Demokrasi Islam: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Demokrasi Islam''' adalah demokrasi ideologi politik yang berusaha menerapkan prinsip-prinsip [[Islam]] ke dalam [[kebijakan publik]] dalam kerangka [[demokrasi]]. Teori politik Islam menyebutkan tiga ciri dasar demokrasi Islam: pemimpin harus dipilih oleh rakyat, tunduk pada [[syariah]], dan berkomitmen untuk mempraktekkan "syura", sebuah bentuk konsultasi khusus yang dilakukan oleh [[Nabi Muhammad SAW]] yang dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai hadits dengan komunitas mereka.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Najib |last=Ghadbian |date=July 6, 2003 |title=Democracy or Self-Interest? |url=http://hir.harvard.edu/chinademocracy-or-self-interest/ |journal=Harvard International Review |accessdate=2011-10-19 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Negara-negara yang memenuhi tiga ciri dasar tersebut antara lain [[AfghanistanIran]], dan [[IranMalaysia]], dan. [[MalaysiaAfghanistan]]., [[Arab Saudi]], [[Qatar]], dan [[Uni Emirat Arab]] adalah contoh negara yang ''tidak'' menganut prinsip demokrasi Islam meski negara-negara Islam, karena negara-negara ini tidak mengadakan pemilihan. Pelaksanaan demokrasi Islam berbeda di negara-negara mayoritas muslim, karena interpretasi syariah berbeda-beda dari satu negara ke negara lain, dan penggunaan syariah lebih komprehensif di negara-negara di mana syariah menjadi dasar bagi undang-undang negara.

Konsep liberalisme dan partisipasi demokratis sudah ada di [[Zaman Kejayaan Islam|dunia Islam abad pertengahan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Weeramantry |first=Christopher G. |date=1997 |title=Justice Without Frontiers: Furthering Human Rights |publisher=Kluwer Law International |location=The Hague |pages=134–5 |isbn=90-411-0241-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Sullivan |first=Antony T. |date=January–February 1997 |title=Istanbul Conference Traces Islamic Roots of Western Law, Society |url=http://www.wrmea.org/1997-january-february/istanbul-conference-traces-islamic-roots-of-western-law-society.html |journal=[[Washington Report on Middle East Affairs]] |page=36 |accessdate=2008-02-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Goodman |first=Lenn Evan |date=2003 |title=Islamic Humanism |url=https://archive.org/details/islamichumanism0000good |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamichumanism0000good/page/155 155] |isbn=0-19-513580-6}}</ref> [[Kekhalifahan Rasyidin]] dianggap oleh para pendukungnya sebagai contoh awal sebuah negara demokratis dan diklaim bahwa perkembangan demokrasi di dunia Islam akhirnya terhenti setelah [[Hubungan Sunni-Syiah|perpecahan Sunni–Syiah]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=al-Hibri |first=Azizah Y. |title=Islamic and American Constitutional Law: Borrowing Possibilities or a History of Borrowing |journal=[[University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law]] |volume=1 |issue=3 |year=1998–1999 |pages=492–527 [507–25]}}</ref>

{{Reflist|2}}

* [http://globalwebpost.com/farooqm/writings/islamic/democracy.htm Islam and Democracy: Perceptions and Misperceptions]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} by Dr. Mohammad Omar Farooq

* [http://islamicamagazine.com/Issue.aspx?IsCurrent=Yes Democracy and the Muslim World (series of articles on Islam and Democracy from Islamica Magazine)]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

* [http://www.ccd21.org/conferences/wwconf_transript2.htm Preview of the Seoul Conference on The Community of Democracies: Challenges and Threats to Democracy] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130112200145/http://www.ccd21.org/conferences/wwconf_transript2.htm |date=2013-01-12 }}

* Marina Ottoway and Thomas Carothers, '''"Think Again: Middle East Democracy,"'''Foreign Policy (Nov./Dec. 2004). Internet, available online at: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=2705&print=1 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113090226/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=2705&print=1 |date=2009-01-13 }}

* Chris Zambelis, '''"The Strategic Implications of Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Middle East,"''' Parameters, (Autumn 2005). Internet, available online at: http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/05autumn/zambelis.htm{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

* [http://en.nufdi.org/ National Union for Democracy in Iran]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

* [http://www.watsoninstitute.org/bjwa/archive/9.2/Iran/Schmid.pdf Expect the Unexpected: A Religious Democracy in Iran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101055229/http://www.watsoninstitute.org/bjwa/archive/9.2/Iran/Schmid.pdf |date=2007-01-01 }}

* [http://wwwdoi.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/absorg/10.1111/j.1540-5842.2005.752_1.x?journalCode=npqu Minimal Islam Is the Answer for Iran]

* [http://english.ohmynews.com/ArticleView/article_view.asp?no=331207&rel_no=1 Democracy Lacking in Muslim World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225191757/http://english.ohmynews.com/ArticleView/article_view.asp?no=331207&rel_no=1 |date=2007-12-25 }}