Alodia: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Alodia merupakan kerajaan Nubia abad pertengahan yang paling jarang dipelajari,{{sfn|Welsby|2014|p=183}} sehingga bukti-bukti yang ada mengenai riwayat sejarah kerajaan ini sangat sedikit.{{sfn|Welsby|2014|p=197}} Kebanyakan keterangan sejarah yang ada saat ini diperoleh dari segelintir tulisan dari sejarawan Arab pada abad pertengahan. Yang paling penting adalah karya ahli geografi Islam [[Ya'qubi|ay-Yaqubi]] (abad ke-9), [[Ibnu Hauqal]] dan [[Ibnu Sulaim al-Aswani|al-Aswani]] (abad ke-10), serta tokoh [[Koptik]] [[Abu al-Makarim]]{{sfn|Werner|2013|p=93}} (abad ke-12).{{sfn|Zarroug|1991|pp=15–23}} Riwayat mengenai penyebaran agama Kristen di kerajaan ini pada abad ke-6 dicatat oleh uskup [[Yohanes dari Efesus]].{{sfn|Zarroug|1991|pp=12–15}} Sumber-sumber dari Sudan pasca abad pertengahan membahas tentang keruntuhannya.{{sfn|Welsby|2002|p=255}}{{sfn|Vantini|2006|pp=487–491}} Al-Aswani menegaskan bahwa ia pernah berhubungan dengan sejarawan Nubia yang "banyak tahu tentang negara Alwa",{{sfn|Zarroug|1991|pp=19–20}} tetapi masih belum ada karya [[historiografi]] Nubia abad pertengahan yang telah ditemukan.{{sfn|Welsby|2002|p=9}}
Walaupun ada banyak situs Alodia yang telah ditemukan,{{sfn|Zarroug|1991|pp=58–70}} hanya ibu kotanya, [[Soba (kota)|Soba]], yang telah digali oleh arkeolog.{{sfn|Werner|2013|p=25}} Sebagian dari situs tersebut diekskavasi pada dasawarsa 1950-an, dan penggalian kemudian berlanjut pada dasawarsa 1980-an dan 1990-an. Luasnya diperkirakan sebesar 2,75
== Referensi ==
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* {{cite book |last=Abu-Manga |first=Al-Amin |editor=Kees Versteegh |title=Encyclopedia of Arabic Languages and Linguistics. Volume IV. Q-Z |chapter=Sudan |year=2009 |pages=367–375 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-04-17702-4 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Adams |first=William Y. |title=Nubia. Corridor to Africa |year=1977 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=978-0-691-09370-3 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Beswick |first=Stephanie |title=Sudan's Blood Memory |url=https://archive.org/details/sudansbloodmemor0000besw |year=2004 |publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|University of Rochester]] |isbn=978-1-58046-231-0 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Braukämper |first=Ulrich |language=German |title=Migration und ethnischer Wandel. Untersuchungen aus der östlichen Sahelzone ["Migration and ethnic change. Investigations from the eastern Sahel zone"] |year=1992 |publisher=[[Franz Steiner Verlag]] |isbn=978-3-515-05830-8 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Brita |first=Antonella |chapter=Soba Noba |editor=Siegbert Uhlig, Alessandro Bausi |title=Encyclopedia Aethiopica |volume=5 |p=517 |publisher=[[Harrassowitz Verlag]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-3-447-06740-9 |ref=harv}}
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<!--* {{cite book |last=Drzewiecki |first=Mariusz |year=2016 |title=Mighty Kingdoms and their Forts. The Role of Fortified Sites in the Fall of Meroe and Rise of Medieval Realms in Upper Nubia |url=https://www.academia.edu/33697681 |isbn=9788394357085 |publisher=IKSiO PAN |ref=harv}}-->
* {{cite journal |last=Edwards |first=David |title=The Christianisation of Nubia: Some archaeological pointers |journal=Sudan & Nubia |year=2001 |volume=5 |pages=89–96 |url=https://issuu.com/sudarchrs/docs/s_n05-edwards |issn=1369-5770 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Edwards |first=David |title=The Nubian Past: An Archaeology of the Sudan |url=https://archive.org/details/nubianpastarchae0000edwa |year=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-36987-9 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Edwards|first=David |year=2011 |chapter=Slavery and Slaving in the Medieval and Post-Medieval kingdoms of the Middle Nile |title=Comparative Dimensions of Slavery in Africa: Archaeology and Memory |editor=Paul Lane and Kevin C. MacDonald |pages=79–108 |publisher=[[British Academy]] |isbn=978-0-19-726478-2 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Gonzalez-Ruibal |first1=Alfredo |last2=Falquina |first2=Alvaro |title=In Sudan's Eastern Borderland: Frontier Societies of the Qwara Region (ca. AD 600-1850) |journal=Journal of African Archaeology |volume=15 |issue=2 |year=2017 |pages=173–201 |issn=1612-1651 |url=https://www.academia.edu/37375711 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008153245/https://www.academia.edu/37375711 |archive-date=2022-10-08 |dead-url=unfit |ref=harv |doi=10.1163/21915784-12340011 |access-date=2019-01-11 }}
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* {{cite book |last=Welsby |first=Derek |chapter=The Medieval Kingdom of Alwa |pp=179–194 |year=1996 |title=Der Sudan in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart (Sudan Past and Present) |editors=Rolf Gundlach, Manfred Kropp, Annalis Leibundgut |publisher=[[Peter Lang (publisher)|Peter Lang]] |isbn=978-3-631-48091-5 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Welsby |first=Derek |title=Soba II. Renewed excavations within the metropolis of the Kingdom of Alwa in Central Sudan |year=1998 |publisher=[[British Museum]] |isbn=978-0-7141-1903-8 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Welsby |first=Derek |title=The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia. Pagans, Christians and Muslims Along the Middle Nile|url=https://archive.org/details/medievalkingdoms0000wels |year=2002 |publisher=British Museum |isbn=978-0-7141-1947-2 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Welsby |first=Derek |chapter=The Kingdom of Alwa |year=2014 |pp=183–200 |editors=Julie R. Anderson and Derek A. Welsby |title=The Fourth Cataract and Beyond: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference for Nubian Studies |publisher=[[Peeters Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-429-3044-5 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last1=Welsby |first1=Derek |last2=Daniels |first2=C.M. |title=Soba. Archaeological Research at a Medieval Capital on the Blue Nile |url=https://archive.org/details/sobaarchaeologic0000wels |year=1991 |publisher=The [[British Institute in Eastern Africa]] |isbn=978-1-872566-02-3|ref=harv}}
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