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Baris 1:
'''Metafora''' adalah pemakaian kata atau kelompok kata bukan dengan arti yang sebenarnya, melainkan sebagai lukisan yang berdasarkan persamaan atau perbandingan.<ref name=kbbi>[http://kbbi.web.id/metafora Metafora di Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) daring]</ref> Metafora adalah [[majas]] yang mengungkapkan sesuatu secara langsung berupa perbandingan analogis dengan menghilangkan kata seperti layaknya, bagaikan, dan lain-lain.<ref>{{cite journal|title= Majas Dalam Roman Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang Terjemahan Armijn Pane|authors= Anita, Ahadi Sulissusiawan, Amriani Amir|journal= Khatulistiwa|volume= 2|number= 9|year= 2013|issn= 2715-2723|page= 4|url= https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jpdpb/article/view/3239}}</ref> Beberapa pakar menganggap metafora sebagai “ratunya” majas, karena bila dilihat proses pembentukannya, banyak jenis majas lainnya yang dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam jenis majas ini.<ref>{{cite journal|title= Majas dan Pembentuknya|author= Okke Kusuma Sumantri Zaimar|journal= Makara|volume= 6|number= 2|year= 2002|issn= 2355-794X|page= 48|url= http://hubsasia.ui.ac.id/article/view/312|access-date= 2020-12-11|archive-date= 2021-09-17|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210917184253/http://hubsasia.ui.ac.id/article/view/312|dead-url= yes}}</ref>
Penggunaan majas ini dapat dilihat pada [[kalimat]] berikut ini:<ref>{{cite journal|title= Kemampuan Menentukan Bentuk dan Makna Majas pada Siswa Kelas IX MTSN 3 Banjarmasin|author= Ngatiyem|journal= Hadratul Madaniyah|volume= 4|number= 2|year= 2017|issn= 2407-3865|page= 35|url= http://journal.umpalangkaraya.ac.id/index.php/jhm/article/view/485}}</ref>
{{quote|''Dia dianggap, anak emas majikannya''}}
Makna dari "anak emas" pada majas tersebut adalah kata ''Dia'' dalam kalimat tersebut yang berarti seseorang yang sangat disayang oleh ''majikannya''.
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* [[Stefano Arduini]] (2007). (ed.) ''Metaphors'', Roma, Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura.
* [[Aristoteles]]. ''Poetics''. Trans. I. Bywater. In ''The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation''. (1984). 2 Vols. Ed. [[Jonathan Barnes]]. Princeton, Princeton University Press.
* [[Max Black]] (1954). ''Metaphor'', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 55, pp. 273–294.
* [[Max Black]] (1962). ''Models and metaphors: Studies in language and philosophy'', Ithaca: [[Cornell University Press]].
* [[Max Black]] (1979). ''More about Metaphor'', in A. Ortony (ed) Metaphor & Thought.
* Clive Cazeaux (2007). ''Metaphor and Continental Philosophy: From [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]] to [[Derrida]].'' New York: Routledge.
* L. J. Cohen (1979). ''The Semantics of Metaphor'', in A. Ortony (ed), ''Metaphor & Thought''
* [[Donald Davidson (filsuf)|Donald Davidson]]. (1978). "What Metaphors Mean." Reprinted in ''Inquiries Into Truth and Interpretation''. (1984), Oxford, Oxford University Press.
* [[Jacques Derrida]] (1982). "White Mythology: Metaphor in the Text of Philosophy." In ''Margins of Philosophy''. Trans. Alan Bass. Chicago, [[University of Chicago Press]].
* {{Cite book | surname= | given= | year= 2002 | editor=René Dirvens | editor2=Ralf Pörings | title=Metaphor and Metonymy in Contrast | publisher=Mouton de Gruyter | place=Berlin. }}
* {{cite book |doi=10.3115/991635.991671 |chapter=Metonymy and metaphor: what's the difference? |title=Proceedings of the 12th conference on Computational linguistics |year=1988|last1=Fass |first1=Dan |isbn=978-963-8431-56-1 |volume=1 |pages=177–81}}
* {{Cite book | surname=Jakobson | given=Roman | year= 1990 | chapter=Two Aspects of Language and Two Types of Aphasic Disturbances|pages=115–133| editor=Linda Waugh| editor2=Monique Monville-Burston| title=On Language | edition= | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, MA | isbn=978-0-674-63536-4}}
* Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. ''Metaphors We Live By'' (IL: University of Chicago Press, 1980), Chapters 1–3. (pp. 3–13).
* {{Cite book | surname=Lakoff | given=George | title=Metaphors We Live By | publisher=The University of Chicago Press | place=Chicago, IL | year=1980 | isbn=978-0-226-46801-3 | url=https://archive.org/details/metaphorsweliveb00lako }}.
* {{cite book |last=Low |first=Graham |chapter=An Essay is a Person |editor1-first=Lynne |editor1-last=Cameron |editor2-first=Graham |editor2-last=Low |title=Researching and Applying Metaphor |url=https://archive.org/details/researchingapply00came |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/researchingapply00came/page/n230 221]–48 |isbn=978-0-521-64964-3|date=1999-02-11 }}
* {{cite book |doi=10.3115/1118975.1118976 |chapter=Metonymy as a cross-lingual phenomenon |title=Proceedings of the ACL 2003 workshop on Lexicon and figurative language|year=2003 |last=Peters |first=Wim |volume=14 |pages=1–9}}
* McKinnon, AM. (2012). 'Metaphors in and for the Sociology of Religion: Towards a Theory after Nietzsche'. Journal of Contemporary Religion, vol 27, no. 2, pp. 203–216. [http://aura.abdn.ac.uk/bitstream/2164/3056/1/Nietzsche_religion_metaphor_for_repository.pdf]
* David Punter (2007). ''Metaphor'', London, Routledge.
* [[Paul Ricoeur]] (1975). ''The Rule of Metaphor: Multi-Disciplinary Studies in the Creation of Meaning in Language'', trans. Robert Czerny with Kathleen McLaughlin and John Costello, S. J., London: Routledge and Kegan Paul 1978. (Toronto: [[University of Toronto Press]] 1977)
* [[I. A. Richards]]. (1936). ''The Philosophy of Rhetoric''. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
* [[John Searle]] (1979). "Metaphor," in A. Ortony (ed.) ''Metaphor and Thought'', Cambridge University Press.
* Underhill, James W., Creating Worldviews: Metaphor, Ideology & Language, Edinburgh UP, 2011.
* {{cite journal|last=Herscberger|first=Ruth|title=The Structure of Metaphor|journal=The Kenyan Review|date=Summer 1943|volume=5|issue=3|pages=433–443|jstor=4332426}}
* {{cite journal|last=Rudmin|first=Floyd W.|title=Having: A Brief History of Metaphor and Meaning|journal=Syracuse Law Review|year=1991|volume=42|pages=163|url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/syrlr42&id=175&type=text&collection=journals|accessdate=11 October 2013}}
* {{cite journal|last=Somov|first=Georgij Yu|title=The interrelation of metaphors and metonymies in sign systems of visual art: An example analysis of works by V. I. Surikov|journal=Semiotica|year=2013|volume=2013|issue=193|pages=31–66|doi=10.1515/sem-2013-0003|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1040441}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Wiktionary|metaphor}}
{{Wikiquote|Metaphors}}
{{commons category|Metaphors}}
* {{In Our Time|History of metaphor|b00w227c|History_of_metaphor}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070101145805/http://tscp.open.ac.uk/t185/html/resources/r2history.htm ''A short history of metaphor'']
* [http://www.americanrhetoric.com/figures/metaphor.htm Audio illustrations of metaphor as figure of speech]
* [http://www.metaphorobservatory.com/2009/07/top-ten-metaphors-of-2008/ Top Ten Metaphors of 2008]
* [http://shakespeare-online.com/biography/metaphorlist.html Shakespeare's Metaphors]
* [http://literaryterms.net/metaphor/ Definition and Examples]
* [http://knowgramming.com/metaphors/metaphor_chapters/examples.htm Metaphor Examples (categorized)]
* [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/resolveform?type=start&lookup=meta&lang=greek List of ancient Greek words starting with ''μετα-''], on Perseus
* [http://www.iep.utm.edu/met-phen/ Metaphor and Phenomenology] article in the ''[[Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]''
* [http://www.bentamari.com/metaphors Metaphors algebra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819090012/http://www.bentamari.com/metaphors |date=2014-08-19 }}
* {{cite journal |pages=130–151 |doi=10.1016/j.pragma.2014.06.008 |title=Meaning construction in verbomusical environments: Conceptual disintegration and metonymy |last=Pérez-Sobrino| year=2014 |first=Paula |journal=Journal of Pragmatics |volume=70 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7924477 |format=PDF}}
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[[Kategori:Majas]]
[[Kategori:Metafora]]
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