Hassan al-Turabi: Perbedaan antara revisi

Turabi lahir pada 1 Februari 1932 di Kassala,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=WPRdN1pFA9YC&pg=PA27&dq=Hassan+Al-Turabi+1932&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpn5Hog6vLAhUDx2MKHYByCj8Q6AEIKjAD#v=onepage&q=Hassan%20Al-Turabi%201932&f=false|title=The Red Sea Terror Triangle|publisher=|accessdate=8 Maret 2016|archive-date=2023-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817033842/https://books.google.ca/books?id=WPRdN1pFA9YC&pg=PA27&dq=Hassan+Al-Turabi+1932&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpn5Hog6vLAhUDx2MKHYByCj8Q6AEIKjAD#v=onepage&q=Hassan%20Al-Turabi%201932&f=false|dead-url=no}}</ref> utara Sudan, dari seorang sheikh [[Muslim]] Sufi, dan meraih sebuah pendidikan Islamis,<ref name=BBC>{{cite web|title=Profile: Sudan's Islamist leader|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3190770.stm|website=BBC News|accessdate=4 November 2014|date=15 Januari 2009|archive-date=2019-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215012239/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3190770.stm|dead-url=no}}</ref> sebelum datang ke Khartoum pada 1951 untuk mempelajari hukum dan bergabung dengan Ikhwatul Muslimin sebagai seorang pelajar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://atheism.about.com/od/islamicextremismpeople/a/turabi.htm|title=Islamic Extremists: Profile and Biography Hassan al-Turabi|author=Austin Cline|work=About.com Religion & Spirituality|accessdate=8 Maret 2016|archive-date=2015-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024134207/http://atheism.about.com/od/islamicextremismpeople/a/turabi.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ia lulus dari Sekolah Hukum Universitas Khartoum dan juga belajar di London dan di Sorbonne, Paris, dimana ia meraih gelar PhD.<ref name=BBC/> Ia menjadi pemimpin Ikhwatul Muslimin Sudan pada awal 1960an.<ref name=turabi-hrw>{{cite web|title=Biography of Hassan al Turabi|url=http://www.hrw.org/legacy/press/2002/03/turabi-bio.htm|website=Human Rights Watch|accessdate=4 November 2014|archive-date=2023-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325153035/https://www.hrw.org/legacy/press/2002/03/turabi-bio.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>

Pada 5 Maret 2016, Turabi meninggal di sebuah rumah sakit di Khartoum pada usia 84 tahun.<ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/03/sudan-opposition-leader-hassan-al-turabi-dies-160305170543964.html "Sudan Opposition leader Hassan al-Turabi dies"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408193212/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/03/sudan-opposition-leader-hassan-al-turabi-dies-160305170543964.html |date=2016-04-08 }}, Al Jazeera, 5 Maret 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.france24.com/en/20160305-sudan-opposition-leader-turabi-dies-islamist-bashir "Influential Sudanese opposition leader Turabi dies"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421030603/https://www.france24.com/en/20160305-sudan-opposition-leader-turabi-dies-islamist-bashir |date=2023-04-21 }}, France 24, 5 Maret 2016.</ref> Ia dipercaya meninggal karena serangan jantung. Pemakaman Turabi diadakan pada hari berikutnya, dengan sekitar ribuan pelayat hadir, dan ia dikubur di Burri Al-Lamab, sebuah pemakaman di timur Khartoum.<ref>[http://www.africanews.com/2016/03/06/sudan-s-influential-opposition-leader-al-turabi-buried/ "Sudan’s influential opposition leader, al Turabi buried"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425113349/https://www.africanews.com/2016/03/06/sudan-s-influential-opposition-leader-al-turabi-buried// |date=2023-04-25 }}, Africanews, 6 Maret 2016.</ref><ref>Najat Ahmed, [http://news.sudanvisiondaily.com/details.html?rsnpid=261253 "Al-Turabi mourned by nation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307101312/http://news.sudanvisiondaily.com/details.html?rsnpid=261253 |date=2016-03-07 }}, ''Sudan Vision'', 6 Maret 2016.</ref>

* Abdelwahid, Mustafa A. [http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=7453&pc=9 ''The Rise of the Islamic Movement in Sudan (1945–1989)''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313123048/http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=7453&pc=9 |date=2016-03-13 }}. The Edwin Mellen Press, 2008.

* [https://keluhkesahwww.mengulikbanten.com/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143902/https://www.mengulikbanten.com/ |date=2018-06-12 }} (dead link)

* [http://www.sudanupdate.org/WHOSWHO/NIF.HTM Sudan Update's entry on the National Islamic Front] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726225408/http://www.sudanupdate.org/WHOSWHO/NIF.HTM |date=2023-07-26 }}

* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4637069.stm BBC article on his June 2005 release] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421214158/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4637069.stm |date=2023-04-21 }}

* [http://www.islamonline.net/iol-english/qadaya/qpolitic-14/qpolitic1.asp Text of a speech given by al-Turabi before the U.S. House Foreign Affairs Africa Subcommittee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831041605/http://www.islamonline.net/iol-English/qadaya/qpolitic-14/qpolitic1.asp |date=2009-08-31 }} <!--Can anybody find this on the House site?-->

* [http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_Ch2.htm Chapter 2 of 9/11 Commission Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923214208/http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_Ch2.htm |date=2006-09-23 }} al-Turabi is described in Section 2.3