Ikhwanul Muslimin: Perbedaan antara revisi

| ideology = {{nowrap|[[Pan-Islamisme]]<ref name=BBC_profile>{{cite news|title=Profile: Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12313405|publisher=BBC|first=Kim|last=Ghattas|date=9 February 2001}}</ref><br />[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Islamisme]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/6/18/what-is-the-muslim-brotherhood|title=What is the Muslim Brotherhood?|author=Al Jazeera Staff|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=18 June 2017}}</ref><br />Neo-Sufisme<ref>{{Cite book|last=R. Halverson|first=Jeffrey|title=Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2010|isbn=978-0-230-10279-8| location=New York|pages=62, 65|quote="Neo-Sufism assumed the basis of a secondary Athari tendency that we find in the thought of Hasan al-Banna and the Muslim Brotherhood... Neo-Sufism... was a major influence on the thought of Hasan al-Banna and the development of the Muslim Brotherhood.. "}}</ref><br />Konservatisme agama<ref>[http://carnegieendowment.org/2014/10/21/muslim-brotherhood-and-future-of-political-islam-in-egypt-pub-56980 The Muslim Brotherhood and the Future of Political Islam in Egypt], Ashraf El-Sherif, [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] website, 21 October 2014</ref><br />[[Salafiyah]]<ref name="Sageman 2004 7">{{Cite book|last=Sageman|first=Marc|title=UNDERSTANDING TERROR NETWORKS|url=https://archive.org/details/understandingter00sage|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2004|isbn=0-8122-3808-7|location=Philadelphia|pages=[https://archive.org/details/understandingter00sage/page/7 7]|chapter=Chapter 1: The Origins of the Jihad}}</ref><ref name="Lenz-Raymann 2014 80">{{Cite book|last=Lenz-Raymann|first=Kathrin|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1fxgjp.7|title=Securitization of Islam: A Vicious Circle: Counter-Terrorism and Freedom of Religion in Central Asia|publisher=Transcript Verlag|year=2014|isbn=978-3837629040|location=United Kingdom|pages=80|chapter=Chapter 3: Salafi Isalm: Social Transformation and Political Islam|jstor=j.ctv1fxgjp.7}}</ref><br />[[Anti-imperialisme]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Choi |title=The 20th Century: A Retrospective |publisher=Routledge |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-8133-2691-7 |location=New York, NY 10017, USA |pages=253 |chapter=10: Islamic Fundamentalism in Critical Perspective}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=K. Gani |first=Jasmine |date=21 October 2022 |title=Anti-colonial connectivity between Islamicate movements in the Middle East and South Asia: the Muslim Brotherhood and Jamati Islam |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13688790.2023.2127660 |journal=Post Colonial Studies |publisher=Routledge |pages=1-22 |doi=10.1080/13688790.2023.2127660 |via=tandfonline}}</ref><br/>[[Konservatisme sosial]]<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/06/rick-perry-and-the-muslim-brotherhood-compare-and-contrast/277404/ Rick Perry and the Muslim Brotherhood: Compare and Contrast - Mona Eltahawy on social conservatism in Egypt and the U.S.], J.J. GOULD, 30 June 2013</ref><br />[[Anti-Zionisme]]<ref name="Strindberg, Anders, and Wärn, Mats 2011 87">{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JLvM5I6KTvEC&q=%22social+institution+building%22+1975+1987&pg=PA86|title=Islamism|author=Strindberg, Anders, and Wärn, Mats |page=87|publisher=Polity|isbn=978-0745640624|year=2011}}</ref><br />[[Anti-komunisme]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nybooks.com/daily/2011/02/05/washingtons-secret-history-muslim-brotherhood/|title=Washington's Secret History with the Muslim Brotherhood|last=Johnson|first=Ian|date=5 February 2011|work=[[The New York Review of Books]]}}</ref>}}

| flag = Flag of the Muslim Brotherhood (2).png

Pada awalnya [[Arab Spring]] membawakan legaliasi dan kekuatan politik yang substansial pada kelompok ini, namun pada tahun 2013 mereka mengalami penolakan yang keras. Sebelumnya, pada tahun 2011, Ikhwanul Muslimin meraih kemenangan di sejumlah pemilu, termasuk pemilu presiden Mesir tahun 2012, di mana kandidatnya yakni [[Muhammad Mursi|Mohammad Morsi]] berhasil memenangkannya dengan raihan suara 51,7%. Pemerintahan Morsi pun didukung oleh [[Presiden Amerika Serikat|Presiden Amerika]] saat itu [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why did the Obama administration support Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood?|url=https://www.jpost.com/opinion/why-did-the-obama-administration-support-morsis-muslim-brotherhood-563641|website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com|language=en-US|access-date=2022-12-01}}</ref> Morsi lalu merubahmengubah [[konstitusi]] Mesir sehingga memberikan dirinya kekuatan absolut di sana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Egypt: President Morsi changes to the constitution trample rule of law|url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/egypt-president-morsi-changes-constitution-trample-rule-law|website=www.amnesty.org.uk|access-date=2022-12-01}}</ref> menunjuk pimpinan teroris sebagai [[gubernur]] daerah destinasi wisatawan asing,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Egypt appoints member of terror group that once massacred tourists to run tourism region|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/06/18/egypt-appoints-member-of-terror-group-that-once-massacred-tourists-to-run-tourism-region/|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2022-12-01}}</ref> dan mendorong penerapan [[Syariat Islam]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lutz|first=Ashley|title=The New Egyptian President Reportedly Said 'Jihad Is Our Path And Death In The Name Of Allah Is Our Goal'|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/morsi-says-jihad-is-our-path-and-death-in-the-name-of-allah-is-our-goal-2012-6|website=Business Insider|language=en-US|access-date=2022-12-01}}</ref> Tidak lama berselang [[ekonomi]] Mesir pun merosot tajam,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Egypt: Morsi's Policies to Blame for Deepening Crisis|url=https://www.ituc-csi.org/egypt-morsi-s-policies-to-blame|website=www.ituc-csi.org|language=en|access-date=2022-12-01}}</ref> dan [[Unjuk rasa|demonstrasi]] besar-besaran pun pecah.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Abdelmoez|first=Joel W.|date=2017-06-01|title=Is it a revolution or a coup? Scandinavian media representations of the ousting of Egyptian President Mohamed Morsy|url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.1386/ajms.6.2.109_1|journal=Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies|language=en|volume=6|issue=2|pages=109–131|doi=10.1386/ajms.6.2.109_1|issn=2001-0818}}</ref> Dengan dibantu oleh militer Mesir, para demonstran pun berhasil melengserkan pemerintahan Morsi. Ikhwanul Muslimin pun dilarang dan dinyatakan sebagai [[organisasi teroris]] di Mesir.<ref>{{cite web|title=President Morsi Ousted: First Democratically Elected Leader Under House Arrest|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/president-morsi-ousted-democratically-elected-leader-house-arrest/story?id=19568447|work=ABC News|access-date=7 September 2017}}</ref> Meskipun di lain pihak kelompok ini mengklaim sebagai organisasi yang demokratis, cinta damai, dan mengutuk tindakan kekerasan.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Slocum|first1=Steve|date=16 July 2019|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6KN6DwAAQBAJ&q=%22condemns+violence+and+violent+acts%22&pg=PT263|title=Why do They Hate Us?: Making Peace with the Muslim World|isbn=9780998683874}}</ref>

Al-Ikhwan Al-Muslimin mengutuk segala bentuk kriminalitas yang disebut dengan terorisme di seluruh belahan bumi di dunia Arab dan Islam, sebagaimana di belahan negara lainnya di dunia, seperti yang telah terjadi di New York dan Washington DC pada [[Serangan 11 September 2001]]. Begitu juga Al-Ikhwan sangan mengecam peristiwa anarkisme yang terjadi di [[Riyadh]], [[Bom Bali 2002|Bali]], [[Bom Madrid, 11 Maret 2004|Madrid]] dan lainnya Dengan sangat jelas Al-Ikhwan mengumumkan bahwa tindakan-tindakan kriminalitas seperti itu sama sekali tidak didukung oleh Syariat, Agama, dan Undang-undang manapun.<ref name="Tri Untoro"> {{cite book|author=Amer Syamakh., Amer|title=Al-Ikhwan Al Muslimun|publisher= Era Adicitra Intermedia|year=2011|id=ISBN 978-602-8237-90-1}} Halaman 90.</ref>

[[Berkas:Exs2.JPG|250px|kiri|jmpl|H. Agus Salim, Ketua Delegasi RI, bersama H. Rasyidi menyampaikan terima kasih bangsa Indonesia kepada Syaikh Hasan Al-Banna, Mursyid Am Al-Ikhwan Al-Muslimun, yang kuat sekali menyokong perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Sumber gambar:Hassan, M.Z. 1980. Diplomasi Revolusi Indonesia di Luar Negeri. Bulan Bintang. Jakarta. Hal. 220 ]]

Partai Masyumi kemudian dibredel oleh [[Soekarno]] dan dilarang keberadaannya. Kemudian pada Pemilu tahun 1999 berdiri partai yang menggunakan nama Masyumi, yaitu [[Partai Masyumi Baru]] dan [[Partai Politik Islam Indonesia Masyumi]] (PPII Masyumi). Selain itu berdiri juga [[Partai Bulan Bintang]] (PBB) dan [[Partai Keadilan]] (PK) yang sebelumnya banyak dikenal dengan [[Jemaah Tarbiyah|jamaah Tarbiyah]]. PBB mendeklarasikan partainya sebagai keluarga besar pendukung Masyumi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pbb-online.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=8&Itemid=33 |title=pbb-online.org |access-date=2008-02-22 |archive-date=2008-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207043743/http://www.pbb-online.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=8&Itemid=33 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sedangkan menurut [[Yusuf al-Qaradawi]], [[Partai Keadilan]] (kini berganti nama menjadi [[Partai Keadilan Sejahtera]] atau PKS) merupakan perpanjangan tangan dari gerakan Ikhwanul Muslimin Mesir yang mewadahi komunitas terbaik kalangan muda intelektual yang sadar akan agama, negeri, dunia, dan zamannya.<ref>Qaradhawi, DR. Yusuf (2001), ''Umat Islam Menyongsong Abad ke-21'', Era Intermedia, Solo, ISBN 979-9183-56-1 pp. 92;</ref> Namun tulisan ulama yang kini bermukim di [[Qatar]] itu belum pernah mendapat konfirmasi dari para pengurus DPP PKS.<ref>[http://www.eramuslim.com/ustadz/pol/7809190344-fenomena-pks-amp-kemiripannya-dengan-ikhwanul-muslimun.htm eramuslim.com]</ref> Jika dilihat dari Piagam Deklarasi PKS <ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.pks.or.id/content/piagam-deklarasi |title=www.pks.or.id] |access-date=2012-07-23 |archive-date=2012-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726204146/http://www.pks.or.id/content/piagam-deklarasi |dead-url=yes }}</ref> dan AD/ART PKS,<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.pks.or.id/content/falsafah-dasar-perjuangan-dan-platform-kebijakan-pembangunan-pks |title=www.pks.or.id] |access-date=2012-07-23 |archive-date=2012-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630163642/http://www.pks.or.id/content/falsafah-dasar-perjuangan-dan-platform-kebijakan-pembangunan-pks |dead-url=yes }}</ref> PKS tidak pernah menyebutkan hubungannya dengan Ikhwanul Muslimin.