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[[Berkas:OSI-DARPA-TCP.png|jmpl|ka|200px|Hubungan antara ''[[OSI Reference Model]], [[DARPA Reference Model]]'' dan ''stack protocol'' [[TCP/IP]].]]
'''Model referensi jaringan terbuka OSI''' atau '''''OSI Reference Model for open networking''''' adalah sebuah model arsitektural jaringan yang dikembangkan oleh badan [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO) di [[Eropa]] pada tahun [[1977]]. OSI sendiri merupakan singkatan dari '''''Open System Interconnection'''''. Model ini disebut juga dengan model "'''Model tujuh lapis OSI'''" (''OSI seven layer model'').▼
▲'''Model
Sebelum munculnya model referensi OSI, sistem jaringan komputer sangat tergantung kepada pemasok (''vendor''). OSI berupaya membentuk standar umum jaringan komputer untuk menunjang interoperabilitas antar pemasok yang berbeda. Dalam suatu jaringan yang besar biasanya terdapat banyak [[protokol jaringan]] yang berbeda. Tidak adanya suatu protokol yang sama, membuat banyak perangkat tidak bisa saling berkomunikasi.▼
▲Sebelum munculnya model referensi OSI, sistem
Model referensi ini pada awalnya ditujukan sebagai basis untuk mengembangkan [[protokol jaringan|protokol-protokol jaringan]], meski pada kenyataannya inisiatif ini mengalami kegagalan. Kegagalan itu disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor berikut:
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{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"| [[Layer Cake|
! rowspan="2" | protokol Model [[Open Systems Interconnection|OSI]]
!rowspan="2"| protokol [[Internet Protocol Suite|TCP/IP
!rowspan="2"| [[Signaling System 7]]<ref>[http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Q.1400/en/ ITU-T Recommendation Q.1400 (03/1993)], ''Architecture framework for the development of signaling dan OA&M protocols using OSI concepts'', pp 4, 7.</ref>
!rowspan="2"| [[AppleTalk]]
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|-
! #
!
|-
| 7
| ''Application''
| [[FTAM]], [[X.400]], [[X.500]], [[Directory Access Protocol|DAP]], [[Remote Operations Service Element protocol|ROSE]], [[RTSE]], [[ACSE]],<ref>ITU Rec. X.227 (ISO 8650), X.217 (ISO 8649).
</ref> [[Common management information protocol|CMIP]]<ref>X.700 series of recommendations from the ITU-T (in particular X.711), and ISO 9596.</ref>
| [[Network News Transfer Protocol|NNTP]], [[Session Initiation Protocol|SIP]], [[Simple Sensor Interface protocol|SSI]], [[Domain Name System|DNS]], [[File transfer protocol|FTP]], [[Gopher (protocol)|Gopher]], [[HTTP]], [[Network File System (protocol)|NFS]], [[Network Time Protocol|NTP]], [[Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol|DHCP]], [[Short Message Peer-to-Peer Protocol|SMPP]], [[Simple Mail Transfer Protocol|SMTP]], [[Simple network management protocol|SNMP]], [[Telnet]], [[Routing Information Protocol|RIP]], [[Border Gateway Protocol|BGP]]
| [[INAP]], [[Mobile Application Part|MAP]], [[Transaction Capabilities Application Part|TCAP]], [[ISDN User Part|ISUP]], [[Telephone User Part|TUP]]
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|-
| 6
| ''Presentation''
| ISO/IEC 8823, X.226, ISO/IEC 9576-1, X.236
| [[MIME]], [[Secure Sockets Layer|SSL]], [[Transport Layer Security|TLS]], [[External Data Representation|XDR]]
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|-
| 5
| ''Session''
| ISO/IEC 8327, X.225, ISO/IEC 9548-1, X.235
| Sockets. Session establishment in [[Transmission Control Protocol|TCP]], [[Real-time Transport Protocol|RTP]]
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|-
| 4
| ''Transport''
| ISO/IEC 8073, TP0, TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4 (X.224), ISO/IEC 8602, X.234
| [[Transmission Control Protocol|TCP]], [[User Datagram Protocol|UDP]], [[Stream Control Transmission Protocol|SCTP]], [[Datagram Congestion Control Protocol|DCCP]]
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|-
| 3
| ''Network''
| ISO/IEC 8208, [[X.25]] ([[Packet-LaISO]]/IEC 8878, [[CONS|X.223]], ISO/IEC 8473-1, [[CLNS|CLNP]] X.233.
| [[Internet Protocol|IP]], [[IPsec]], [[Internet Control Message Protocol|ICMP]], [[Internet Group Management Protocol|IGMP]], [[Open Shortest Path First|OSPF]]
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|-
| 2
| ''Data
| ISO/IEC 7666, [[X.25]] ([[LAPB]]), [[Token Bus]], X.222, ISO/IEC 8802-2 [[IEEE 802.2|LLC]] Type 1 and 2<ref name=Cisco>[http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/internetworking/technology/handbook/Intro-to-Internet.html#wp1020669 CISCO Cisco Systems, Inc. Internetworking Technology Handbook OSI Model Physical layer.]</ref>
| [[Point-to-Point Protocol|PPP]], [[SBTV]] [[SLIP]], [[PPTP]]
| [[Message Transfer Part|MTP]], [[Message Transfer Part|Q.710]]
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| [[IEEE 802.3]] framing, [[Ethernet II framing]]
| [[Synchronous Data Link Control|SDLC]]
| [[PDCP|Packet Data Convergence Protocol]] (PDCP),<ref name=TS36300>[http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36300.htm 3GPP TS 36.300: E-UTRA and E-UTRAN Overall Description, Stage 2, Release 11.]</ref> [[Logical Link Control|LLC]] (Logical Link Control), [[Media Access Control|MAC]] (Media Access Control)
| [[Ethernet|802.3 (Ethernet)]], [[IEEE 802.11|802.11a/b/g/n MAC/LLC]], [[IEEE 802.1Q|802.1Q (VLAN)]], [[Asynchronous Transfer Mode|ATM]], [[Hopling Discovery Protocol|HDP]], [[FDDI]], [[Fibre Channel]], [[Frame Relay]], [[HDLC]], [[Cisco Inter-Switch Link|ISL]], [[Point-to-Point Protocol|PPP]], [[Q.921]], [[Token Ring]], [[Cisco Discovery Protocol|CDP]], [[G.hn|ITU-T G.hn DLL]] <br>[[Cyclic redundancy check|CRC]], [[Bit stuffing]], [[Automatic repeat-request|ARQ]], [[DOCSIS|Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS)]], [[Link aggregation#Aggregation Modes in Linux .28Bonding Modes.29 .5B6.5D|interface bonding]]
|-
| 1
| ''Physical''
| [[X.25]] ([[X.21bis]], [[EIA/TIA-232]], [[EIA/TIA-449]], [[EIA-530]], [[G.703]])<ref name=Cisco/>
|
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* {{en}} [http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/s020269_ISO_IEC_7498-1_1994(E).zip ISO standard 7498-1:1994]
* {{en}} [http://www.cybertelecom.org/broadband/layers.htm Cybertelecom::Layered Model of Regulation]
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[[Kategori:Arsitektur jaringan]]
[[Kategori:Standar ISO]]
[[Kategori:Protokol OSI]]
▲{{network-stub}}
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