Martin Luther King Jr.: Perbedaan antara revisi
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| occupation = {{hlist|[[Pendeta]]|[[Aktivisme|aktivis]]}}
| known_for = [[Gerakan hak sipil]], [[gerakan perdamaian]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Coretta Scott King|Coretta Scott]]|
| children = {{unbulleted list
| [[Yolanda King|Yolanda Denise King]]
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{{Martin Luther King Jr. sidebar}}
'''Martin Luther King Jr.''' (15 Januari 1929 – 4 April 1968) adalah pendeta
King memimpin [[Pemboikotan bus Montgomery|boikot bus Montgomery]] tahun 1955. Pada tahun 1957, ia menjadi presiden pertama [[Southern Christian Leadership Conference]] (SCLC). Di SCLC, ia memimpin [[Gerakan Albany|perjuangan melawan segregasi 1962]] di [[Albany, Georgia]] dan membantu unjuk rasa damai di [[Birmingham, Alabama]], tahun 1963. Ia turut menyelenggarakan [[March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom|March on Washington]] tahun 1963; di sana ia menyampaikan pidato "[[I Have a Dream]]".
Pada tanggal 14 Oktober 1964, King dianugerahi [[Hadiah Nobel Perdamaian]] atas jasanya melawan [[Rasisme di Amerika Serikat|kesenjangan ras]] melalui
Pada tahun 1968, King merencanakan pendudukan rakyat di Washington, D.C., dengan judul [[Poor People's Campaign]], tetapi ia [[Pembunuhan Martin Luther King Jr.|dibunuh]] oleh [[James Earl Ray]] pada tanggal April 4 di [[Memphis, Tennessee]]; [[kerusuhan pembunuhan King|kerusuhan pecah di berbagai kota di Amerika Serikat]]. Ia dianugerahi [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] dan [[Congressional Gold Medal]] secara anumerta. [[Hari Martin Luther King Jr.]] diresmikan sebagai hari libur di berbagai kota dan negara bagian pada tahun 1971, kemudian [[hari libur federal di Amerika Serikat|hari libur federal]] pada tahun 1986. [[Daftar jalan bernama Martin Luther King Jr.|Ratusan jalan]] di Amerika Serikat dan sebuah [[
== Riwayat Hidup ==
King lahir di [[Atlanta, Georgia]] dari Pendeta Martin Luther King, Sr. dan Alberta Williams King. Dia menikah dengan Coretta Scott pada tanggal 18 Juni 1953. Dia lulus dari ''Morehouse College'' dengan gelar Bachelor of Arts (dalam bidang [[Sosiologi]]) pada [[1948]], dan dari ''Seminari Teologi Crozer'' di Chester, [[Pennsylvania]] dengan gelar ''Bachelor of Divinity'' (Sarjana Teologi) pada [[1951]]. Dia meraih gelar [[Ph.D.]]nya dalam [[teologi sistematika]] dari [[Universitas Boston]] pada [[1955]].
King adalah seorang pendeta di [[Gereja Baptis]] Montgomery, Alabama yang berjuang melawan diskriminasi rasial. Pada tahun 1963, King memimpin demonstrasi pemboikotan bus di Birmingham. Pemboikotan itu dilakukannya tanpa menggunakan kekerasan. Ia mengikuti prinsip-prinsip [[Mahatma Gandhi]] yang melakukan perlawanan dengan menghindari kekerasan. Untuk beberapa tahun, ia membuat kesuksesan besar, tetapi secara berangsur-angsur orang-orang kulit hitam muda menjauhinya karena mereka tidak dapat menerima antikekerasannya. Sebaliknya, King tidak pernah berhenti dan meluaskan programnya.<ref name="Letter">Martin Luther King Jr, ''"Letter from Birmingham Jail"'' dalam Andrew Bradstock&Christopher Rowland (eds.), ''Radical Christian Writings: A Reader''. Blackwell, 2002.</ref>
== Karyanya ==
Ia tidak hanya berjuang melawan diskriminasi orang-orang kulit hitam, tetapi juga menentang tanah milik dan [[Perang Vietnam]]. Kebesaran King terutama terletak pada impian tinggi dan gaya spektakulernya sebagai seorang pendeta. Pidatonya dengan judul "[[Saya Memiliki Impian]]" pada pawai berbarisnya ke [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] (28 Agustus 1963) membuatnya semakin terkenal. Ia dipuja dengan banyak gelar terhormat. Pada [[1963]], ia menerima [[Penghargaan Nobel Perdamaian]].
== Pembunuhan ==
{{main|Pembunuhan Martin Luther King Jr.}}
== Karya ==
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=== Sumber ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|authorlink=Ralph Abernathy|last=Abernathy|first=Ralph|title=And the Walls Came Tumbling Down: An Autobiography|url=https://archive.org/details/andwallscametumb00aber|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1989|isbn=0-06-016192-2}}
* {{Cite book|authorlink=Taylor Branch|last=Branch|first=Taylor|title=At Canaan's Edge: America In the King Years, 1965–1968|url=https://archive.org/details/atcanaansedgeame00bran|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2006|isbn=0-684-85712-X}}
* {{cite book| last= Cohen| first= Adam Seth |first2= Elizabeth|last2=Taylor| publisher= Back Bay|year=2000|isbn= 0-316-83489-0|title= Pharaoh: Mayor Richard J. Daley: His Battle for Chicago and the Nation| url= https://archive.org/details/americanpharaohm00adam|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |title=Martin Luther King Jr.: A Life |last=Frady |first=Marshall |authorlink=Marshall Frady |year=2002 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-303648-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Martin_Luther_King_Jr.html?id=dOR4QpEE0g8C |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|authorlink=David Garrow|last=Garrow|first=David J.|title=The FBI and Martin Luther King, Jr|url=https://archive.org/details/fbimartinlutherk0000garr|publisher=Penguin Books|year=1981|isbn=0-14-006486-9}}
* Garrow, David. ''[[Bearing the Cross|Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference]]'' (1989). Pulitzer Prize. {{ISBN|978-0-06-056692-0}}
* "James L. Bevel, The Strategist of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement", a 1984 paper by Randall Kryn, published with a 1988 addendum by Kryn in Prof. [[David Garrow]]'s ''We Shall Overcome, Volume II'' (Carlson Publishing Company, 1989).
* {{cite book| title= The Human Tradition in the Civil Rights Movement| last= Glisson| first=Susan M.| isbn=0-7425-4409-5 | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2006|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|title=Bobby and J. Edger|url=https://archive.org/details/bobbyjedgarhisto00hers|last=Herst|first=Burton|year=2007|publisher=Carroll & Graf|isbn=0-7867-1982-6|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Jackson|first=Thomas F.|title=From Civil Rights to Human Rights: Martin Luther King Jr. and the Struggle for Economic Justice|url=https://archive.org/details/from-civil-rights-to-human-rights--martin-luther-king-jr-and-the-struggle-for-economic-justice-_2007|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-8122-3969-0|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book| title=Autobiography | url=https://archive.org/details/autobiographyofm00king | first=Martin Luther, Jr. | last=King | editor-last=Carson | editor-first=Clayborne | publisher=Warner Books | year=1998| isbn=0-446-52412-3|ref={{harvid|King|1998}}}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jzEqRY71zv0C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false| last=King | first=Martin Luther, Jr. |editor1-last=Carson|editor1-first=Clayborne|editor2-last=Luker|editor2-first=Ralph E.|editor3-last=Russell|editor3-first=Penny A.|editor4-last=Harlan|editor4-first=Louis R.|title=The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr., Volume I: Called to Serve, January 1929–June 1951 | publisher=University of California Press| year=1992| isbn=0-520-07950-7|ref={{harvid|King|1992}}}}
* {{cite book|last= Kotz|first=Nick| isbn=0-618-08825-3|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Books|year=2005|title=Judgment Days: Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Laws that Changed America|url= https://archive.org/details/judgmentdayslynd0000kotz|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book| title =Debating the Civil Rights Movement, 1945–1968 | url =https://archive.org/details/debatingcivilrig2ndelaws | last= Lawson|first=Steven F.|first2=Charles M.|last2=Payne|first3=James T.|last3=Patterson| isbn= 0-7425-5109-1 | publisher =Rowman & Littlefield|year=2006|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book | title= Against the Vietnam War: Writings by Activists| last= Robbins|first= Mary Susannah | isbn=0-7425-5914-9 | publisher= Rowman & Littlefield|year= 2007|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|title=A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr |last= Washington| first= James M. | year=1991 | publisher= HarperCollins|isbn= 0-06-064691-8|ref=harv}}
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{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|last=Ayton|first=Mel|title=A Racial Crime: James Earl Ray And The Murder Of Martin Luther King Jr|publisher=Archebooks Publishing|year=2005|isbn=1-59507-075-3}}
* {{Cite book|authorlink=Taylor Branch|last=Branch|first=Taylor|title=Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954–1963|url=https://archive.org/details/partingwatersame00bran_0|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=1988|isbn=0-671-46097-8}}
* {{Cite book|last=Branch|first=Taylor|title=Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963–1965|url=https://archive.org/details/pillaroffireamer00bran|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=1998|isbn=0-684-80819-6}}
* {{Cite book|authorlink=Coretta Scott King|last=King|first=Coretta Scott|title=My Life with Martin Luther King, Jr|url=https://archive.org/details/mylifewithmartin00king_2|publisher=Henry Holth & Co|origyear=1969|year=1993|isbn=0-8050-2445-X}}
* {{cite book|first=Martin Luther | last=King Jr.|editor=[[Cornel West]]|title=The Radical King|url=https://books.google.com/?id=PHAOBAAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=[[Beacon Press]]|isbn=0-8070-1282-3}}
* Kirk, John A., ed. ''Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement: Controversies and Debates'' (2007). pp. 224
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'''Pidato dan wawancara'''
* [http://www.dalnet.lib.mi.us/king/ "Martin Luther King Jr. Historic Speeches and Interviews"]
* [http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/multimedia_contents King Institute Encyclopedia multimedia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407151205/http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/multimedia_contents |date=2010-04-07 }}
* [https://archive.org/movies/movies-details-db.php?collection=open_mind&collectionid=openmind_ep727 The New Negro], King interviewed by [[J. Waites Waring]]
* [http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkatimetobreaksilence.htm "Beyond Vietnam" speech text and audio]
* [http://www.therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=4731 "Why I Am Opposed to the War in Vietnam"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019155053/http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=4731 |date=2017-10-19 }}, sermon at the Ebenezer Baptist Church on April 30, 1967 (audio of speech with video 23:31)
* [https://reuther.wayne.edu/audio/user "Walk to Freedom", Detroit, June 23, 1963.] Walter P. Reuther Library of Labor and Urban Affairs. Wayne State University.
* [http://saidatsouthern.com/martin-luther-king-mp3/ Audio from April 1961 King, "The Church on the Frontier of Racial Tensions"], speech at Southern Seminary
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