchida. ''Midway: The Battle That Doomed Japan''. Naval Institute Press, 1955.
* Potter, E. B. and Chester W. Nimitz. ''Triumph in the Pacific''. Prentice Hall, 1963. Naval battles
Baris 100 ⟶ 152:
* [[John Toland (author)|John Toland]], ''[[The Rising Sun]]''. 2 vols. Random House, 1970. Japan's war.
* [[Ian W. Toll]]. ''Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941–1942'' (2011)
* {{Cite book
* Willmott ''Empires in the Balance''. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute Press, 1982.
* Willmott, H.P. ''The Barrier and the Javelin''. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute Press, 1983.
Baris 108 ⟶ 160:
* {{Cite book |last1 = Harries |first1 = Meirion |last2 = Harries |first2 = Susie |year = 1994 |chapter = |title = Soldiers of the Sun : The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army |publisher = [[Random House]] |location = New York |ISBN = 0-679-75303-6}}
* Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, ''[https://www.ucis.pitt.edu/nceeer/2003-817-10-Hasegawa.pdf The Soviet factor in ending the Pacific War]'' (2003)
* {{cite book |author = Werner Gruhl |title = Imperial Japan's World War Two: 1931–1945 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zNN6M97vYMEC |date = 31 December 2011 |publisher = Transaction Publishers |ISBN = 978-1-4128-0926-9 }}
; Sumber primer
* United States War Department. ''TM 30-480 Handbook On Japanese Military Forces, 1942'' (1942) [https://archive.org/details/1942TM30-480 online]; 384pp; highly detailed description of wartime IJA by U.S. Army Intelligence.
{{refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
Baris 120 ⟶ 170:
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/Table_Of_Contents.htm "The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia" compiled by Kent G. Budge], 4000 short articles
* [http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=12427 Film Footage of the Pacific War] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106041638/http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=12427 |date=2011-11-06 }}
* [http://www.pacificwaranimated.com/ Animated History of the Pacific War] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227105936/http://www.pacificwaranimated.com/ |date=2013-02-27 }}
* [http://www.wtj.com/wars/pacific_war/ The Pacific War Series] – at The War Times Journal
* [http://www.morinoske.com/ Morinoske: Japanese Pilot testimonials – and more]
Baris 129 ⟶ 179:
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{{World War II}}
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