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Tinggi badan manusia: Perbedaan antara revisi

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[[Berkas:Human Growth.png|thumbjmpl|Contoh kecepatan pertumbuhan manusia menurut keadaan optimal (terima kasih kepada Richard Steckler).]]
'''Tinggi badan manusia''' adalah jarak dari ujung kaki hingga ujung kepala manusia saat berdiri tegak. Tinggi badan manusia bergantung pada faktor lingkungan dan genetik. Tinggi badan manusia beragam menurut pengukuran antropometri. Kelainan variasiVariasi tinggi badan (sekitaryang mencolok (20% penyimpangan dari rata-ratarataan) menyebabkandalam seseorangsebuah mengalamipopulasi terkadang disebabkan oleh [[gigantisme]] atauataupun [[dwarfisme]], bilayang takmerupakan lebihkondisi darimedis variasiyang tersebutdisebabkan masiholeh bisaabnormalitas dikatakangen normalatau endokrin.<ref>Ganong, William F. Review of Medical Physiology, Lange Medical 2001, p392-397</ref>
 
Pertumbuhan rata-rata untuk setiap [[jenis kelamin]] dalam populasi berbeda secara bermakna, di mana pria dewasa rata-rata lebih tinggi daripada wanita dewasa. Selain itu, tinggi badan manusia juga berbeda menurut kelompok etnis.
 
Pertumbuhan tinggi badan biasanya berhenti ketika lempeng pertumbuhan (lempeng efifisis) di ujung tulang menutup. Penutupan ini terjadi sekitar usia 16 tahun pada wanita atau 18 tahun pada pria. Tetapi, kadang-kadangTerkadang pada sebagian orang, baru menutup pada usia sekitar 20 - 21 tahun[http://www.catatandokter.com/2011/03/di-umur-berapa-tinggi-badan-berhenti.html [CDC<nowiki>]</nowiki>].
 
Dalam kondisi kemiskinan atau konflik berkepanjangan, faktor lingkungan seperti kurang nutrisi kronis pada masa kecil atau remaja dapat menyebabkan keterlambatan pertumbuhan, hingga (pada kasus parah) menyebabkan abnormalitas tinggi badan meskipun individu tersebut tidak memiliki kelainan gen.
Namun ada beberapa informasi yang menyebutkan tinggi badan khususnya pada tulang rawan intervertebralis dan efifisis masih dapat bertumbuh pada usia diatas 25 tahun, sebagaimana mana di jelaskan pada http://www.tinggibadan.com yang membantah teori yang mengatakan pertumbuhan berhenti di usia 16 tahun pada wanita dan 18 tahun pada pria.
 
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* {{cite book |title=Fitting the Task to the Man: An Ergonomic Approach |url=https://archive.org/details/fittingtasktoman0000gran |first=Etienne |last=Grandjean |location=London, UK |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |date=1987 |isbn=978-0-85066-192-7}} (for heights in U.S. and Japan)
* {{cite book |title=Eurostat Statistical Yearbook 2004 |location=[[Luxembourg]] |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |isbn=978-92-79-38906-1}} (for heights in Germany)
* [[Statistics Netherlands|Netherlands Central Bureau for Statistics]], 1996 (for average heights)
* {{cite journal |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad347.pdf |title=Mean Body Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index, United States 1960–2002 |last1=Ogden |first1=Cynthia L. |last2=Fryar |first2=Cheryl D. |last3=Carroll |first3=Margaret D. |last4=Flegal |first4=Katherine M. |lastauthoramp=yes |journal=Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics |number=347 |date=27 October 2004 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.publications.doh.gov.uk/stats/trends1.htm |title=Health Survey for England - trend data |website=[[Department of Health and Social Care]] |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041010105413/http://www.publications.doh.gov.uk/stats/trends1.htm |archive-date=10 October 2004}}
* {{cite magazine |url=http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/?040405fa_fact |title=The Height Gap |last=Bilger |first=Burkhard |date=29 March 2004 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040402170212/http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/?040405fa_fact |archive-date=2 April 2004}}
* A collection of data on human height, referred to here as "karube" but originally collected from other sources, is archived [https://web.archive.org/web/20050509004407/http://www.kurabe.net/average_height/ here]. A copy is available [http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/~phurd/karube/ here] (an English translation of this Japanese page would make it easier to evaluate the quality of the data...<!--someone? any one?-->)
* {{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/04news/americans.htm |title=Americans Slightly Taller, Much Heavier Than Four Decades Ago |date=27 October 2004 |website=[[National Center for Health Statistics]]}}
* {{cite journal |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6f4e/6e7c1035dec4518ebbc7753e802e4b6380ee.pdf |title=Growth charts of heights and weights of male children and adolescents of Isfahan, Iran |last1=Aminorroaya |first1=A. |last2=Amini |first2=M. |last3=Naghdi |first3=H. |last4=Zadeh |first4=A. H. |lastauthoramp=yes |journal=Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=341–346 |year=2003 |pmid=15038589 |access-date=2019-05-23 |archive-date=2018-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919171832/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6f4e/6e7c1035dec4518ebbc7753e802e4b6380ee.pdf |dead-url=yes }}
* {{cite book |title=6. Celostátní antropologický výzkum dětí a mládeže 2001, Česká republika |trans-title=6th Nationwide anthropological research of children and youth 2001, Czech Republic |language=cs |location=[[Prague]] |publisher=State Health Institute (SZÚ) |date=2005 |isbn=978-8-07071-251-1}}
* {{cite book |title=The Growth of Humanity |url=https://archive.org/details/growthofhumanity0000bogi |first=Barry |last=Bogin |authorlink=Barry Bogin |date=2001 |location=[[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken, NJ]] |publisher=[[Wiley-Liss]] |isbn=978-0-47135-448-2}}
* {{cite book |title=Worldwide Variation in Human Growth |url=https://archive.org/details/worldwidevariati0000evel |edition=2nd |first1=P.B. |last1=Eveleth |first2=J.M. |last2=Tanner |date=1990 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-52135-916-0}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Miura |first1=K. |last2=Nakagawa |first2=H. |last3=Greenland |first3=P. |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Invited commentary: Height-cardiovascular disease relation: where to go from here? |journal=[[American Journal of Epidemiology]] |volume=155 |issue=8 |pages=688–689 |year=2002 |pmid=11943684 |doi=10.1093/aje/155.8.688 |url=http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11943684}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ruff |first1=Christopher |date=October 2002 |title=Variation in human body size and shape |journal=[[Annual Review of Anthropology]] |volume=31 |pages=211–232 |doi=10.1146/annurev.anthro.31.040402.085407}}
* {{cite news |url=http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/145966/0/ |title=Los españoles somos 3,5 cm más altos que hace 20 años |trans-title=Spaniards are 3.5 cm taller than 20 years ago |date=31 July 2006 |newspaper=[[20 minutos]] |language=es}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Krishan |first1=K. |last2=Sharma |first2=J. C. |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Intra-individual difference between recumbent length and stature among growing children |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_indian-journal-of-pediatrics_2002-07_69_7/page/565 |journal=Indian Journal of Pediatrics |volume=69 |issue=7 |pages=565–569 |year=2002 |pmid=12173694 |doi=10.1007/BF02722678}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Case |first1=A. |last2=Paxson |first2=C. |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Stature and Status: Height, ability, and labor market outcomes |journal=The Journal of Political Economy |volume=116 |issue=3 |pages=499–532 |year=2008 |pmid=19603086 |pmc=2709415 |doi=10.1086/589524}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Sakamaki |first1=R. |last2=Amamoto |first2=R. |last3=Mochida |first3=Y. |last4=Shinfuku |first4=N. |last5=Toyama |first5=K. |lastauthoramp=yes |title=A comparative study of food habits and body shape perception of university students in Japan and Korea |journal=Nutrition Journal |volume=4 |page=31 |year=2005 |pmid=16255785 |pmc=1298329 |doi=10.1186/1475-2891-4-31}}
* {{cite journal |title=Body height of mummified pharaohs supports historical suggestions of sibling marriages |last1=Habicht |first1=Michael E. |last2=Henneberg |first2=Maciej |last3=Öhrström |first3=Lena M. |last4=Staub |first4=Kaspar |last5=Rühli |first5=Frank J.|lastauthoramp=yes |journal=[[American Journal of Physical Anthropology]] |volume=157 |issue=3 |date=27 April 2015 |pages=519–525 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.22728|pmid = 25916977}}
 
{{Authority control}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Negara/Negeri
!Rata-rata tinggi Pria
!Rata-rata tinggi Wanita
!Sampel penduduk /<br /> rentang usia
!Metodologi
!Tahun
!Sumber
|-
|[[Algeria]]||{{Height|m=1.727}}||{{Height|m=}}|| 20-30|| Measured ||2006–2008||<ref>http://forums.interbasket.net/f10/average-male-height-by-country-updated-9287</ref>
|-
|[[Argentina]]||{{Height|m=1.735}}||{{Height|m=1.608}}|| 17 (healthy) || Measured ||1998–2001||<ref>{{Cite journal|first1=Mariana |last1=del Pino |first2=Luisa |last2=Bay |first3=Horacio |last3=Lejarraga |first4=Irina |last4=Kovalskys |first5=Enrique |last5=Berner |first6=Cecile Rausch |last6=Herscovici |year=2005 |title=Peso y estatura de una muestra nacional de 1.971 adolescentes de 10 a 19 años: las referencias argentinas continúan vigentes |journal=Archivos argentinos de pediatría |volume=103 |issue=4 |pages=323–30 |language=Spanish |url=http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?pid=S0325-00752005000400007&script=sci_arttext}}</ref>
|-
|[[Australia]]||{{Height|m=1.748}}||{{Height|m=1.634}}|| 18+ || Measured || 1995 ||<ref name="australia">{{cite web|url=http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/subscriber.nsf/Lookup/CA25687100069892CA256889001F4A36/$File/43590_1995.pdf |title=ABS How Australians Measure Up 1995 data |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Australia]]||{{Height|m=1.784}}||{{Height|m=1.645}}|| 18–24 || Measured || 1995 ||<ref name="australia"/>
|-
|[[Austria]]||{{Height|m=1.796}}||{{Height|m=1.671}}||21–25||Self Reported||1997–2002|| <ref name="econ.upf.edu">http://www.econ.upf.edu/docs/papers/downloads/1002.pdf The Evolution of Adult Height in Europe</ref>
|-
|[[Azerbaijan]]||{{Height|m=1.718}}||{{Height|m=1.654}}|| 16+ || Measured || 2005 ||<ref name=Azeri>{{cite web|url=http://www.today.az/news/society/19273.html |title=Azerbaijan State Statistics Committee, 2005 |publisher=Today.az |date=2005-05-07 |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bahrain]]||{{Height|m=1.651}}||{{Height|m=1.542}}||19+|| Measured || 2002 ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moh.gov.bh/PDF/survey/nut_survey1.pdf |title=Ministry.cdr |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Belgium]]||{{Height|m=1.795}}||{{Height|m=1.678}}||21–25||Self Reported||1997–2002|| <ref name="econ.upf.edu"/>
|-
|[[Bolivia]] – [[Aymara people|Aymara]]||{{Height|m=1.600}}||{{Height|m=1.422}}||20–29|| Measured || 1970||<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=ScfPjwF3BngC&pg=PA226&lpg=PA226&dq=bolivia+median+height+and+weight+chart#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Google Books: "Patterns of Human Growth;" Barry Bogin; 1999 |publisher=|date= |accessdate=2011-01-22|isbn=9780521564380|year=1999|author1=Bogin|first1=Barry}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kroatia]]||{{Height|m=1.856}}||{{Height|m=1.711}}|| 17 ||Measured||2005||<ref name=pmid16168365>{{Cite journal|author=Pineau JC, Delamarche P, Bozinovic S |title=[Average height of adolescents in the Dinaric Alps] |language=French |journal=C. R. Biol. |volume=328 |issue=9 |pages=841–6 |year=2005 |month=September |pmid=16168365 |doi=10.1016/j.crvi.2005.07.004 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1631-0691(05)00131-9}}. ''Note: Authors added +1 cm to the height mean of the male sample to compensate unfinished growth.''</ref>
|-
|[[Brazil]]||{{Height|m=1.707}}||{{Height|m=1.588}}||18+|| Measured ||2008–2009||<ref name="IBGE2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/condicaodevida/pof/2008_2009_encaa/pof_20082009_encaa.pdf |title=IBGE(2010) |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Brazil]]||{{Height|m=1.731}}||{{Height|m=1.611}}||20–24|| Measured ||2008–2009||<ref name="IBGE2010"/>
|-
|[[Bulgaria]]||{{Height|m=1.752}} ||{{Height|m=1.632}} |||| Measured || 2010||
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bnews.bg/article-4821 |title=Софиянци: високи, главно непушачи, средно дебели |publisher=Bnews.bg |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Cameroon]]||{{Height|m=1.706}}||{{Height|m=1.613}}|| Urban adults || Measured || 2003 || <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kamadjeu RM, Edwards R, Atanga JS, Kiawi EC, Unwin N, Mbanya JC |title=Anthropometry measures and prevalence of obesity in the urban adult population of Cameroon: an update from the Cameroon Burden of Diabetes Baseline Survey |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=6 |issue= |page=228 |year=2006 |pmid=16970806 |pmc=1579217 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-6-228}}</ref>
|-
|[[Canada]]||{{Height|m=1.736}}||{{Height|m=1.595}}||25+|| Measured || 2005 ||<ref name="Canada">[http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-522-x/2008000/article/11002-eng.pdf Methodological Issues in Anthropometry: Self-reported versus Measured Height and Weight], by Margot Shields, Sarah Connor Gorber, Mark S. Tremblay</ref>
|-
|[[Canada]]||{{Height|m=1.760}}||{{Height|m=1.633}}||25–44|| Measured || 2005 ||<ref name="Canada"/>
|-
|[[Chile]]|| {{Height|m=1.710}} || {{Height|m=1.591}} || 15–24 || Measured || 2009–2010 ||<ref name="chile"/>
|-
|[[Chile]]|| {{Height|m=1.712}} || {{Height|m=1.572}} || 25–44 || Measured || 2009–2010 ||<ref name="chile"/>
|-
|[[Chile]]|| {{Height|m=1.683}} || {{Height|m=1.543}} || 45–64 || Measured || 2009–2010 ||<ref name="chile"/>
|-
|[[Chile]]|| {{Height|m=1.642}} || {{Height|m=1.519}} || 65+ || Measured || 2009–2010 ||<ref name="chile"/>
|-
|[[Chile]]|| {{Height|m=1.696}} || {{Height|m=1.561}} || 15+ || Measured || 2009–2010 ||<ref name="chile">{{cite web|url=http://www.redsalud.gov.cl/portal/url/item/99c12b89738d80d5e04001011e0113f8.pdf |title=Capítulo V: Resultados |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-21}}</ref>
|-
|[[China (PRC)]]||{{Height|m=1.682}}||{{Height|m=1.586}}|| Urban, 17 || Measured || 2002 ||<ref name=Yang>{{Cite journal|author=Yang XG |title=[Study on weight and height of the Chinese people and the differences between 1992 and 2002] |language=Chinese |journal=Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi |volume=26 |issue=7 |pages=489–93 |year=2005 |month=July |pmid=16334998|author-separator=,|author2=Li YP|author3=Ma GS|display-authors=3|last4=Hu|first4=XQ|last5=Wang|first5=JZ|last6=Cui|first6=ZH|last7=Wang|first7=ZH|last8=Yu|first8=WT|last9=Yang|first9=ZX}}</ref>
|-
|[[China ]]||{{Height|m=1.643}}||{{Height|m=1.550}}|| Rural, 17 || Measured || 2002||<ref name=Yang/>
|-
|[[Colombia]]||{{Height|m=1.706}}||{{Height|m=1.587}}|| 18–22 ||Measured|| 2002 ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banrep.gov.co/docum/ftp/borra289.pdf |title=A TROPICAL SUCCESS STORY: A CENTURY OF IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BIOLOGICAL STANDARD OF LIVING, COLOMBIA 1910–2002 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Pantai Gading]]||{{Height|m=1.701}}||{{Height|m=1.591}}|| 25–29 || Measured || 1985–1987||<ref name="econ.yale.edu">{{cite web|url=http://www.econ.yale.edu/~pschultz/productivebenefits |title=Productive Benefits of Improving Health: Evidence from Low-Income Countries, T. Paul Schultz* |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Czech Republic]]||{{Height|m=1.803}}||{{Height|m=1.6720}}|| 17 || Measured || 2006||<ref>Econ Hum Biol. 2006 Jun;4(2):237–52. Two centuries of growth among Czech children and youth. Vignerová J, Brabec M, Bláha P.</ref>
|-
|[[Denmark]]||{{Height|m=1.806}}|||| Conscripts, 18–19 ||Measured|| 2006 ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dst.dk/pubpdf/10670/population_2 |title=DST Statistical Yearbook 2007 |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Egypt]]||{{Height|m=1.703}}||{{Height|m=1.589}} || 20-24 || Measured ||2008||<ref>Egypt - Demographic and Health Survey 2008. http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR220/FR220.pdf</ref>
|-
|[[Estonia]]||{{Height|m=1.791}}|| || 17 || Measured ||2003||<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lintsi M, Kaarma H |title=Growth of Estonian seventeen-year-old boys during the last two centuries |journal=Economics and Human Biology |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=89–103 |year=2006 |month=January |pmid=15993666 |doi=10.1016/j.ehb.2005.05.007}}</ref>
|-
|[[Finland]]||{{Height|m=1.784}}||{{Height|m=1.652}}|| 25–34 || Measured||2007||<ref>152. Peltonen M, Harald K, Männistö S, Saarikoski L, Lund L, Sundvall J, Juolevi A, Laatikainen T, Aldén-Nieminen H, Luoto R, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Taimi M, Vartiainen E: FINRISK 2007. http://www.ktl.fi/attachments/suomi/julkaisut/julkaisusarja_b/2008/2008b35.pdf</ref>
|-
|[[France]]||{{Height|m=1.741}}||{{Height|m=1.619}}|| 20+ || Measured || 2001||<ref name="insee.fr">{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/docs_ffc/es361d.pdf |title=324912r071a090 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[France]]||{{Height|m=1.770}}||{{Height|m=1.646}}|| 20–29 || Measured || 2001||<ref name="insee.fr"/>
|-
|[[Ghana]]||{{Height|m=1.665}}||{{Height|m=1.585}}|| 25–29 || Measured || 1987–1989||<ref name="econ.yale.edu"/>
|-
|[[Gambia]]||{{Height|m=1.680}}||{{Height|m=1.578}}|| Rural, 21–49 ||Measured||1950–1974|| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://personal.lse.ac.uk/sear/pdfs/anthrops%20and%20adult%20mortality.pdf |title=Anthropometric status and adult mortality in the Gambia |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Germany]]||{{Height|m=1.780}}||{{Height|m=1.650}}|| Adults || Self-reported ||2005||<ref name="destatis.de">{{cite web|url=http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Presse/pk/2006/Mikrozensus/Pressebroschuere,property=file.pdf |title=mikrozensus_2005.indd |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Germany]]||{{Height|m=1.810}}||{{Height|m=1.670}}|| 18–19 || Self-reported || 2005 || <ref name="destatis.de"/>
|-
|[[Greece]]||{{Height|m=1.781}}|||| Conscripts, 18–26|| Measured ||2006–2007||<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Papadimitriou A, Fytanidis G, Douros K, Papadimitriou DT, Nicolaidou P, Fretzayas A |title=Greek young men grow taller |journal=Acta Paediatrica |volume=97 |issue=8 |pages=1105–7 |year=2008 |month=August |pmid=18477057 |doi=10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00855.x}}</ref>
|-
|[[Hong Kong]]||{{Height|m=1.717}}||{{Height|m=1.587}}|| 18 || Measured || 2006 ||<ref name="Hong Kong">{{cite web|url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2458-8-320.pdf |title=1471-2458-8-320.fm |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Hungary]]||{{Height|m=1.760}}||{{Height|m=1.640}}|| Adults || Measured || 2000s ||<ref>[http://www.ngnet.hu/index.php?act=napi&id=11535 Average height of men and women (National Geographic, Hungarian)]</ref>
|-
|[[Hungary]]||{{Height|m=1.773}}|||| 18 || Measured || 2008 ||<ref> J Physiol Anthropol. 2008 Sep;27(5):241-5. Body mass and body fat in Hungarian schoolboys: differences between 1980-2005. Mészáros Z, Mészáros J, Völgyi E, Sziva A, Pampakas P, Prókai A, Szmodis M.</ref>
|-
|[[India]]||{{Height|m=1.645}}||{{Height|m=1.520}}|| 20 ||Measured|| 2005–2006 ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aeaweb.org/annual_mtg_papers/2008/2008_543.pdf |title=Angus Deaton, 2008 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Neelam Raaj, TNN, 13 April 2008, 02:08am IST |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Height_still_a_tall_order_for_Indians/rssarticleshow/2948001.cms |title=Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2008-04-13 |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[India]]||{{Height|m=1.612}}||{{Height|m=1.521}}||Rural, 17+|| Measured ||2007|| <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Venkaiah K, Damayanti K, Nayak MU, Vijayaraghavan K |title=Diet and nutritional status of rural adolescents in India |journal=European Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=56 |issue=11 |pages=1119–25 |year=2002 |month=November |pmid=12428178 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601457}}</ref>
|-
|[[Indonesia]]||{{Height|m=1.608}}||{{Height|m=1.504}}|| 50+ ||Self-reported|| 1997|| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=ccpr |title=Indonesia Family Life Survey,1997 |publisher=Repositories.cdlib.org |date=2003-04-01 |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Iran]]||{{Height|m=1.703}}||{{Height|m=1.572}}||21+||Measured||2005||<ref name=IranHeight>http://diglib.tums.ac.ir/pub/magmng/pdf/6079.pdf Secular Trend of Height Variations in Iranian Population Born between 1940 and 1984</ref>
|-
|[[Iran]]||{{Height|m=1.734}}||{{Height|m=1.598}}||21–25||Measured||2005||<ref name="IranHeight"/>
|-
|[[Iraq]] – [[Baghdad]]||{{Height|m=1.694}}||{{Height|m=1.558}}|| 18–44 ||Measured||1999–2000|| <ref>http://www.unu.edu/unupress/food/fnb23-4.pdf Relationship between waist circumference and blood
pressure among the population in Baghdad,Iraq,Haifa Tawfeek</ref>
|-
|[[Ireland]]||{{Height|m=1.774}}||{{Height|m=1.644}}||21–25||Self Reported||1997–2002|| <ref name="econ.upf.edu"/>
|-
|[[Israel]]||{{Height|m=1.770}}||{{Height|m=1.660}}|| 18–21 ||Measured||2010||<ref>http://www.health-pages.co.il/article.php?article_id=1667</ref>
|-
|[[Italy]]||{{Height|m=1.760}}||{{Height|m=1.650}}|| 18–40 ||Measured||2005||<ref>Altezza media per sesso e regione per le persone di 18–40 anni, anno 2006, Received from ISTAT 11 Feb. 2009</ref>
|-
|[[Jamaica]]||{{Height|m=1.718}}||{{Height|m=1.608}}|| 25–74||Measured||1994–1996||
<ref name="care.diabetesjournals.org">{{Cite journal|author=Okosun IS, Cooper RS, Rotimi CN, Osotimehin B, Forrester T |title=Association of waist circumference with risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Nigerians, Jamaicans, and African-Americans |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=21 |issue=11 |pages=1836–42 |year=1998 |month=November |pmid=9802730 |doi=10.2337/diacare.21.11.1836}}</ref>
|-
|[[Japan]] ||{{Height|m=1.695}}||{{Height|m=1.570}}|| 19 || Measured ||2006||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/houdou/19/10/07092511/007/002.xls |title=Official Statistics by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Libya]]||{{Height|m=1.793}} ||{{Height|m=1.684}}|| 18 || Measured || 2006 ||<ref>136. Anthropol Anz. 2005 Mar;63(1):29-44. Sex and gender differences in secular trend of body size and frame indices of Lithuanians. Tutkuviene J.</ref>
|-
|[[Lithuania]]||{{Height|m=1.813}} ||{{Height|m=1.675}}|| 18 || Measured || 2005 ||<ref>136. Anthropol Anz. 2005 Mar;63(1):29-44. Sex and gender differences in secular trend of body size and frame indices of Lithuanians. Tutkuviene J.</ref>
|-
|[[Malaysia]]||{{Height|m=1.627}}||{{Height|m=1.513}}|| 20+ ||Measured|| 1996 ||<ref name=Ma>[http://www.crc.gov.my/publications/documents/Journal/Distribution%20of%20body%20weight,%20height%20and%20BMI%20in%20national%20sampl.pdf Distribution of Body Weight, Height and Body Mass Index in a National Sample of Malaysian Adults]{{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref>
|-
|[[Malta]]||{{Height|m=1.699}}||{{Height|m=1.599}}|| Adults || Self-reported|| 2003 ||<ref name=malta>[https://secure.gov.mt/nso/statdoc/document_file.aspx?id=573 2003 study]. A 2007 [[Eurostat]] study revealed the same results – the average Maltese person is 164.9cm (5'4.9") compared to the EU average of 169.6 cm (5'6.7").</ref>
|-
|[[Malta]]||{{Height|m=1.752}}||{{Height|m=1.638}}|| 25–34 ||Self-reported||2003||<ref name=malta/>
|-
|[[Malawi]]||{{Height|m=1.660}}||{{Height|m=1.550}}||Urban, 16–60 || Measured ||2000||<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Msamati BC, Igbigbi PS |title=Anthropometric profile of urban adult black Malawians |journal=East African Medical Journal |volume=77 |issue=7 |pages=364–8 |year=2000 |month=July |pmid=12862154}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mali]]||{{Height|m=1.713}}||{{Height|m=1.604}}|| Rural adults ||Measured||1992|| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/110486497/ABSTRACT |title=Nutritional status of adults in rural Mali,Katherine A. Dettwyler |publisher=.interscience.wiley.com |date=1990-08-10 |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mexico]] – [[Morelos]]||{{Height|m=1.670}}||{{Height|m=1.550}}||Adults||Self-reported||1998|| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scielosp.org/pdf/spm/v48n2/29722.pdf |title=Indice de masa corporal y percepción de la imagen corporal en una población adulta mexicana: la precisión del autorreporte |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mexico]]||{{Height|m=1.630}}||{{Height|m=1.510}}||50+||Measured||2001|| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mhas.pop.upenn.edu/english/documents/Methodological/Doc_metodologico-v2.pdf |title=Microsoft Word - 40E0623B-4314-084CC8.doc |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mongolia]]||{{Height|m=1.654}}||{{Height|m=1.567}}|| 25–34 || Measured || 2006 ||<ref>http://www.who.int/chp/steps/27%20December%202006%20Mongolia%20STEPS%20Survey.pdf</ref>
|-
|[[Netherlands]]||{{Height|m=1.799}}||{{Height|m=1.667}}|| 25+ ||Self-reported|| 2009||<ref name="statline.cbs.nl">{{cite web|url=http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLEN&PA=03799ENG&D1=242-253,255-266&D2=27-44&D3=0&D4=a&LA=EN&HDR=T&STB=G1,G2,G3&VW=T |title=Zelfgerapporteerde medische consumptie, gezondheid en leefstijl, Central Bureau of Statistics, 16 March 2009, accessed November 28, 2010 |publisher=Statline.cbs.nl |date=2010-03-16 |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Netherlands]]||{{Height|m=1.837}}||{{Height|m=1.693}}|| 25–34 ||Self-reported|| 2009 ||<ref name="statline.cbs.nl"/>
|-
|[[New Zealand]]||{{Height|m=1.770}}||{{Height|m=1.650}}|| 19–45 ||Estimates || 1993–2007 ||<ref name="nz">[http://www.osh.govt.nz/order/catalogue/pdf/muscl-kt.pdf (page 60) Size and Shape of New Zealanders: NZ Norms for Anthropometric Data 1993****]. Based on British norms and their relations to New Zealand values</ref>
|-
|[[New Zealand]]||{{Height|m=1.745}} ||{{Height|m=1.630}}|| 45–65 ||Estimates || 1993–2007 ||<ref name="nz"/>
|-
|[[Nigeria]]||{{Height|m=1.618}}||{{Height|m=1.578}}|| 18–74||Measured||1994–1996||
<ref name="care.diabetesjournals.org"/>
|-
|[[Norway]]||{{Height|m=1.795}}||{{Height|m=1.672}}||Conscripts, 18–19||Measured||2010||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/samfunnsspeilet/utg/201101/08/tab-2011-02-28-01.html |title=Statistics Norway |publisher=Ssb.no |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Norway]]||{{Height|m=1.820}}||{{Height|m=1.690}}||20–29||Measured||2010||<ref>http://www.helsedirektoratet.no/vp/multimedia/archive/00318/Fysisk_form_blant_v_318069a.pdf</ref>
|-
|[[Peru]]||{{Height|m=1.640}}||{{Height|m=1.510}}||20+|| Measured || 2005||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ins.gob.pe/insvirtual/images/boletin/pdf/ReporteEpidemiologicoINS2006-22.pdf |title=Microsoft Word - BOL_22_1_.doc |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Philippines]]||{{Height|m=1.609}}||{{Height|m=1.502}}|| 20+ || Measured || 2003||<ref name=nns>[http://fnri.dost.gov.ph/files/fnri%20files/nns/factsandfigures2003/anthropometric.pdf 6th National Nutrition Survey]</ref>
|-
|[[Philippines]]||{{Height|m=1.624}}||{{Height|m=1.517}}|| 20–39 || Measured || 2003||<ref name=nns/>
|-
|[[Poland]]||{{Height|m=1.785}}||{{Height|m=1.651}} || 18 ||Measured|| 2010||<ref>Polish 2010 growth references for school-aged children and adolescents. Kułaga Z, Litwin M, Tkaczyk M, Palczewska I, Zajączkowska M, Zwolińska D, Krynicki T, Wasilewska A, Moczulska A, Morawiec-Knysak A, Barwicka K, Grajda A, Gurzkowska B, Napieralska E, Pan H. Eur J Pediatr. 2010 Oct 23. ''Note: The values represent averages, not medians listed in the study.''</ref>
|-
|[[Portugal]]||{{Height|m=1.728}}|| || Conscripts, 21 ||Measured|| 1998–99||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/pdf/2004-17/3/205-210.pdf |title=2363 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Singapore]]||{{Height|m=1.706}}||{{Height|m=1.600}}|| 17–25 || || 2003 ||<ref>Deurenberg ''et al.'' 2003</ref>
|-
|[[Slovakia]]||{{Height|m=1.794}}||{{Height|m=1.656}}|| 18 ||Measured || 2004 ||<ref> Ľ. Ševčíková, J. Nováková, J. Hamade, M. Tatara: Rast a vývojové trendy slovenských detí a mládeže za posledných 10 rokov [Growth and development trends in Slovak children and adolescents during the last 10 years]. In: Životné podmienky a zdravie [Living conditions and health]. Editor: Ľubica Ághová. Bratislava 2004.
http://www.fmed.uniba.sk/fileadmin/user_upload/editors/ustavy/hygiena/ZPaZ2004.pdf
</ref>
|-
|[[South Africa]]||{{Height|m=1.690}}||{{Height|m=1.590}}|| 25–34 ||Measured|| 1998 ||<ref name="SADHS1998">{{cite web|url=http://www.doh.gov.za/facts/1998/sadhs98/chapter13.pdf |title=SOUTH AFRICA DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY – 1998 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[South Korea]]||{{Height|m=1.689}}||{{Height|m=1.581}}|| 19 || Measured || 2006||<ref>[http://www.korea.net/News/news/newsView.asp?serial_no=20070920015&part=109&SearchDay= Korea.net]{{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref>
|-
|[[Spain]]||{{Height|m=1.761}}||{{Height|m=1.655}}||21–25||Self Reported||1997–2002|| <ref name="econ.upf.edu"/>
|-
|[[Spain]]||{{Height|m=1.780}}||{{Height|m=1.650}}||21||Measured||1998–2000||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/salud/ninos/espanoles/han/crecido/media/centimetros/anos/elpsalpor/20020618elpepisal_4/Tes/ |title=Los niños españoles han crecido una media de diez centímetros en 16 años • ELPAÍS.com |publisher=Elpais.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sweden]] ||{{Height|m=1.779}} ||{{Height|m=1.646}}|| 20–74 |||| ||<ref name=cavelaars>Cavelaars et al 2000.</ref>
|-
|[[Sweden]]||{{Height|m=1.815}}||{{Height|m=1.668}}|| 20–29 || Measured || 2008 ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dn.se/nyheter/sverige/svenskarna-langre-och-tyngre |title=Dagens Nyheter (2008-02-29) |publisher=Dn.se |date= |accessdate=2011-09-04}}</ref>
|-
|[[Switzerland]]||{{Height|m=1.754}}||{{Height|m=1.640}}||20–74 || || || <ref name="cavelaars" />
|-
|[[Switzerland]]||{{Height|m=1.781}}||||Conscripts, 18–21||Measured||2005|| <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Rühli FJ, Henneberg M, Schaer DJ, Imhof A, Schleiffenbaum B, Woitek U |title=Determinants of inter-individual cholesterol level variation in an unbiased young male sample |journal=Swiss Medical Weekly |volume=138 |issue=19–20 |pages=286–91 |year=2008 |month=May |pmid=18491242 |doi=2008/19/smw-11971}}</ref>
|-
||[[Switzerland]]||{{Height|m=1.782}}||||Conscripts, 19||Measured||2009|| <ref name=Staub>{{cite journal|last=Staub|first=Kaspar|coauthors=Rühli, Frank; Woitek, Ulrich; Pfister, Christian|title=The average height of 18- and 19-year-old conscripts (N=458,322) in Switzerland from 1992 to 2009, and the secular height trend since 1878|journal=Swiss Medical Weekly|date=30|year=2011|month=July|doi=10.4414/smw.2011.13238|url=http://www.smw.ch/content/smw-2011-13238/|accessdate=9 August 2011}}</ref>
|-
|[[Thailand]]||{{Height|m=1.645}}||{{Height|m=1.543}}|| STOU university student ||Self-reported||1991–1995 ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nceph.anu.edu.au/Thai_Cohort_Study/General/Boonchai-Obesity-STOU-Newspaper.pdf |title=Obesity among STOU students by STOU Health research project |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[Turkey]] – [[Ankara]]||{{Height|m=1.740}}||{{Height|m=1.589}}||18–59||Measured||2004–2006|| <ref name=trk>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1537/ase.061213 |title=Secular trend in body height and weight of Turkish adults |year=2008 |last1=Özer |first1=Basak Koca |journal=Anthropological Science |volume=116 |page=191|issue=3}}</ref>
|-
|[[Turkey]] – [[Ankara]]||{{Height|m=1.761}}||{{Height|m=1.620}}||18–29||Measured||2004–2006|| <ref name=trk/>
|-
|[[Turkey]] – [[Edirne]]||{{Height|m=1.737}}||{{Height|m=1.614}}||17||Measured||2001|| <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Oner N |title=Prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in Turkish adolescents |journal=Swiss Medical Weekly |volume=134 |issue=35–36 |pages=529–33 |year=2004 |month=September |pmid=15517506 |doi=2004/35/smw-10740|author-separator=,|author2=Vatansever U|author3=Sari A|display-authors=3|last4=Ekuklu|first4=E|last5=Güzel|first5=A|last6=Karasalihoğlu|first6=S|last7=Boris|first7=NW}}</ref>
|-
|[[United Arab Emirates]]
||{{Height|m=1.734}}
||{{Height|m=1.564}}
||
||
||2008
||<ref name="UAEKids">{{cite journal | url=http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jea/18/6/295/_pdf | title=National Growth Charts for the United Arab Emirates | author=Abdulrazzaq, Yousef M | journal=J Epidemiol | year=2008 | volume=18 | issue=6 | pages=295–303 | doi=10.2188/jea.JE2008037 | last2=Moussa | first2=Mohamed A | last3=Nagelkerke | first3=Nicolaas | pmid=19075495}}</ref>
|-
|[[United Kingdom|U.K.]] – [[England]]||{{Height|m=1.776}}||{{Height|m=1.637}}|| 25–34 ||Measured|| 2008 ||<ref name=uk>{{cite web|url=http://www.ic.nhs.uk/statistics-and-data-collections/health-and-lifestyles-related-surveys/health-survey-for-england/health-survey-for-england--2008-trend-tables |title=Health Survey for England 2008 |publisher=Ic.nhs.uk |date=2009-12-17 |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[United Kingdom|U.K.]] – [[England]]||{{Height|m=1.753}}||{{Height|m=1.616}}|| Adults ||Measured|| 2008 ||<ref name="uk"/>
|-
|[[United Kingdom|U.K.]] – [[Scotland]]||{{Height|m=1.782}}||{{Height|m=1.635}}|| 25–34 ||Measured|| 2008 ||<ref name=scotland>[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/09/28102003/0 The Scottish Health Survey 2008]</ref>
|-
|[[United Kingdom|U.K.]] – [[Scotland]]||{{Height|m=1.750}}||{{Height|m=1.613}}|| Adults ||Measured|| 2008 ||<ref name="scotland"/>
|-
|[[United Kingdom|U.K.]] – [[Wales]]||{{Height|m=1.770}}||{{Height|m=1.620}}|| Adults ||Measured|| 2009 ||<ref name="wales">{{cite web|url=http://wales.gov.uk/topics/statistics/publications/healthsurvey2009/?lang=en |title=The Welsh Health Survey 2009 |publisher=Wales.gov.uk |date=2010-09-15 |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[United States|U.S.]]||{{Height|m=1.763}}||{{Height|m=1.622}}|| All Americans, 20+ || Measured || 2003–2006 ||<ref name="cdc">{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr010.pdf |title=National Health Statistics Reports, Number 10, (October 22, 2008) |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-01-22}}</ref>
|-
|[[United States|U.S.]]||{{Height|m=1.776}}||{{Height|m=1.632}}|| All Americans, 20–29 || Measured || 2003–2006 ||<ref name="cdc"/>
|-
|[[United States|U.S.]]||{{Height|m=1.789}}||{{Height|m=1.648}}|| White Americans, 20–39 || Measured || 2003–2006 ||<ref name="cdc"/>
|-
|[[United States|U.S.]]|| {{Height|m=1.780}}||{{Height|m=1.632}}||Black Americans, 20–39 || Measured || 2003–2006 ||<ref name="cdc"/>
|-
|[[United States|U.S.]]||{{Height|m=1.706}}||{{Height|m=1.587}}||Mexican Americans, 20–39 || Measured || 2003–2006 ||<ref name="cdc"/>
|-
|[[Vietnam]]||{{Height|m=1.621}}||{{Height|m=1.522}}|| 25–29 || Measured ||1992–1993||<ref name="econ.yale.edu"/>
|-
|[[Vietnam]]||{{Height|m=1.657}}||{{Height|m=1.552}}|| 20-25 students|| Measured || 2006–2007||<ref name="js.vnu.edu.vn">{{cite web|url=http://www.js.vnu.edu.vn/tn_1_08/b8.pdf |title=The impact of environment on morphological and physical indexes of Vietnamese and South Korean students, Mai Van Hung*, Sunyoung Park* |date= |accessdate=2011-02-14}}</ref>
|}
 
[[Kategori:Antropologi]]
[[Kategori:Anatomi manusia]]
[[Kategori:Penampilan manusia]]
 
[[ay:Tansa]]
[[ca:Estatura]]
[[de:Körpergröße]]
[[en:Human height]]
[[es:Estatura]]
[[fa:قد انسان]]
[[fi:Ihmisen pituus]]
[[fr:Stature]]
[[hr:Ljudska visina]]
[[io:Staturo]]
[[is:Hæð manna]]
[[it:Statura]]
[[ja:身長]]
[[kk:Сэнди Аллен]]
[[ko:키]]
[[lv:Cilvēka augums]]
[[ms:Tinggi manusia]]
[[nl:Lichaamslengte]]
[[no:Menneskehøyde]]
[[pl:Wzrost człowieka]]
[[pt:Estatura]]
[[ru:Рост человека]]
[[sv:Längd (människa)]]
[[tg:Қади инсон]]
[[zh:人類身高]]
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