Injil orang Ibrani: Perbedaan antara revisi

''Gospel of the Hebrews'' adalah satu-satunya Injil Yahudi-Kristen yang disebutkan namanya oleh para [[Bapa Gereja]]. Diyakini disusun dalam [[bahasa Yunani KoineIbrani]].{{sfn|Ehrman|Pleše|2011|p=216}} Asal usulnya dikaitkan dengan Mesir;{{refn|group=n|name=note01|{{harvnb|Klijn|1992|p=42}} – "The GH is an authentic product of Egyptian Christianity."}} mungkin mulai beredar di [[:en:Early centers of Christianity#Alexandria|Aleksandria, Mesir]] pada dekade awal abad ke-2 dan digunakan oleh umat Yahudi-Kristen berbahasa Yunani di sana.{{sfn|Lapham|2003|pp=159,163}} <!--The communities to which they belonged were traditional, conservative Christians who followed the teaching of the primitive Christian church in Jerusalem, integrating their understanding of Jesus with strict observance of Jewish customs and law, which they regarded as essential to salvation.{{sfn|Lapham|2003|pp=9,16}} Despite this, the gospel displays no connection with other Jewish–Christian literature, nor does it appear to be based on the [[Gospel of Matthew]]{{refn|group=n|name=note02|{{harvnb|Jones|2000|pp=709–10}}; Matthew, while not itself a Jewish–Christian gospel, draws on Jewish–Christian sources}} or the other [[canonical gospels]] of what is now [[First Council of Nicaea|orthodox]] Christianity.{{sfn|Cameron|1982|pp=83–4}} Instead, it seems to be taken from alternative oral forms of the same underlying traditions.{{sfn|Ehrman|2005b|pp=15–6}} Some of the fragments suggest a syncretic [[Gnosis|gnostic]] influence, while others support close ties to traditional Jewish [[Wisdom literature]].{{sfn|Ehrman|Pleše|2011|p=216}}

* {{cite book |last = Bruce |first = F.F. |authorlink = F.F. Bruce |editor-last = |editor-first = |title = The Canon of Scripture |year = 1988 |publisher = Inter-Varsity Press |isbn = 978-0-8308-1258-5 |url = https://books.google.com/books/about/The_canon_of_scripture.html?id=p144CApRhgcC |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = Budge |first = E. A. Wallis |authorlink = E. A. Wallis Budge |editor-last = |editor-first = |title = Coptic Texts: Miscellaneous Coptic texts in the dialect of Upper Egypt, Part 2 Volume 5 |chapter = Discourse on Mary Theotokos by Cyril, Archbishop of Jerusalem |origyear = 1915 |year = 1977 |publisher = AMS Press |isbn = 978-0-404-11556-2 |url = http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015031103487;num=571;seq=7;view=1up |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = Cameron |first = Ron |authorlink = Ron Cameron (biblical_scholar) |title = The Other Gospels: Non-Canonical Gospel Texts |year = 1982 |publisher = Westminster/John Knox |isbn = 978-0-664-24428-6 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=oVJsLiQitO4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Cameron+The+Gospel+of+the+Hebrews#v=onepage&q&f=false |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = Edwards |first = James R. |authorlink = James R. Edwards |title = The Hebrew Gospel and the Development of the Synoptic Tradition |year = 2009 |publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn = 978-0-8028-6234-1 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=Vs9YXAB_axYC&pg=PA65&dq=gospel+ebionites+neologism#v=onepage&q=gospel%20ebionites%20neologism&f=false |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = Ehrman |first = Bart D. |authorlink = Bart Ehrman |title = Lost Christianities |origyear = 2003 |year = 2005a |publisher = Oxford University Press |isbn = 978-0-19-518249-1 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=URdACxKubDIC&pg=PA304&lpg=PA304&dq=%22Lost+Christianities%22#v=onepage&q=%22Lost%20Christianities%22&f=false |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last1 = Ehrman |first1 = Bart D. |last2 = Pleše |first2 = Zlatko |title = The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations |contribution = The Gospel according to the Hebrews |pages = 216–21 |year = 2011 |publisher = Oxford University Press |isbn = 978-0-19-973210-4 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=_d5ClkPhcW4C&pg=PA216&dq=216#v=onepage&q=216&f=false |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = Elliott |first = James Keith |title = The Apocryphal New Testament |origyear = 1993 |year = 2005 |publisher = Oxford University Press |isbn = 978-0-19-826181-0 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=9vNTo0m08nkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = Evans |first = Craig A. |authorlink = Craig A. Evans |editor1-last = Skarsaune |editor1-first = Oskar |editor2-last = Hvalvik |editor2-first = Reidar |title = Jewish Believers in Jesus |contribution = The Jewish Christian Gospel Tradition |pages = 241–77 |year = 2007 |publisher = Hendrickson Publishers |isbn = 978-1-56563-763-4 |url = http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/jewbelje.pdf |ref = harv |access-date = 2018-03-09 |archive-date = 2013-03-17 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130317172556/http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/jewbelje.pdf |dead-url = yes }}

* {{cite book |last = Gregory |first = Andrew |editor-last = Foster |editor-first = Paul |title = The Non-Canonical Gospels |contribution = Jewish–Christian Gospels |pages = 54–67 |year = 2008 |publisher = T&T Clark |isbn = 978-0-567-03302-4 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=ldUIShNpBjYC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=The+Non-canonical+Gospels+Foster+%22Gospel+of+the+Hebrews%22#v=onepage&q=The%20Non-canonical%20Gospels%20Foster%20%22Gospel%20of%20the%20Hebrews%22&f=false |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = Howard |first = George |authorlink = George Howard (Hebraist) |editor1-last = Freedman |editor1-first = David Noel |editor2-last = Myers |editor2-first = Allen C |title = Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible |chapter = Hebrews, Gospel According to the |year = 2000 |publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn = 978-0-8028-2400-4 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA570&dq=Eerdmans+Hebrews#v=onepage&q=Eerdmans%20Hebrews&f=false |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = Jones |first = F. Stanley |editor1-last = Freedman |editor1-first = David Noel |editor2-last = Myers |editor2-first = Allen C. |title = Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible |contribution = Jewish Christians |year = 2000 |publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn = 978-0-8028-2400-4 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Eerdman%27s+Dictionary+of+the+Bible+gospel+of+the+hebrews#v=onepage&q=Jewish%20Christian&f=false |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = Klauck |first = Hans-Josef |authorlink = Hans-Josef Klauck |title = The Apocryphal Gospels: An Introduction |year = 2003 |publisher = Continuum |isbn = 978-0-567-08390-6 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WoqXMHPY5EgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = Klijn |first = Albertus F.J. |authorlink = Albertus Frederik Johannes Klijn |title = Jewish–Christian Gospel Tradition |year = 1992 |publisher = Brill |isbn = 90-04-09453-9 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=GiUGA8XWiYsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22jewish+christian+gospels%22#v=onepage&q=%22jewish%20christian%20gospels%22&f=false |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = Kloppenborg |first = John S. |authorlink = John Kloppenborg |editor-last = Miller |editor-first = Robert J. |title = The Complete Gospels |url = https://archive.org/details/completegospels00robe |contribution = The Gospel of the Hebrews |pages = 427–34[https://archive.org/details/completegospels00robe/page/427 427]–34 |year = 1994 |origyear = 1992 |publisher = Polebridge Press |isbn = 0-06-065587-9 |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = Koch |first = Glenn Alan |editor1-last = Mills |editor1-first = Watson E. |editor2-last = Bullard |editor2-first = Roger Aubrey |title = Mercer Dictionary of the Bible |contribution = Hebrews, Gospel of the |page = 364 |year = 1990 |publisher = Mercer University Press |isbn = 978-0-86554-373-7 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA364&lpg=PA364&dq=Mercer+Dictionary+Hebrews,+Gospel |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = Lapham |first = Fred |title = An Introduction to the New Testament Apocrypha |year = 2003 |publisher = Continuum |isbn = 978-0-8264-6979-3 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=XRvHDfs1vyEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=An+introduction+to+the+New+Testament+Apocrypha+Lapham |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = MacDonald |first = Dennis R. |authorlink = Dennis MacDonald |title = Two Shipwrecked Gospels: The Logoi of Jesus and Papias's Exposition of Logia about the Lord |year = 2012 |publisher = Society of Biblical Lit |isbn = 978-1-58983-691-4 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=SbpVqpT6GikC&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20&dq=Dieter+Luhrmann+Fragmente#v=onepage&q=Dieter%20Luhrmann%20Fragmente&f=false |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = Metzger |first = Bruce M. |authorlink = Bruce M. Metzger |editor-last = |editor-first = |title = The Canon of the New Testament:Its Origin, Development, and Significance |origyear = 1987 |year = 1997 |publisher = Oxford University Press |isbn = 978-0-19-160687-8 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=gkit-fH4z4YC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = Schneemelcher |first = Wilhelm |authorlink = Wilhelm Schneemelcher |editor1-last = Schneemelcher |editor1-first = Wilhelm |editor2-last = Wilson |editor2-first = Robert McLachlan |title = New Testament Apocrypha, Volume 1: Gospels and Related Writings |contribution = General Introduction |pages = 9–75 |edition = 2 |year = 1991 |publisher = John Knox Press |isbn = 0-664-22721-X |url = https://books.google.com/?id=TDW0PeFSvGEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Schneemelcher,+Wilhelm.+English+translation+%281991%29+New+Testament+Apocrypha,+Vol.+1 |ref = harv }} (6th German edition, translated by George Ogg)

* {{cite book |last = Skarsaune |first = Oskar |authorlink = Oskar Skarsaune |editor1-last = Skarsaune |editor1-first = Oskar |editor2-last = Hvalvik |editor2-first = Reidar |title = Jewish Believers in Jesus |contribution = Fragments of Jewish Christian Literature Quoted in Some Greek and Latin Fathers |pages = 325–78 |year = 2007 |publisher = Hendrickson Publishers |isbn = 978-1-56563-763-4 |url = http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/jewbelje.pdf |ref = harv |access-date = 2018-03-09 |archive-date = 2013-03-17 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130317172556/http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/jewbelje.pdf |dead-url = yes }}

* {{cite book |last = van den Broek |first = Roelof |authorlink = Roel van den Broek |editor-last = |editor-first = |title = Pseudo-Cyril of Jerusalem On the Life and the Passion of Christ: A Coptic Apocryphon |year = 2013 |publisher = Brill |isbn = 978-90-04-23757-5 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=343TrN9KehcC&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=Cyril+of+Jerusalem+Gospel+Hebrews#v=onepage&q=Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem%20Gospel%20Hebrews&f=false |ref = harv }}

* {{cite book |last = Vielhauer |first = Philipp |authorlink = Philipp Vielhauer |editor1-last = Schneemelcher |editor1-first = Wilhelm |editor2-last = Wilson |editor2-first = Robert McLachlan |title = New Testament Apocrypha, Volume 1: Gospels and Related Writings |contribution = Jewish Christian Gospels |pages = 117–65[https://archive.org/details/newtestamentapoc0000unse_f7e4/page/117 117]–65 |edition = 1 |year = 1963 |publisher = Westminster Press |isbn = 0-664-20385-X |url = https://archive.org/details/newtestamentapoc0000unse_f7e4|ref = harv}} (3rd German edition, translated by George Ogg)

* {{cite book |last1 = Vielhauer |first1 = Philipp |last2 = Strecker |first2 = Georg |authorlink2 = :de:Georg Strecker |editor1-last = Schneemelcher |editor1-first = Wilhelm |editor2-last = Wilson |editor2-first = Robert McLachlan |title = New Testament Apocrypha, Volume 1: Gospels and Related Writings |contribution = Jewish Christian Gospels |pages = 134–78 |edition = 2 |year = 1991 |publisher = Westminster/John Knox Press |isbn = 0-664-22721-X |url = https://books.google.com/?id=TDW0PeFSvGEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Schneemelcher,+Wilhelm.+English+translation+%281991%29+New+Testament+Apocrypha,+Vol.+1 |ref = harv }} (6th German edition, translated by George Ogg)