Pumpkin Spice Latte: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Orphan|date=Februari 2023}}
'''Pumpkin Spice Latte''' adalah minuman [[kopi]] yang diberi campuran rempah khas musim gugur ([[kayu manis]], [[pala]], dan [[cengkeh]]), susu panas, [[espresso]], dan [[gula]], ditambah [[krim kocok]] dan [[bubuk pai labu]]. Sejak 2015, esens labu ditambahkan sebagai bahan minuman ini. Minuman ini dijual terbatas oleh [[Starbucks]] dan kafe-kafe lain, biasanya pada akhir Agustus hingga Januari.▼
[[File:Starbucks Grande Iced Pumpkin Spice Latte.jpg|thumb|upright]]
==Sejarah==▼
▲'''Pumpkin Spice Latte''' adalah minuman [[kopi]] yang diberi campuran rempah khas [[musim gugur]] ([[kayu manis]], [[pala]], dan [[cengkeh]]), susu panas, [[espresso]], dan [[gula]], ditambah [[krim kocok]] dan [[bubuk pai labu]]. Sejak 2015, esens labu ditambahkan sebagai bahan minuman ini. Minuman ini dijual terbatas oleh [[Starbucks]] dan kafe-kafe lain, biasanya pada akhir Agustus hingga Januari.
▲== Sejarah ==
Starbucks mulai mengembangkan menu Pumpkin Spice Latte pada Januari 2003 setelah berhasil memasarkan menu khas musim dingin seperti Peppermint Mocha dan [[Eggnog]] Latte. Menurut Peter Dukes, pengembang produk Starbucks, tim ahlinya mengetes sepuluh produk di pasaran. Pumpkin Spice Latte keluar di tengah-tengah setelah menu [[cokelat]] dan [[karamel]]. Menurut Dukes, "tim menyadari rasa [[labu]] memiliki ciri khasnya sendiri, apalagi waktu itu labu masih dianggap biasa saja". Starbucks mencoba berbagai kombinasi dan rasio labu dengan rempah dan memutuskan resep tanpa labu sama sekali.<ref name="DailyMeal2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailymeal.com/news/history-pumpkin-spice-latte/102813|title=History of the Pumpkin Spice Latte|date=October 28, 2013|accessdate=October 6, 2014|website=The Daily Meal|last=Chou|first=Jessica}}</ref>
Pada musim gugur 2003, resep akhir ini diuji coba di [[Vancouver]] dan [[Washington, D.C.]] Penjualan menu ini melampaui perkiraan perusahaan. Kata Dukes, "kami awalnya tidak sanggup memenuhi permintaan pasar... kami terpaksa mempercepat pengisian stok di setiap gerai."<ref name="DailyMeal2013"/><ref name="WSJ2013">{{cite web|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/corporate-intelligence/2013/08/30/pumpkin-spice-latte-the-drink-that-almost-wasnt/|title=Pumpkin Spice Latte, the Drink That Almost Wasn't|date=August 30, 2013|accessdate=October 6, 2014|work=Wall Street Journal|last=Fieisher|first=Lisa}}</ref
Menurut perusahaan, Pumpkin Spice Latte adalah minuman musiman terpopuler mereka. Lebih dari 200 juta cangkir terjual sejak menu ini diperkenalkan tahun 2003 hingga 2015.<ref name="DailyMeal2013"/> Minuman ini memulai tren barang-barang berbau rempah labu seperti lilin, pengharum ruangan, donat, [[sereal sarapan]], permen obat [[batuk]], dan saus pasta.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/anthropology-in-practice/the-rise-of-pumpkin-spice/ |title=The Rise of Pumpkin Spice |first=Krystal |last=D'Costa |date=September 20, 2017 |accessdate=September 12, 2018 |website=[[Scientific American]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tompopomaronis/2017/09/08/the-world-has-an-obsession-with-pumpkin-spice-and-businesses-know-it/ |date=September 8, 2017 |title=The World Has An Obsession With Pumpkin Spice (And Businesses Know It) |first=Tom |last=Popomaronis |work=[[Forbes]] }}</ref>▼
Pada Agustus 2015, Starbucks mengubah resepnya dengan menambah [[labu]] dan menghilangkan pewarna buatan. Resep baru ini juga meliputi "[[Sirop|sirup]] rasa pai labu" bercampur gula, [[susu skim]] kental, esens labu, pewarna, dan pengawet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.starbucks.com/blogs/customer/archive/2015/08/17/pumpkin-spice-latte-2015.aspx|title=Big News for the Beloved Pumpkin Spice Latte|date=Aug 17, 2015|first=Peter|last=Dukes|website=My Starbucks Idea|publisher=Starbucks Corporation |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826081442/http://blogs.starbucks.com/blogs/customer/archive/2015/08/17/pumpkin-spice-latte-2015.aspx|archive-date=2015-08-26}} Via {{cite news|url=http://www.12newsnow.com/story/29980220/starbucks-debuts-new-pumpkin-spice-latte-ingredients-list|title=Starbucks debuts new Pumpkin Spice Latte ingredients list|date=September 8, 2015|author=Leah Durain|work=12 News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093109/http://www.12newsnow.com/story/29980220/starbucks-debuts-new-pumpkin-spice-latte-ingredients-list|archive-date=2015-09-24|url-status=dead}}</ref>▼
== Nutrisi ==
Pada tahun 2014, [[Vani Hari]], seorang narablog pseudosains kontroversial,<ref name="vox-enrages">{{cite web |last=Belluz |first=Julia |title=Why the "Food Babe" enrages scientists |url= https://www.vox.com/2015/4/7/8360935/food-babe |work=Vox.com |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=April 7, 2015}}</ref> mempersoalkan bahan-bahan yang digunakan oleh Pumpkin Spice Latte.<ref name=Engel /> Hari menyoroti penggunaan [[pewarna karamel]] Kelas IV (E 150d)<ref name=Engel /> yang mengandung sedikit [[4-MEI]], senyawa [[karsinogen]] potensial.<ref name=who75>World Health Organization (1975) [http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v06je13.htm Toxicological evaluation of some food colours, enzymes, flavour enhancers, thickening agents, and certain food additives]. Accessed on 2011-01-11.</ref> Pewarna karamel [[umumnya dinilai aman]] oleh [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA),<ref name=Engel>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/battle-brews-ingredients-starbucks-pumpkin-spice-lattes-article-1.1944315 |title=Battle Brews over Ingredients in Starbucks' Pumpkin Spice Lattes |date=September 18, 2014 |accessdate=October 6, 2014 |work=[[Daily News (New York)]] |location=New York |last=Engel |first=Meredith}}</ref> [[European Food Safety Authority]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/ans110308|title=EFSA reviews safety of caramel colours |accessdate=2015-01-08 }}</ref> dan [[Health Canada]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://globalnews.ca/news/695339/coke-changes-recipe-pepsi-still-contains-cancer-causing-chemical-u-s-watchdog/ |title=Coke changes recipe; Pepsi still contains cancer-causing chemical, U.S. watchdog says |date=2013-07-05 |accessdate=2015-01-08 }}</ref> FDA menilai keterpaparan 4-MEI oleh manusia dalam kadar normal masih aman.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fda.gov/food/ingredientspackaginglabeling/foodadditivesingredients/ucm364184.htm |title=Questions & Answers on Caramel Coloring and 4-MEI |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2014-11-05 |website=FDA.gov |publisher=[[Food and Drug Administration]] |access-date=2015-12-11 |quote=Based on the available information, FDA has no reason to believe that there is any immediate or short-term danger presented by 4-MEI at the levels expected in food from the use of caramel coloring.}}</ref>
Sebelum esens labu ditambahkan tahun 2015, Hari juga mempersoalkan tidak adanya labu betulan dalam resep minuman ini. Juru bicara [[Institute of Food Technologists]] (IFT), Kantha Shelke, berpendapat bahwa minuman ini bertujuan memperkuat rasa rempah yang dipakai oleh [[pai labu]], bukan rasa labu itu sendiri.<ref name="Oaklander2014">{{cite journal|url=http://time.com/3264103/pumpkin-spice-latte-chemistry/|title=In Defense of the Pumpkin Spice Latte|last=Oaklander|first=Mandy|date=September 3, 2014|journal=Time|accessdate=September 26, 2016}}</ref><ref name="IFT101">{{Cite web |title=Pumpkin Spice 101 |url=http://www.ift.org/knowledge-center/learn-about-food-science/food-facts/pumpkin-spice-101.aspx |website=Institute of Food Technologists |accessdate=October 27, 2015 |first=Kantha |last=Shelke}}</ref>
Hari dan peneliti lainnya mempersoalkan tingginya kandungan gula dalam minuman ini. Wartawan ''Time'', Mandy Oaklander, melaporkan bahwa satu sajian saus labu Starbucks mengandung {{convert|8|g}} gula. Pumpkin Spice Latte ukuran "grande" (tiga sajian sirup) mengandung {{convert|49|g|abbr=on}} gula, {{convert|24|g|abbr=on}} di antaranya berasal dari perisa rempah labu.<ref name="Oaklander2014"/> Pumpkin Spice Latte ukuran {{cvt|16|USoz|ml}} mengandung {{convert|380|Cal|kJ}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pumpkin Spice Lattee|publisher=Starbucks Coffee Company|url=https://www.starbucks.com/menu/drinks/espresso/pumpkin-spice-latte|website=Starbucks.com|accessdate=February 5, 2017}}</ref> [[Reference Daily Intake|Acuan Konsumsi Harian]] yang dikeluarkan oleh FDA merekomendasikan agar konsumsi [[gula tambahan]] dibatasi {{cvt|50|g}} per hari.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)|publisher=Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies|url=http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRI-Tables/5Summary%20TableTables%2014.pdf?la=en|date=November 30, 2010|access-date=March 11, 2018|quote=A complete document containing the four tables listed [at Dietary Reference Intakes Tables and Application: Health and Medicine Division].|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311202026/http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRI-Tables/5Summary%20TableTables%2014.pdf?la=en|archive-date=2018-03-11}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://nationalacademies.org/HMD/Activities/Nutrition/SummaryDRIs/DRI-Tables.aspx|title=Dietary Reference Intakes Tables and Application : Health and Medicine Division|website=nationalacademies.org|language=en|access-date=2018-03-11}}</ref>
▲Menurut perusahaan, Pumpkin Spice Latte adalah minuman musiman terpopuler mereka. Lebih dari 200 juta cangkir terjual sejak menu ini diperkenalkan tahun 2003 hingga 2015.<ref name="DailyMeal2013"/> Minuman ini memulai tren barang-barang berbau rempah labu seperti lilin, pengharum ruangan, donat, sereal sarapan, permen obat batuk, dan saus pasta.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/anthropology-in-practice/the-rise-of-pumpkin-spice/ |title=The Rise of Pumpkin Spice |first=Krystal |last=D'Costa |date=September 20, 2017 |accessdate=September 12, 2018 |website=[[Scientific American]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tompopomaronis/2017/09/08/the-world-has-an-obsession-with-pumpkin-spice-and-businesses-know-it/ |date=September 8, 2017 |title=The World Has An Obsession With Pumpkin Spice (And Businesses Know It) |first=Tom |last=Popomaronis |work=[[Forbes]] }}</ref>
Tahun 2015, Starbucks menambah labu dan menghapus pewarna buatan dalam resepnya.<ref name=bbg>{{Cite web |title=Starbucks Pulls Artificial Coloring From Pumpkin Spice Latte |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-08-17/starbucks-pulls-artificial-coloring-from-pumpkin-spice-latte |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |accessdate= October 27, 2015 |first=Craig |last= Giammona}}</ref> Shelke menulis bahwa perubahan ini tidak cukup terasa di lidah dan hanya bertujuan untuk "memuaskan orang-orang yang ingin melihat labu betulan di resepnya."<ref name="IFT101"/>
▲Pada Agustus 2015, Starbucks mengubah resepnya dengan menambah [[labu]] dan menghilangkan pewarna buatan. Resep baru ini juga meliputi "sirup rasa pai labu" bercampur gula, susu skim kental, esens labu, pewarna, dan pengawet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.starbucks.com/blogs/customer/archive/2015/08/17/pumpkin-spice-latte-2015.aspx|title=Big News for the Beloved Pumpkin Spice Latte|date=Aug 17, 2015|first=Peter|last=Dukes|website=My Starbucks Idea|publisher=Starbucks Corporation |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826081442/http://blogs.starbucks.com/blogs/customer/archive/2015/08/17/pumpkin-spice-latte-2015.aspx|archive-date=2015-08-26}} Via {{cite news|url=http://www.12newsnow.com/story/29980220/starbucks-debuts-new-pumpkin-spice-latte-ingredients-list|title=Starbucks debuts new Pumpkin Spice Latte ingredients list|date=September 8, 2015|author=Leah Durain|work=12 News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093109/http://www.12newsnow.com/story/29980220/starbucks-debuts-new-pumpkin-spice-latte-ingredients-list|archive-date=2015-09-24|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Penjualan dan pemasaran ==
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Menurut [[CNBC]], Pumpkin Spice Latte adalah minuman musiman terpopuler Starbucks dan terjual sebanyak 424 juta cangkir di seluruh dunia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/26/starbucks-is-introducing-its-first-new-pumpkin-beverage-since-the-pumpkin-spice-latte.html|title=Starbucks is introducing its first new pumpkin coffee beverage since the pumpkin spice latte|last=Lucas|first=Amelia|website=[[CNBC]]|date=August 26, 2019|accessdate=September 9, 2019}}</ref> ''[[Forbes]]'' memperkirakan Starbucks memperoleh $100 juta dari penjualan menu ini pada tahun 2015.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2015/11/10/the-pumpkin-spice-economy-how-starbucks-lattes-fueled-a-500-million-craze/|title=The Pumpkin Spice Economy: How Starbucks Lattes Fueled A $500 Million Craze|last=O'Connor|first=Clare|magazine=[[Forbes]]|date=November 10, 2015|accessdate=September 9, 2019}}</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
{{portal|Kopi}}
* [[Daftar sajian labu]]
Baris 30 ⟶ 42:
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.starbucks.com/menu/drinks/espresso/pumpkin-spice-latte Official product page]
* {{Cite web|title=Peter Dukes Shares the Story Behind Starbucks First Pumpkin Spice Latte|url=https://news.starbucks.com/news/starbucks-first-pumpkin-spice-latte|publisher=Starbucks Newsroom|date=August 25, 2014}}
* {{Cite web|title=Everything You Need to Know about the Return of Starbucks Pumpkin Spice Latte|url=https://news.starbucks.com/news/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-return-of-starbucks-pumpkin-spice-lat|publisher=Starbucks Newsroom|date=August 20, 2014}}
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