China Hand: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''China Hand''' adalah sebutan untuk para pedagang abad ke-19 di [[pelabuhan bersama]] [[
Di
== China Hand ==
China Hand semasa Perang Dunia II adalah [[Foreign Service Officer|Pejabat Dinas Luar Negeri]] [[Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat]]. Sebagian besar di antaranya pernah bertugas di
</ref>
Ketika [[Jepang]] menyerah tahun 1945 dan [[Perang Dingin]] pecah, kaum Komunis dan Nasionalis terjebak dalam perang saudara. Pandangan China Hand dikemukakan oleh profesor Harvard, [[John Fairbank]], dalam buku ''The United States and China'' (1948) dan ''[[Thunder Out of China]]'' (diterbitkan tahun 1946 oleh Theodore White dan [[Annalee Jacobee]]). Mereka berharap kebijakan Amerika Serikat dapat mendorong nasionalisme
Opini publik terhadap China Hand baru berubah saat Republik Rakyat
== China Hand ternama ==
* [[John P. Davies|John Paton Davies, Jr.]]<ref>{{cite news |first= Michael T.|last= Kaufman|title=John Paton Davies, Diplomat Who Ran Afoul of McCarthy Over China, Dies at 91 John Paton Davies, Diplomat Who Ran Afoul of McCarthy Over China, Dies at 91 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE4DF1339F937A15751C1A96F958260 |quote=John Paton Davies, a leading diplomat who was among the ''old China hands'' driven from the State Department after Senator Joseph McCarthy questioned their loyalty and labeled them Communist sympathizers in the 1950s, died yesterday at his home in Asheville, N.C. He was 91. |work=[[New York Times]] |date=24 December 1999 |accessdate=2008-08-15 }}</ref>
* [[John S. Service]]<ref>{{cite news |first= John|last= Kifner|title=John Service, a Purged 'China Hand,' Dies at 89 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9801E2DE1E38F937A35751C0A96F958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |quote=John S. Service, the first of the ''old China hands'' purged from the State Department in the McCarthy era, died yesterday in Oakland, Calif. He was 89. |work=[[New York Times]] |date= February 4, 1999|accessdate=2008-08-13 }}</ref>
* [[John Carter Vincent]]<ref>{{cite news |title=John Carter Vincent Dies. Specialist on China Policy. Diplomat Was Dismissed Despite Loyalty Report. |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30C16FD35591A7493C7A91789D95F468785F9 |quote=John Carter Vincent, a China specialist and former director of the State Department's Office of Far Eastern Affairs, died Sun- day ... |work=[[New York Times]] |date=December 5, 1972 |accessdate=2008-08-15 }}</ref>
* [[O. Edmund Clubb]]<ref>{{cite news |title=O. Edmund Clubb, 88, `China Hand,' Dies
* [[Owen Lattimore]]<ref>{{cite news |title=It takes one to know one |url=http://www.salon.com/news/col/horo/1999/12/06/weisberg/print.html |quote=Weisberg still describes Lattimore as "the China hand absurdly named as the ... |work=[[Salon.com]] |date=December 6, 1999 |accessdate=2008-08-13 |archive-date=2008-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819174707/http://www.salon.com/news/col/horo/1999/12/06/weisberg/print.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* [[John K. Fairbank]]<ref>{{cite news |first= David|last= Gonzalez|title=John K. Fairbank, China Scholar Of Wide Influence, Is Dead at 84 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CEEDD123EF935A2575AC0A967958260 |quote= John K. Fairbank, the Harvard history professor who was widely credited with creating the field of modern Chinese studies in the United States and was a leading advocate of diplomatic recognition of the People's Republic of China, died Saturday in Cambridge, Mass. He was 84 years old. He died of a heart attack, said Roderick MacFarquhar, a colleague. |work=[[New York Times]] |date=September 16, 1991 |accessdate=2008-08-14 }}</ref>
* [[Theodore H. White|Theodore White]]
* [[Raymond P. Ludden]]
* [[John F. Melby]]
* [[Edgar Snow]]
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Laowai]]
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* {{cite book
| last =Davies
| first =John Paton
| title =China Hand: An Autobiography
| url =https://archive.org/details/chinahandautobio0000davi
| publisher = University of Pennsylvania Press
| year =2012
| isbn = 978-0-8122-4401-4 }}
* {{cite book
| last =Kahn
| first =E. J.
| title =The China Hands: America's Foreign Service Officers and What Befell Them
| url =https://archive.org/details/chinahandsameric00kahn
| publisher = Viking
| year =1975
| isbn = 0-14-004301-2 }}
* Lauren, Paul Gordon. ''The China Hands' Legacy: Ethics and Diplomacy'' (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1987 {{ISBN|0813302242}}.
* {{cite book
|author1=Lilley, James R. |author2=Lilley, Jeffrey
| title =China Hands: Nine Decades Of Adventure, Espionage, And Diplomacy In Asia
|url=https://archive.org/details/chinahands00jame | publisher = PublicAffairs <!-- that's how they spell it -->
| year =2004
| isbn = 1-58648-136-3 }}
* {{cite book
| last = Utley
| first = Freda
| authorlink = Freda Utley
| title =The China Story
| url = https://archive.org/details/chinathreathowpe00gert
| publisher =[[Regnery Publishing]]
| year =1951
| isbn = 0-89526-281-9}}
* {{cite book
| last = Rand
| first = Peter
| authorlink = Peter Rand
| title =The China Hands
| url = https://archive.org/details/chinahandsadvent0000rand_r6a3
| publisher =[[Simon & Schuster]]
| year = 1995
| isbn = 0-684-80844-7}}
* John T. Flynn, ''While You Slept: Our Tragedy in Asia and Who Made It'' (New York,: Devin-Adair Co.,
* Anthony Kubek, ''How the Far East Was Lost: American Policy and the Creation of Communist China, 1941-1949 ''(Chicago: Regnery,
* [[David Halberstam]], ''The Coldest Winter'', (2007)
* [[David Halberstam]], ''The Best and the Brightest'', (1971)
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