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{{for|pemerintahan Taliban yang berkuasa di Afganistan|Keamiran Islam Afganistan}}{{Infobox war faction
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
|name = Taliban <br /> طالبان
{{for|pemerintahan Taliban yang berkuasa di Afganistan|Keamiran Islam Afganistan}}
|native_name = طالبان (ṭālibān)
{{Current related}}
|native_name_lang = ps
{{Infobox war faction
|war = {{plainlist|
|name = Taliban <br /> طالبان
* [[Perang di Afghanistan (1978–sekarang)|Perang di Afghanistan]]
|war = [[Perang Saudara Kudas vs Dita]], [[Perang di Afganistan]], dan [[Perang di Pakistan Barat Daya|Perang Waziristan]]
* [[Perang Melawan Teror]]}}
|image = [[Berkas:Flag of Taliban.svg|tepi|260px]]
|caption = Bendera Taliban berlatar belakang warna putih dengan tulisanmenampilkan [[syahadat]]
|leaders founders = {{plainlist|
* [[Mohammed Omar]] [[(Kematian karena sebab alami)]]
* [[Kudas]] (pendiri, 1994–2013)
* [[Abdul Ghani Baradar]] (pendiri lain)
}}
|leaders = {{plainlist|
* [[Mohammed Omar]] [[(Kematian karena sebab alami)]] (1994–2013)
* [[Akhtar Mansour]]{{KIA}} (2015–2016)
* [[Hibatullah Akhundzada]] (2016–sekarang)
* [[Muhammad Rasul]] (faksi pecahan, 2015–sekarang)
}}
|allegiance = {{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg|size=23px}} [[Keamiran Islam Afganistan]]
|clans =Kebanyakan [[Pashtun]];<ref name="Giustozzi">{{cite book|last=Giustozzi|first=Antonio|title=Decoding the new Taliban: insights from the Afghan field|year=2009|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-70112-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/decodingnewtalib00anto/page/249 249]|url=https://archive.org/details/decodingnewtalib00anto/page/249}}</ref><ref name="Clements0">{{cite book|last=Clements|first=Frank A.|title=Conflict in Afghanistan: An Encyclopedia (Roots of Modern Conflict)|url=https://archive.org/details/conflictafghanis00clem_866|year=2003|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-402-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/conflictafghanis00clem_866/page/n257 219]}}</ref> beberapaminoritas [[TajiksTajik]], di[[Turkmen]], dan [[Uzbek]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bezhan|first=Frud|title=Ethnic Minorities Are Fueling the Taliban's Expansion in UtaraAfghanistan|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/15/ethnic-minorities-are-fueling-the-talibans-expansion-in-afghanistan/|access-date=2021-08-26|website=Foreign AfganistanPolicy|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/the-non-pashtun-taleban-of-the-north-a-case-study-from-badakhshan/|title=The Non-Pashtun Taleban of the North: A case study from Badakhshan – Afghanistan Analysts Network|website=www.Afghanistan-Analysts.org|date=3 January 2017|access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref>
|ideology = * [[Islamisme]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Islamism and Totalitarianism: Similarities and Differences|first=Michael|last=Whine|date=1 September 2001|journal=Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions|volume=2|issue=2|pages=54–72|doi=10.1080/714005450|s2cid=146940668}}</ref>
|ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap|
* [[Deobandi]]<ref name="digitaljournal.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/347009|title=Did you know that there are two different Taliban groups?|date=1 April 2013|website=www.digitaljournal.com}}</ref><ref>Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban U. S. Navy Chaplain Corps, 15 October 2001</ref><ref name="Maley2-14">{{cite book|last=Maley|first=William|title=Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban|year=2001|publisher=C Hurst & Co|isbn=978-1-85065-360-8|page=14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0895|title=Taliban - Oxford Islamic Studies Online|website=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com}}</ref>
|[[Jihadisme]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bowman, Bradley and McMaster, H.R. |date=15 August 2021 |title=In Afghanistan, the Tragic Toll of Washington Delusion |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/afghanistan-withdrawal-biden-human-rights-terrorist-jihadist-islamist-taliban-kabul-11629044191 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |quote=The Taliban militants display the jihadist group's flag after taking control of Jalalabad, Afghanistan, Aug. 15. |accessdate=17 August 2021}}</ref>
* [[Pashtunwali]]<ref name="digitaljournal.com"/><ref>Rashid, ''Taliban'' (2000)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://csis.org/blog/why-are-customary-pashtun-laws-and-ethics-causes-concern |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109110349/http://csis.org/blog/why-are-customary-pashtun-laws-and-ethics-causes-concern |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 November 2010 |title=Why are Customary Pashtun Laws and Ethics Causes for Concern? &#124; Center for Strategic and International Studies |publisher=Csis.org |date=19 October 2010 |access-date=18 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cf2r.org/fr/tribune-libre/understanding-taliban-through-the-prism-of-pashtunwali-code.php |title=Understanding taliban through the prism of Pashtunwali code |publisher=CF2R |date=30 November 2013 |access-date=18 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810020924/http://www.cf2r.org/fr/tribune-libre/understanding-taliban-through-the-prism-of-pashtunwali-code.php |archive-date=10 August 2014 }}</ref>
|[[Fundamentalisme Islam]]<ref name="auto1">{{Cite journal |last=Whine |first=Michael |date=1 September 2001 |title=Islamism and Totalitarianism: Similarities and Differences |journal=Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=54–72 |doi=10.1080/714005450 |s2cid=146940668}}</ref><ref name="auto2">Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban U. S. Navy Chaplain Corps, 15 October 2001</ref><ref name="Maley2-14">{{Cite book |last=Maley |first=William |title=Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban |url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismre0000unse_m8z6 |publisher=C Hurst & Co |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-85065-360-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismre0000unse_m8z6/page/14 14]}}</ref><ref name="Turbulent">{{Cite book |last=Ogata |first=Sadako N. |url=https://archive.org/details/turbulentdecade00sada |title=The Turbulent Decade: Confronting the Refugee Crises of the 1990s |date=2005 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=978-0-393-05773-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/turbulentdecade00sada/page/286 286] |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Melissa">{{Cite news |last=McNamara |first=Melissa |date=31 August 2006 |title=The Taliban In Afghanistan |publisher=CBS |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-taliban-in-afghanistan/ |access-date=5 June 2016}}</ref>
|active = 1994–1996 ([[milisi]])<br />1996–2001 (pemerintahan pertama)<br />2002–2021 ([[pemberontak]]) <br />2021–sekarang (pemerintahan kedua)
|[[Islamisme]] [[Deobandi]]<ref name="digitaljournal.com">{{Cite web |date=1 April 2013 |title=Did you know that there are two different Taliban groups? |url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/347009 |website=digitaljournal.com}}</ref><ref name="auto2" /><ref name="Maley2-14" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban - Oxford Islamic Studies Online |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0895 |website=oxfordislamicstudies.com}}</ref>
|headquarters =[[Kandahar]], [[Afganistan]] (1994–2001)
|[[Nasionalisme agama]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Afghan Taliban |url=http://www.nctc.gov/site/groups/taliban.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509205345/http://www.nctc.gov/site/groups/taliban.html |archive-date=9 May 2015 |access-date=7 April 2015 |website=National Counterterrorism Center}}</ref>
|area = [[Afganistan]] dan [[Pakistan]]<ref name="PakistanTaliban">Pajhwok Afghan News, [http://www.pajhwok.com/viewstory.asp?lng=eng&id=36208 Taliban have opened office in Waziristan (Pakistan)].</ref>
* |[[Pashtunwali]]<ref name="digitaljournal.com" /><ref>Rashid, ''Taliban'' (2000)</ref><ref>{{citeCite web |date=19 October 2010 |title=Why are Customary Pashtun Laws and Ethics Causes for Concern? &#124; Center for Strategic and International Studies |url=http://csis.org/blog/why-are-customary-pashtun-laws-and-ethics-causes-concern |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109110349/http://csis.org/blog/why-are-customary-pashtun-laws-and-ethics-causes-concern |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 November 2010 |titleaccess-date=Why18 areAugust Customary Pashtun Laws and Ethics Causes for Concern? &#124; Center for Strategic and International Studies2014 |publisher=Csis.org |date=19 October 2010 |access-date=18 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{citeCite web |date=30 November 2013 |title=Understanding taliban through the prism of Pashtunwali code |url=http://www.cf2r.org/fr/tribune-libre/understanding-taliban-through-the-prism-of-pashtunwali-code.php |title=Understanding taliban through the prism of Pashtunwali code |publisher=CF2R |date=30 November 2013 |access-date=18 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810020924/http://www.cf2r.org/fr/tribune-libre/understanding-taliban-through-the-prism-of-pashtunwali-code.php |archive-date=10 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |publisher=CF2R}}</ref>}}
|strength = 45,000 (2001 est.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm|title=Taliban and the Northern Alliance|publisher=Usgovinfo.about.com|date=|accessdate=2009-11-26}}</ref><br />11,000 (2008 est.)<ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/mcclatchy/20080910/wl_mcclatchy/3041862 9/11 seven years later: U.S. 'safe,' South Asia in turmoil] ''"There are now some 62,000 foreign soldiers in Afganistan , including 34,000 U.S. troops, and some 150,000 Afghan security forces. '''They face an estimated 7,000 to 11,000 insurgents''', according to U.S. commanders."''</ref><br /> 36,000 (2010 est.)<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/afghanistan/article7047321.ece|location=London|work=The Times|title=MajorGeneral Richard Barrons puts Taleban fighter numbers at 36000|date=2010-03-03|first1=Fiona|last1=Hamilton|first2=Sam|last2=Coates|first3=Michael|last3=Savage}}</ref>
|area = [[Afganistan]] dan [[Pakistan]]<ref name="PakistanTaliban">Pajhwok Afghan News, [http://www.pajhwok.com/viewstory.asp?lng=eng&id=36208 Taliban have opened office in Waziristan (Pakistan)].</ref>
|size = Kekuatan inti -{{plainlist|
* 45.000 (perk. 2001)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taliban and the Northern Alliance |url=http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm |access-date=26 November 2009 |website=US Gov Info |publisher=About.com |archive-date=2016-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101184625/http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* 11.000 (perk. 2008)<ref>[http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2008/09/10/52244/911-seven-years-later-us-safe.html 9/11 seven years later: US 'safe,' South Asia in turmoil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110234907/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2008/09/10/52244/911-seven-years-later-us-safe.html |date=10 January 2015 }}. Retrieved 24 August 2010.</ref>
* 36.000 (perk. 2010)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hamilton |first=Fiona |last2=Coates |first2=Sam |last3=Savage |first3=Michael |date=3 March 2010 |title=MajorGeneral Richard Barrons puts Taleban fighter numbers at 36000 |work=The Times |location=London |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/afghanistan/article7047321.ece}}</ref>
* 60.000 (perk. 2014)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Despite Massive Taliban Death Toll No Drop in Insurgency |url=http://www.voanews.com/content/despite-massive-taliban-death-toll-no-drop-in-insurgency/1866009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703023519/http://www.voanews.com/content/despite-massive-taliban-death-toll-no-drop-in-insurgency/1866009.html |archive-date=3 July 2016 |access-date=17 July 2014 |publisher=Voice of America }}</ref>
* 60.000<ref name="2021number">{{Cite web |date=14 January 2021 |title=Afghanistan's Security Forces Versus the Taliban: A Net Assessment |url=https://ctc.usma.edu/afghanistans-security-forces-versus-the-taliban-a-net-assessment/ |access-date=14 August 2021 |website=Combating Terrorism Center at West Point |archive-date=2021-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815115043/https://ctc.usma.edu/afghanistans-security-forces-versus-the-taliban-a-net-assessment/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> (perk. 2017 tidak termasuk 90.000 milisi lokal dan 50.000 elemen pendukung)
* 75.000 (perk. 2021)<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2021 |title=Remarks by President Biden on the Drawdown of U.S. Forces in Afghanistan |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/08/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-drawdown-of-u-s-forces-in-afghanistan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210708214308/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/07/08/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-drawdown-of-u-s-forces-in-afghanistan/ |archive-date=8 July 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=The White House}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2021 |title=Taliban Sweep in Afghanistan Follows Years of U.S. Miscalculations |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/14/us/politics/afghanistan-biden.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817131719/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/14/us/politics/afghanistan-biden.html |archive-date=17 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2021 |title=Taliban's Afghanistan takeover raises big questions for U.S. security chiefs |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taliban-s-afghanistan-takeover-raises-big-questions-u-s-security-n1276911 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901043600/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taliban-s-afghanistan-takeover-raises-big-questions-u-s-security-n1276911 |archive-date=2021-09-01 |access-date=17 August 2021 |publisher=NBC News |dead-url=yes }}</ref>}}
|active = 1994–1996 ([[milisi]])<br />1996–2001 ([[Keamiran Islam Afganistan (1996–2001)|pemerintahan pertama]])<br />2002–2021 ([[pemberontak]]) <br />2021–sekarang (pemerintahan kedua)
|headquarters =[[Kandahar]], [[Afganistan]] (1994–2001)<br>[[Kabul]], Afganistan (2021-sekarang)
|strength = 45,000 (2001 est.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm|title=Taliban and the Northern Alliance|publisher=Usgovinfo.about.com|date=|accessdate=2009-11-26|archive-date=2016-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101184625/http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa092801a.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br />11,000 (2008 est.)<ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/mcclatchy/20080910/wl_mcclatchy/3041862 9/11 seven years later: U.S. 'safe,' South Asia in turmoil] ''"There are now some 62,000 foreign soldiers in Afganistan , including 34,000 U.S. troops, and some 150,000 Afghan security forces. '''They face an estimated 7,000 to 11,000 insurgents''', according to U.S. commanders."''</ref><br /> 36,000 (2010 est.)<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/afghanistan/article7047321.ece|location=London|work=The Times|title=MajorGeneral Richard Barrons puts Taleban fighter numbers at 36000|date=2010-03-03|first1=Fiona|last1=Hamilton|first2=Sam|last2=Coates|first3=Michael|last3=Savage}}</ref>
|previous = Murid dari [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam]]
|allies ='''Negara Sekutu''' {{plainlist|
Baris 33 ⟶ 47:
}}
'''Sekutu Bukan Negara''' {{plainlist|
* [[File:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|25px]] [[Jaringan Haqqani]]
* [[File:Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|25px]] [[al-Qaeda]]
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Lashkar-e-Taiba.svg}} [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]<ref name="Sky" />
*{{flagicon image|Jaishi-e-Mohammed.svg}} [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]]<ref name="Sky" />
Baris 45 ⟶ 57:
|international = [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Pakistan]], [[United Arab Emirates]] (sebelum [[September 11 attacks|11 September attacks]])
|opponents = '''Negara Lawan'''{{plainlist|
* {{flagicon|AfghanistanAfganistan|2013}} [[Republik Islam Afganistan]] <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-25922743 |title=Rare look at Afghan National Army's Taliban fight |work=BBC News |access-date=18 August 2014}}</ref>
* {{flag|India}} <ref>{{cite web|url=https://carnegieindia.org/2020/06/02/dealing-with-taliban-india-s-strategy-in-afghanistan-after-u.s.-withdrawal-pub-81951|title=Dealing With the Taliban: India’s Strategy in Afghanistan After U.S. Withdrawal|publisher=Carnegie India |access-date=2 June 2020}}</ref>
* {{flag|Amerika Serikat}}
Baris 52 ⟶ 64:
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the International Security Assistance Force.svg}} [[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]]}}
'''Lawan Bukan Negara''' {{plainlist|
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1992–2001).svg|25px}} [[Aliansi Utara]]
* {{flagicon image|Northern Alliance flag flown in Panjshir 2021.svg}} [[Perlawanan Kedua|Perlawanan Panjshir]]
* {{flagdeco|ISIL}} [[Negara Islam Irak dan Syam|NIIS]] - Propinsi Khorasan<ref>{{cite web|title=ISIS reportedly moves into Afghanistan, is even fighting Taliban |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2025445123_apxafghanistanislamicstate.html |date=12 January 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213191753/http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2025445123_apxafghanistanislamicstate.html |archive-date=13 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =ISIS, Taliban announced Jihad against each other| url =http://www.khaama.com/isis-taliban-announced-jihad-against-each-other-3206| website = Khaama Press| date = 20 April 2015| access-date = 23 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =Taliban leader: allegiance to ISIS 'haram'| url =http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/130420151| website = Rudaw| date = 13 April 2015| access-date = 23 April 2015 }}</ref>
* [[File:AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg|25px]] [[Gerakan Islam Uzbekistan]] <small>(faksi pendukung [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIL]])</small><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.militarytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2019/05/05/taliban-say-gap-narrowing-in-talks-with-us-over-afghanistan-troop-withdrawal/|title=Taliban say gap narrowing in talks with US over Afghanistan troop withdrawal|date=5 May 2019|work=Military Times}}</ref>
Baris 57 ⟶ 71:
* {{flagicon image||25px}} [[Gerakan Islam Nasional Afganistan|Junbish-i-Milli]]<ref name="theguardian.com"/>
* {{flagicon image|flag of Hezbe Wahdat.svg|25px}} [[Hezbe Wahdat]]<ref>Ibrahimi, Niamatullah. 2009. "Divide and Rule: State Penetration in Hazarajat (Afghanistan) from Monarchy to the Taliban", ''Crisis States Working Papers'' (Series 2) 42, London: Crisis States Research Centre, LSE</ref>}}
|battles =
* [[Perang Saudara Afganistan (1992–1996)]]
* [[Perang Saudara Tajikistan]] (1992–1997)<ref name="google">{{Cite book |last=Jonson |first=Lena |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLi9oJMT5B8C&pg=PA96 |title=Tajikistan in the New Central Asia |date=25 August 2006 |isbn=9781845112936 |access-date=17 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116011515/https://books.google.com/books?id=hLi9oJMT5B8C&pg=PA96 |archive-date=16 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Perang Saudara Afganistan (1996–2001)]]
* [[Perang di Afganistan (2001–2021)]]
** [[Konflik Taliban-ISIS|Konflik Taliban-ISIS di Afghanistan]]
** [[Serangan Taliban 2021]]
| designated_as_terror_group_by = <br />{{flag|Kanada}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=3 February 2021|title=Currently listed entities|url=https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-en.aspx|access-date=3 February 2021|website=Public Safety Canada|publication-date=21 June 2019}}</ref><br />{{flag|Kazakhstan}}<ref name="kz-list">{{cite web|url=https://egov.kz/cms/en/articles/religion/zaprewennye_ordanizacii|title=The list of prohibited foreign organizations in Kazakhstan|publisher=Electronic government of the Republic of Kazakhstan|date=28 November 2019|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref><br />{{flag|Kirgizstan}}<ref name="kg-list">{{cite web|url=https://24.kg/english/48835_List_of_terrorist_and_extremist_organizations_banned_in_Kyrgyzstan_/|title=List of terrorist and extremist organizations banned in Kyrgyzstan|website=24.kg|access-date=3 March 2020|date=5 April 2017}}</ref><br />{{flag|Tajikistan}}<ref name="tj-list">{{cite web|url=https://nbt.tj/en/financial_monitoring/perechni.php|title=The list of terrorists and extremists|publisher=National Bank of Tajikistan|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref><br />{{flag|Turki}}<br />{{flag|Uni Emirat Arab}}<ref name="uae-2017-18">{{cite web|url=http://wam.ae/en/details/1395302618259|title=43 new designations specifically address threats posed by Qatar linked and based Al Qaida Terrorism Support Networks|publisher=Emirates News Agency|date=9 June 2017|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="uae-2017-28">{{cite web|url=http://wam.ae/en/details/1395302624655|title=UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Bahrain declare details of new terror designations|publisher=Emirates News Agency|date=25 July 2017|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref>
}}
'''Gerakan Taliban''', sering disebut hanya sebagai '''Taliban''' atau '''Taleban''' ([[Bahasa Persia Afganistan|bahasa Persia]] dan [[Bahasa Pashtun|Pashtun]] طالبان;<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-06-23|title=طالب کی است و چه می‌خواهد؟|url=https://8am.af/who-is-talib-wants/|website=هشت صبح|language=fa-IR|access-date=2021-08-21|archive-date=2021-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821093906/https://8am.af/who-is-talib-wants/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dari bentuk jamak [[bahasa Arab]]: طالب ṭālib, "pencari" "murid"), para anggotanya menyebut organisasinya secara resmi sebagai '''[[Keamiran Islam Afganistan]]''',<ref>{{cite web|author = Directorate of Intelligence|title = CIA – The World Factbook – Afghanistan| format = mirror|year = 2001|url = http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2001/geos/af.html#Govt|access-date = 7 March 2008|quote = note – the self-proclaimed Taliban government refers to the country as Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|archive-date = 2012-10-19|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121019164900/http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2001/geos/af.html#Govt|dead-url = yes}}</ref> adalah gerakan nasionalis [[Islam]] [[Deobandi]] pendukung [[Pashtun]] yang secara efektif menguasai hampir seluruh wilayah [[Afganistan]] sejak [[1996]] sampai [[2001]] serta kembali menguasai Afganistan pada 2021. Saat ini, Taliban adalah satu dari dua entitas politik yang sama-sama mengklaim sebagai pemerintah yang sah atas Afganistan di samping pihak [[Republik. BeberapaIslam negara dan organisasi internasional mencap gerakan ini sebagai organisasi teroris.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=Afganistan|date=|title=Currently listed entities|url=https://wwwRepublik]].publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-en.aspx|website=Public Safety Canada|access-date=20 Agustus 2021}}</ref>
 
Kelompok Taliban dibentuk pada September 1994, mendapat dukungan dari [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Pakistan]].<ref name="abad 20">Susilo, Taufik Adi. Ensiklopedia Pengetahuan Dunia Abad 20. Javalitera. Yogyakarta 2010. Halaman 391</ref> Dewan Keamanan PBB mengecam tindakan kelompok ini karena kejahatannya terhadap warga negara [[Iran]] dan [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="abad 20" /> Taliban melakukan berbagai aksi pelanggaran [[HAM]] di [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="abad 20" />
'''Gerakan Taliban''', sering disebut hanya sebagai '''Taliban''' atau '''Taleban''' ([[Bahasa Persia Afganistan|bahasa Persia]] dan [[Bahasa Pashtun|Pashtun]] طالبان;<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-06-23|title=طالب کی است و چه می‌خواهد؟|url=https://8am.af/who-is-talib-wants/|website=هشت صبح|language=fa-IR|access-date=2021-08-21}}</ref> dari bentuk jamak [[bahasa Arab]]: طالب ṭālib, "murid"), para anggotanya menyebut organisasinya secara resmi sebagai '''[[Keamiran Islam Afganistan]]''',<ref>{{cite web|author = Directorate of Intelligence|title = CIA – The World Factbook – Afghanistan| format= mirror|year= 2001|url = http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2001/geos/af.html#Govt|access-date = 7 March 2008|quote = note – the self-proclaimed Taliban government refers to the country as Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}}</ref> adalah gerakan nasionalis [[Islam]] [[Deobandi]] pendukung [[Pashtun]] yang secara efektif menguasai hampir seluruh wilayah [[Afganistan]] sejak [[1996]] sampai [[2001]] serta kembali menguasai Afganistan pada 2021. Saat ini, Taliban adalah satu dari dua entitas politik yang sama-sama mengklaim sebagai pemerintah yang sah atas Afganistan di samping pihak Republik. Beberapa negara dan organisasi internasional mencap gerakan ini sebagai organisasi teroris.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Currently listed entities|url=https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-en.aspx|website=Public Safety Canada|access-date=20 Agustus 2021}}</ref>
 
Kelompok Taliban dibentuk pada September 1994, mendapat dukungan dari [[Amerika Serikat]] dan [[Pakistan]].<ref name="abad 20">Susilo, Taufik Adi. Ensiklopedia Pengetahuan Dunia Abad 20. Javalitera. Yogyakarta 2010. Halaman 391</ref> Dewan Keamanan PBB mengecam tindakan kelompok ini karena kejahatannya terhadap warga negara [[Iran]] dan [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="abad 20" /> Taliban melakukan berbagai aksi pelanggaran [[HAM]] di [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="abad 20" />
 
Kelompok ini mendapat pengakuan diplomatik hanya dari tiga negara: [[Uni Emirat Arab]], [[Pakistan]], dan [[Arab Saudi]], serta pemerintah [[Republik Chechnya Ichkeria]] yang tidak diakui dunia.
Anggota-anggota paling berpengaruh dari Taliban, termasuk Mullah [[Mohammed Omar]], pemimpin gerakan ini, adalah [[mullah]] desa (pelajar yunior agama Islam), yang sebagian besar belajar di [[madrasah]] di [[Pakistan]]. Gerakan ini terutama berasal dari Pashtun di Afganistan, serta [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Provinsi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] di Pakistan, dan juga mencakup banyak sukarelawan dari [[Bangsa Arab|Arab]], [[Eurasia]], serta [[Asia Selatan]].
 
== Etimologi ==
Kata Taliban merupakan bahasa [[Pashto]], {{lang|ps|طالبان}} ({{transliteration|ps|ṭālibān}}), yang berarti 'para murid', bentuk jamak dari ''ṭālib''. Kata ini merupakan kata serapan dari bahasa [[Bahasa Arab|Arab]] {{lang|ar|طالب}} ({{transliteration|ar|ṭālib}}), menggunakan bentuk plural dari bahasa pashto dengan akhiran ''-ān'' {{lang|ps|ان}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of TALIBAN|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Taliban|website=merriam-webster.com|access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> (dalam bahasa Arab {{lang|ar|طالبان}} ({{transliteration|ar|ṭālibān}}) tidaklah berarti 'para murid' melainkan 'dua murid', karena dalam bahasa arab akhiran an merupakan bentuk ganda. Sedangkan bentuk jamaknya yang sebenarnya dalam bahasa arab yakni {{lang|ar|طلاب}} ({{transliteration|ar|ṭullāb}}) —yang mana hal ini menyebabkan kebingungan bagi penutur bahasa Arab.) Sejak diserap pula ke dalam bahasa Inggris, kata Taliban, selain menjadi kata benda jamak yang merujuk pada kelompok, juga telah digunakan sebagai kata benda tunggal yang merujuk pada individu. Misalnya, John Walker Lindh telah disebut sebagai "seorang Taliban Amerika", bukan "seorang Talib Amerika" di media berbahasa Inggris. Hal ini berbeda di Afghanistan, di mana seorang member atau pendukung kelompok ini disebut sebagai Talib (طالب) atau jamaknya Talib-ha (طالبها). Dalam definisi lain, Taliban berarti 'pencari'.<ref>{{lexico|Taliban}}</ref>
 
== Penggulingan 2001 ==
Baris 71 ⟶ 94:
== Serangan 2021 ==
{{main|Serangan Taliban 2021}}
Pada Mei 2021, pasukan Amerika Serikat dan negara-negara sekutunya mulai menarik diri dari Afganistan secara bertahap. Karena peristiwa penarikan pasukan tersebut, Taliban kembali memberontak terhadap pemerintah Afganistan. Pemberontakan ini mengakibatkan ratusan hingga ribuan penduduk Afganistan harus mengungsi ke ibu kota Kabul. Beberapa diantaranyadi antaranya ada yang melarikan diri ke luar negeri khususnya ke Iran, Turki dan negara-negara Eropa.
 
Terkait dengan pemberontakan tersebut, Presiden Joe Biden kembali mengerahkan sekitar 3.000 personel militer AS untuk bekerja sama dengan militer Afganistan dalam melawan Taliban. Pasukan cadangan juga disiagakan di negara-negara terdekat seperti Kuwait, Arab Saudi dan Qatar.
 
Per 13 Agustus 2021, Taliban telah menguasai sepuluh wilayah Afganistan dalam kurun waktu enam hari. Kota-kotaKota utama seperti Kandahar, Herat dan Jalalabad telah jatuh ke tangan Taliban.
 
Pada 15 Agustus 2021, pihak Taliban telah [[Kejatuhan Kabul (2021)|mengepung wilayah Kabul]] dan bernegosiasi dengan Pemerintah Afganistan terkait penyerahan kekuasaan secara damai. Akibat pengepungan tersebut, Presiden [[Ashraf Ghani]] dan beberapa diplomat AS di Afganistan segera dievakuasi dan meninggalkan Afganistan.
Baris 96 ⟶ 119:
* [http://www.beautifulislam.com/audio/misc/ram/npr-03212001.ram Afghani Roving Ambassador on NPR's Talk of the Nation March 21, 2001, about women's treatment, statue destruction and other "lies"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822102103/http://www.beautifulislam.com/audio/misc/ram/npr-03212001.ram |date=2006-08-22 }}
* [http://www.beautifulislam.com/taliban/afghani_embassador_usc.htm Afghani Ambassador Speech at USC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060308103320/http://www.beautifulislam.com/taliban/afghani_embassador_usc.htm |date=2006-03-08 }}
* [http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2002/issue1/jv6n1a1.html Who is responsible for the Taliban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907000036/http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2002/issue1/jv6n1a1.html |date=2006-09-07 }}
* [http://www.robertscheer.com/1_natcolumn/01_columns/052201.htm "Bush's Faustian Deal with the Taliban"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907162919/http://www.robertscheer.com/1_natcolumn/01_columns/052201.htm |date=2006-09-07 }}, oleh Robert Scheer, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', 22 Mei 2001
 
[[Kategori:Taliban| ]]
[[Kategori:AfganistanOrganisasi Deobandi]]
[[Kategori:OrganisasiPartai Islam]]
[[Kategori:Partai politik di Afganistan]]
[[Kategori:Partai politik yang didirikan tahun 1994]]
[[Kategori:Anti-Syiah]]