Kartu Octopus: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Infobox electronic payment|image=OctopusFrontNew.jpg|name=Kartu Octopus<br>{{small|八達通}}|location=[[Hong Kong]]|launched=1 September 1997|service_1=[[MTR]], [[Kereta Ringan (MTR)|MTR Light Rail]], [[Trem Hong Kong|Hong Kong Tramways]], [[Peak Tram]], [[MTR Bus]], [[Park Island Transport]], Discovery Bay Transit Services, [[Citybus (Hong Kong)|Citybus]], [[Kowloon Motor Bus]], [[Long Win Bus]], [[New Lantao Bus]], [[Star Ferry]], [[Sun Ferry|New World First Ferry]], [[Coral Sea Ferry]], [[Hong Kong & Kowloon Ferry]], [[Fortune Ferry]], beberapa [[taksi]], toko serba ada, supermarket, restoran cepat saji, parkir, mesin penjual otomatis|service_2=|sales_location_1=|currency=[[Dolar Hong Kong|HKD]] {{small|(saldo maksimum HK$3.000)}}|stored_value=Sesuai kebutuhan pengguna|credit_expiry=|maximum_credit=|automatic_recharge=Automatic Add Value Service (melalui kartu kredit)|unlimited_use=|variant_1=|variant_2=|variant_3=|technology_1=[[FeliCa]]<br>[[Komunikasi medan dekat|NFC]]|operator=[[Octopus Cards Limited]]|manager=|homepage=[https://www.octopus.com.hk/en/ www.octopus.com.hk]|caption=Sisi depan kartu standar untuk penumpang dewasa (edisi 2006)|image_size=220px}}'''Kartu Octopus''' adalah sebuah [[kartu pintar nirkontak]] tanpa-sentuh isi ulang yang digunakan untuk melakukan pembayaran elektronik dalam sistem ''online'' atau ''offline'' di [[Hong Kong]]. Awalnya diluncurkan pada September 1997 untuk mengumpulkan biaya pembayaran [[sistem angkutan massal]] kota tersebut, sistem kartu Octopus telah berkembang menjadi sistem pembayaran yang digunakan secara luas tak hanya untuk [[transportasi di Hong Kong]] tetapi juga untuk pembayaran di [[toko kelontong]], [[supermarket]], [[restoran siap saji]], [[meteran parkir]], [[tempat parkir]], dan tempat lainnya seperti [[pom bensin]] dan [[mesin penjual]]. Bahkan beberapa organisasi sosial menerima sumbangan melalui kartu ini. Cara melakukan pembayaran dengan kartu ini yaitu meletakkan kartu di dekat pembaca kartu dan sebuah bunyi akan memastikan bahwa pembayaran telah diterima. Kartu dapat diisi ulang di mesin isi-ulang di ''subway'' dan stasiun kereta, di toko seperti [[7-Eleven]], [[Wellcome]], dan [[Circle K]], atau melalui [[kartu kredit]] dan [[rekening bank]].
[[Berkas:OctopusFrontNew.jpg|thumb|250px|Sisi depan kartu standar untuk penumpang dewasa.]]
 
Octopus telah menjadi sistem pembayaran elektronik paling sukses sedunia, dengan sekitar 14 juta kartu Octopus dalam sirkulasi (dua kali populasi Hong Kong), 10 juta transaksi per hari, 420 pedagang, dan 50.000 prosesor .<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.octopuscards.com/corporate/why/statistics/en/index.jsp |title=Statistik resmi Octopus] |access-date=2006-12-26 |archive-date=2007-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108111412/http://www.octopuscards.com/corporate/why/statistics/en/index.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. Pengoperasi kartu Octopus ini adalah [[Octopus Cards Limited]], sebuah kerja sama antara [[MTR Corporation]] dan penyedia transportasi lainnya di Hong Kong seperti [[Kowloon–Canton Railway|KCR]], [[Kowloon Motor Bus|KMB]], dan [[Citybus (Hong Kong)|Citybus]]. Anak perusahaan Octopus, [[Octopus Knowledge Limited]], telah memenangi kontrak sistem seperti Octopus ke [[Belanda]].
'''Kartu Octopus''' adalah sebuah [[kartu pintar]] tanpa-sentuh isi ulang yang digunakan untuk melakukan pembayaran elektronik dalam sistem ''online'' atau ''offline'' di [[Hong Kong]]. Awalnya diluncurkan pada September 1997 untuk mengumpulkan biaya pembayaran [[sistem angkutan massal]] kota tersebut, sistem kartu Octopus telah berkembang menjadi sistem pembayaran yang digunakan secara luas tak hanya untuk [[transportasi di Hong Kong]] tetapi juga untuk pembayaran di [[toko kelontong]], [[supermarket]], [[restoran siap saji]], [[meteran parkir]], [[tempat parkir]], dan tempat lainnya seperti [[pom bensin]] dan [[mesin penjual]]. Bahkan beberapa organisasi sosial menerima sumbangan melalui kartu ini. Cara melakukan pembayaran dengan kartu ini yaitu meletakkan kartu di dekat pembaca kartu dan sebuah bunyi akan memastikan bahwa pembayaran telah diterima. Kartu dapat diisi ulang di mesin isi-ulang di ''subway'' dan stasiun kereta, di toko seperti [[7-Eleven]], [[Wellcome]], dan [[Circle K]], atau melalui [[kartu kredit]] dan [[rekening bank]].
 
Kartu Octopus adalah sistem kartu pintar nirkontak kedua di dunia, setelah [[Upass]] Korea. Sistem ini memenangkan Chairman's Award pada World Information Technology and Services Alliance's 2006 Global IT Excellence Awards, antara lain, karena menjadi sistem pengumpulan tarif otomatis kompleks dan sistem pembayaran kartu pintar nirkontak yang terkemuka di dunia. Keberhasilannya mendorong pengembangan sistem serupa di tempat lain, termasuk kartu [[Kartu Navigo|Navigo]] di Paris, kartu [[Kartu Oyster|Oyster]] di London, kartu [[Kartu Opal|Opal]] di New South Wales, dan [[Network for Electronic Transfers|NETS FlashPay]] dan [[EZ-Link]] di Singapura.
Octopus telah menjadi sistem pembayaran elektronik paling sukses sedunia, dengan sekitar 14 juta kartu Octopus dalam sirkulasi (dua kali populasi Hong Kong), 10 juta transaksi per hari, 420 pedagang, dan 50.000 prosesor <ref>[http://www.octopuscards.com/corporate/why/statistics/en/index.jsp Statistik resmi Octopus]</ref>. Pengoperasi kartu Octopus ini adalah [[Octopus Cards Limited]], sebuah kerja sama antara [[MTR Corporation]] dan penyedia transportasi lainnya di Hong Kong seperti [[KCR]], [[KMB]], dan [[Citybus (Hong Kong)|Citybus]]. Anak perusahaan Octopus, [[Octopus Knowledge Limited]], telah memenangi kontrak sistem seperti Octopus ke [[Belanda]].
 
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 9:
* [[Mondex]], [[Visa Cash]] dan [[Mon€o]]
* [[Kartu Oyster]]
* [[Suica]]
* [[OV-chipkaart]]
* [[EZ-Link]]
* [[Transportasi di Hong Kong]]
* [[Uang elektronik]]
Baris 19 ⟶ 22:
* ''Octopus wins on cash card usage; MasterCard, Visa give up on Hong Kong Market'', ''[[Hong Kong iMail]]'', [[1 February]] [[2002]].
* ''[http://www.southcn.com/news/dishi/shenzhen/ttxw/200501190142.htm Connecting fare systems in Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong]''. ''[[Nanfang Daily]]'', [[19 January]] [[2005]]. (News report in Chinese). Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
* ''[http://www.hkcd.com.hk/20031108/ca618359.htm Extending Octopus to Shenzhen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050828124338/http://www.hkcd.com.hk/20031108/ca618359.htm |date=2005-08-28 }}''. ''[[Hong Kong Commercial Daily]]'', [[8 November]] [[2003]]. (News report in Chinese). Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
* ''[http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/4594409.htm Cash cards rule, change is passé in Hong Kong] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310232526/http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/4594409.htm |date=2007-03-10 }}''. Dan Gillmor, Mercury News, [[24 November]] [[2002]].
 
'''Penelitian'''
* ''[http://www.code.auckland.ac.nz/e-comWorkshop/work%5CAn%20arms%20length%20evaluation%20of%20Octopus.pdf An Arms Length Evaluation of Octopus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060211040500/http://www.code.auckland.ac.nz/e-comWorkshop/work%5CAn%20arms%20length%20evaluation%20of%20Octopus.pdf |date=2006-02-11 }}''. By John Paynter and Patrick Law, [[University of Auckland]] working paper.
* ''[http://www.sociology.ed.ac.uk/finance/Papers/Siu_Octopus.pdf Working paper. Octopus and Mondex - the Social Shaping of Money] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051010053148/http://www.sociology.ed.ac.uk/finance/Papers/Siu_Octopus.pdf |date=2005-10-10 }}''. Lucia Siu, [[University of Edinburgh]] working paper. April 2002.
* [http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/External/lac/lac.nsf/Sectors/Transport/0D8952C28A2975AE852568B20079C904?OpenDocument The Octopus System - The Hong Kong Mass Transit System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819030852/http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/External/lac/lac.nsf/Sectors/Transport/0D8952C28A2975AE852568B20079C904?OpenDocument |date=2006-08-19 }}. [[World Bank]] presentation from [[MTR]]. Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
* [http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/External/lac/lac.nsf/Sectors/Transport/D5A576A039A802C0852568B2007988AD?OpenDocument Hong Kong Smart Card System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304050613/http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/External/lac/lac.nsf/Sectors/Transport/D5A576A039A802C0852568B2007988AD?OpenDocument |date=2007-03-04 }}. [[World Bank]] presentation. Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
 
'''Dari homepage kartu Octopus'''
* [http://www.octopuscards.com/eng/general/news/20020326.jsp Press release on Nokia Octo-phone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050316205010/http://www.octopuscards.com/eng/general/news/20020326.jsp |date=2005-03-16 }}. From Octopus cards homepage. Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
* [http://www.octopuscards.com/eng/general/news/e20041119.jsp Special limited edition 2004 Octopus card] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050316205055/http://www.octopuscards.com/eng/general/news/e20041119.jsp |date=2005-03-16 }}. From Octopus cards homepage. Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
* [http://business.octopuscards.com/eng/partner/images/tech_cchsa_off.gif Architecture of the "central clearing house system"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030610152638/http://business.octopuscards.com/eng/partner/images/tech_cchsa_off.gif |date=2003-06-10 }}. From Octopus cards homepage. Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
 
'''Referensi lainnya'''
* [http://www.computerweekly.com/Article126026.htm NTT DoCoMo and Sony team up on contactless smart cards for mobile phones] ''Computer Weekly'', [[28 October]] [[2003]]. Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
* [http://www.erggroup.com/invst_relations/reports/annrept/index.htm ERG Group FY2004 annual report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102013145/http://www.erggroup.com/invst_relations/reports/annrept/index.htm |date=2020-11-02 }}. Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
* [http://www.info.gov.hk/hkma/eng/press/2000/20000425e4.htm Granting of authorisation to Creative Star Limited as a deposit-taking company] [[Hong Kong Monetary Authority]] press release, [[25 April]] [[2000]]. Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
* [http://www.mondex.com.tw/news_releases/intro_press_center_20030807_1.htm Mondex press release citing failure in Hong Kong] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060110120236/http://www.mondex.com.tw/news_releases/intro_press_center_20030807_1.htm |date=2006-01-10 }}. (Chinese only). Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
* [http://www.mcm.com.cn/english/news/shownews1.asp?id=12 Modern Computer press release on cooperation with MTR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028162119/http://www.mcm.com.cn/english/news/shownews1.asp?id=12 |date=2005-10-28 }} From the homepage of Shenzhen Modern Computer, the provider of automatic fare collection systems to Shenzhen Metro. Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
* [http://radio.weblogs.com/0121943/2004/03/09.html Where to focus RFID privacy concerns] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051227160814/http://radio.weblogs.com/0121943/2004/03/09.html |date=2005-12-27 }}. By Peter Winer, Big Chief Partners, Inc. Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
* [http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200305/21/0521207.htm Question on Octopus card reserve fares]. From the homepage of the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]], [[21 May]] [[2003]]. Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
* [http://www.idtechex.com/knowledgebase/en/casestudy.asp?freefromsection=11 Case study from the RFID Knowledgebase]. Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
Baris 45 ⟶ 48:
 
== Informasi lebih lanjut ==
* [http://www.td.gov.hk/transport_in_hong_kong/parking/carparks/octopus_operated_parking_meters/index.htm List of Octopus operated parking meters in Hong Kong] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071130032827/http://www.td.gov.hk/transport_in_hong_kong/parking/carparks/octopus_operated_parking_meters/index.htm |date=2007-11-30 }}. From the homepage of the Transport Department of the [[Government of Hong Kong]]. Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
 
* [http://www.td.gov.hk/transport_in_hong_kong/parking/carparks/octopus_operated_parking_meters/index.htm List of Octopus operated parking meters in Hong Kong]. From the homepage of the Transport Department of the [[Government of Hong Kong]]. Retrieved [[1 February]] [[2004]].
 
::As of 21 November 2004, all metered parking spaces in Hong Kong use Octopus, and the Transport Department's 13 multi-storey car parks no longer accept e-Park cards. Also, many of Hong Kong's parking lots no longer accept cash payments at the shroff's office; you must pay by Octopus card or credit card as you exit.
Baris 55 ⟶ 57:
* [http://www.erggroup.com ERG Group homepage]
* [http://konicaminolta.com.hk/bt/eng/products/octopus/detail_copys.html KonicaMinolta photocopy machines with Octopus cards]
* [http://www.eastwestconsortium.nl East-West Consortium (the Netherlands)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010713/http://www.eastwestconsortium.nl/ |date=2007-09-28 }}
 
'''Octopus Automatic Add Value Service'''
* [http://www.hsbc.com.hk/hk/personal/card/octopus/default.htm HSBC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820052644/http://www.hsbc.com.hk/hk/personal/card/octopus/default.htm |date=2006-08-20 }}
 
[[Kategori:Kartu pintar]]
[[Kategori:Kartu pintar nirkontak]]
[[Kategori:Transportasi di Hong Kong]]
[[Kategori:Merek Hong Kong]]
 
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[[ru:Октопус-карта]]
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