Bahasa Irlandia Kuno: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{short description|Bahasa Goidelik Keltik tertua yang paling banyak terbukti secara luas(ck. 600 – ck. 900)}}{{Infobox language

|ancestor = [[Bahasa Irlandia PrimitifPurba|Irlandia PrimitifPurba]]

'''Bahasa Irlandia Kuno''' (''Goídelc''; {{lang-ga|Sean-Ghaeilge}}; {{lang-gd|Seann Ghàidhlig}}; {{lang-gv|Shenn Yernish}}), terkadangjuga disebut '''Bahasabahasa Gaelik Kuno''',<ref name="koch">{{cite book |title=Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia |url=https://archive.org/details/celticculturehis00koch_128 |last=Koch |first=John Thomas |year=2006 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=[https://archive.org/details/celticculturehis00koch_128/page/n874 831] |chapter= |quote=The Old Irish of the period c.&nbsp;600–c.&nbsp;900&nbsp;AD is as yet virtually devoid of dialect differences, and may be treated as the common ancestor of the Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx of the Middle Ages and modern period; Old Irish is thus sometimes called 'Old Gaelic' to avoid confusion.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language |last=Ó Baoill |first=Colm |year=1997 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |page=551 |chapter=13: The Scots-Gaelic Interface |quote=The oldest form of the standard that we have is the language of the period c.&nbsp;AD&nbsp;600–900, usually called 'Old Irish' – but this use of the word 'Irish' is a misapplication (popular among English-speakers in both Ireland and Scotland), for that period of the language would be more accurately called 'Old Gaelic'.}}</ref> ialah bentuk tertua [[Rumpun bahasa Goidelik|bahasa-bahasq Goidelik]] yang teks tertulisnya masih ada secara luas. Bahasa ini digunakan dari {{circa}} 600 hingga {{circa}} 900. Teks-teks kontemporer utama bertanggal {{circa}} 700–850. Pada 900, bahasa ini sudah beralih menjadi [[bahasa Irlandia Pertengahan]] awal. Walaupun ini merupakan salinan teks-teks yang disusun pada periode waktu sebelumnya,beberapa teks bahasa Irlandia Kuno berasal dari abad ke-10. Dengan demikian, bahasa Irlandia Kuno merupakan bentuk awal [[Bahasa Irlandia|bahasa Irlandia Modern]], [[bahasa Manx]], dan [[bahasa Gaelik Skotlandia]].<ref name="koch" />

Bahasa Irlandia Kuno dikenal memiliki sistem [[Morfologi (linguistik)|morfologi]] yang sangat kompleks dan khususnya [[allomorf]] (lebih kurang variasi yang tidak dapat diprakirakan pada batang dan awalan dalam keadaan yang berbeda), seperti [[fonologi|sistem bunyi]] yang kompleks dan [[Mutasi awal bahasa Irlandia|mutasi konsonan]] yang meliputi tata bahasa yang penting ke dalam konsonan awal suatu kata.

Walaupun mutasi awal kemungkinan terdapat dalam bentuk bukan tata bahasa pada zaman prasejarah, {{sfn|Jaskuła|2006}} tampaknya, tidak ada ciri yang hadir pada periode [[bahasa Irlandia Primitif]]<ref group=*>Ini sulit untuk mengetahui dengan pasti, karena betapa sedikitnya [[bahasa Irlandia Primitif]] yang terbukti dan keterbatasan alfabet [[Ogham]] yang digunakan untuk menulisnya. </ref> Sebagian besar alomorf yang kompleks hilang kemudian, tetapi sistem bunyi telah dipertahankan dengan sedikit perubahan dalam bahasa-bahasa modern.

* [[Sastra berbahasa Irlandia awal]]

* [[Kamus bahasa Irlandia]]

* [[Auraicept na n-Éces]]

* [[Hipotesis substrat Goidelik]]

* {{cite book|first=Robert |last=Beekes |title=Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction |url=https://archive.org/details/comparativeindoe0000beek |year=1995}}

* {{cite book|last=Green |first=Antony |title=Old Irish Verbs and Vocabulary |url=https://archive.org/details/oldirishverbsvoc0000gree |location=Somerville, Massachusetts |publisher=Cascadilla Press |year=1995 |isbn=1-57473-003-7}}

* {{Cite journal|last=Greene |first=David |title=The Growth of Palatalization in Old Irish |journal=Transactions of the Philological Society |volume=72 |issue=1 |pages=127–136 |year=1973 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-968X.1973.tb01017.x |ref=harv}}

* {{Cite book|last=Kortlandt |first=Frederik Herman Henri |title=Italo-Celtic Origins and the Prehistory of the Irish Language |volume=14 |series=Leiden Studies in Indo-European |publisher=Rodopi |year=2007 |isbn= 9042021772 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Lehmann |first=R.&nbsp;P.&nbsp;M. |author2=W.&nbsp;P. Lehmann |authorlink2=Winfred P. Lehmann |title=An Introduction to Old Irish |location=New York |publisher=Modern Language Association of America |year=1975 |isbn=0-87352-289-3}}

* {{cite book|last=McCone |first=Kim |title=The Early Irish Verb |location=Maynooth |publisher=An Sagart |year=1987 |isbn=1-870684-00-1}}

* {{cite book|last=McCone |first=Kim |title=A First Old Irish Grammar and Reader |location=Maynooth |publisher=Department of Old and Middle Irish, National University of Ireland |year=2005 |isbn=0-901519-36-7}}

* {{cite book|last=O'Connell |first=Frederick William |title=A Grammar of Old Irish |url=https://archive.org/details/grammaroldirish00oconuoft |location=Belfast |publisher=Mayne, Boyd & Son |year=1912}}

* {{cite book|last=Quin |first=E.&nbsp;G. |title=Old-Irish Workbook |url=https://archive.org/details/oldirishworkbook0000quin |location=Dublin |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |year=1975 |isbn=0-901714-08-9}}

* {{cite book|last=Sihler |first=Andrew |year=1995 |title=New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin |publisher=Oxford University Press |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book|last=Stifter |first=David |title=Sengoidelc: Old Irish for Beginners|url=https://archive.org/details/sengoidelcoldiri0000stif |location=Syracuse, New York |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=2006 |isbn=0-8156-3072-7}}

* {{cite book|last=Strachan |first=John |title=Old-Irish Paradigms and Selections from the Old-Irish Glosses |url=https://archive.org/details/oldirishparadigm00strauoft |edition=Fourth |others=Revised by [[Osborn Bergin]] |location=Dublin |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |year=1949 |isbn=0-901714-35-6}}

* {{Cite book|last=Thurneysen |first=Rudolf |authorlink=Rudolf Thurneysen |title=A Grammar of Old Irish |others=Translated by [[D. A. Binchy]] and [[Osborn Bergin]] |location=Dublin |publisher=Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies |year=1946 |isbn=1-85500-161-6 |ref=harv}}<!--Previously this had year=1993, origyear=1946. The ISBN may refer to this republished version. However, the page numbers in this article were generally taken from an actual 1946 copy, and there's no point in wrongly having 1993 as the year in the shortened footnotes.-->

* {{cite book|last=Tigges |first=Wim |author2=Feargal Ó Béarra |title=An Old Irish Primer |publisher=Stichting Uitgeverij de Keltische Draak |location=Nijmegen |year=2006 |isbn=90-806863-5-2}}

* [http://www.dil.ie/ eDIL] (digital edition of the ''[[Dictionary of the Irish Language]]'')

[[Kategori:{{Bahasa Irlandia Kuno| ]]}}