USS New Jersey (BB-62): Perbedaan antara revisi

|Ship country=[[Amerika USSerikat]]

|Ship namesake=[[State of New Jersey]]

|Ship ordered=1 JulyJuli 1939

|Ship launched=7 DecemberDesember 1942

|Ship commissioned=23 MayMei 1943

|Ship decommissioned=30 JuneJuni 1948

|Ship decommissioned=21 AugustAgustus 1957

|Ship decommissioned=17 DecemberDesember 1969

|Ship recommissioned=28 DecemberDesember 1982

|Ship decommissioned=8 FebruaryFebruari 1991

| Ship struck= 4 JanuaryJanuari 1999

|Ship honors=19 [[battleBintang starjasa]]s

|Ship status = [[MuseumKapal shipmuseum]] indi [[Camden, New Jersey]]

|Ship notes=MostKapal decoratedtempur battleshipdengan inhiasan theterbanyak USsepanjang Navy'ssejarah historyAL AS

|Ship class={{sclass- |Iowa|battleshipKapal tempur}}

|Ship displacement=58,00058000 tons

|Ship beam= {{convert |108.,2|ft|m|abbr= on}}

|Ship draft={{convert |28.,9|ft|m|abbr= on}}

|Ship complement=1,.921 officersopsir anddan menanak buah

|Ship armament=1943:<br />9 × [[16-50 Mark 7|16&nbsp;in (406&nbsp;mm) 50 cal. Mark 7 guns]]<br />20 × [[5 inch (127 mm)/38 caliber gun|5&nbsp;in (127&nbsp;mm) 38 cal. Mark 12 guns]]<br />80 × [[Bofors 40 mm gun|40&nbsp;mm 56 cal. anti-aircraft guns]]<br />49 × [[Meriam Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|20&nbsp;mm 70 cal. anti-aircraft guns]]<br />1968:<br />9 × 16&nbsp;in (406&nbsp;mm) 50 cal Mark 7 guns<br />20 × 5&nbsp;in (127&nbsp;mm) 38 cal Mark 12 guns<br />1982:<br />9 × [[16-50 Mark 7|16&nbsp;in (406&nbsp;mm) 50 cal. Mark 7 guns]]<br />12 × 5&nbsp;in (127&nbsp;mm) 38 cal. Mark 12 guns<br />32 × [[Tomahawk missile|BGM-109 Tomahawk cruise missiles]]<br />16 × [[RGM-84 Harpoon|RGM-84 Harpoon Anti-Ship missiles]]<br />4 × [[Phalanx weapon system|20&nbsp;mm/76 cal. Phalanx CIWS]]

|Ship armor=[[Belt armor|BeltSabuk]]: {{convert |12.1|in|mm| abbr=on}}<br />[[Bulkhead (partition)|Bulkheads]]: {{convert |11.3|in|mm| abbr=on}}<br />[[BarbetteBarbet]]s: {{convert |11.6|to|17.3|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />[[TurretTuret senjata]]s: {{convert |19.7|in|mm| abbr = on}}<br /> [[Deck (ship)|DecksGeladak]]: {{convert |7.5|in|mm| abbr= on}}

|Ship aircraft=1943:<br3 />2[[pesawat catapults<br />3apung]] [[OS2U Kingfisher|Vought OS2U Kingfisher Floatplanes]]<br />1982:<br />Deck for up to 4 helicoptershelikopter

'''USS ''New Jersey''''' (BB-62; "Big J" atau "''Black Dragon''"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.battleshipnewjersey.org/visit/faq.php | title = Battleship New Jersey: Frequently Asked Questions | date = 2014-10-28 | website = Battleship New Jersey | publisher = Battleship New Jersey Museum and Memorial | accessdate = 2014-10-27 | archive-date = 2014-10-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141029011001/http://www.battleshipnewjersey.org/visit/faq.php | dead-url = yes }}</ref>) adalah sebuah kapal perang kelas Iowa, dan kapal kedua Angkatan Laut [[Amerika Serikat]] yang dinamai untuk menghormati negara bagian [[New Jersey]]. New Jersey mendapatkan bintang pertempuran untuk tindakan tempur lebih banyak dari tiga kapal perang kelas Iowa lainnya, dan satu-satunya kapal perang AS memberikan dukungan tembakan selama Perang Vietnam. Selama Perang Dunia II, New Jersey dikupas target di [[Guam]] dan [[Okinawa]], dan disaring kapal induk melakukan razia di Kepulauan Marshall. Selama Perang Korea, dia terlibat dalam serangan atas dan ke bawah pantai Korea Utara, setelah itu ia dinonaktifkan ke Amerika Serikat

==ConstructionKonstruksi==

''New Jersey''{{'}}s main battery consisted of nine [[16"/50 caliber Mark 7 gun]]s in three three-gun turrets, which could fire {{convert|2700|lb|kg|0|adj=on}} armor-piercing shells some {{convert|23|mi|km|0}}. Her secondary battery consisted of twenty [[5"/38 caliber gun]]s mounted in twin-gun [[dual purpose gun|dual purpose]] (DP) turrets, which could hit targets up to {{convert|9|mi|km|0}} away. With the advent of air power and the need to gain and maintain [[air superiority]] came a need to protect the growing fleet of allied aircraft carriers, so ''New Jersey'' was fitted with an array of [[Meriam Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|Oerlikon 20 mm]] and [[Bofors 40 mm gun|Bofors 40 mm]] [[anti-aircraft artillery|anti-aircraft guns]]. When reactivated in 1968, ''New Jersey'' had her 20&nbsp;mm and 40&nbsp;mm AA guns removed and was tailored for use as a heavy bombardment ship. When reactivated in 1982, ''New Jersey'' had four twin 5"/38 caliber DP mounts removed. She was outfitted with four [[Phalanx CIWS]] mounts for protection against missiles and aircraft, and eight [[Armored Box Launcher]]s and eight Quad Cell Launchers designed to fire [[Tomahawk missile]]s and [[Harpoon missile]]s, respectively.<ref name="The Battleships I">{{cite book | last =Johnston, Ian & McAuley, Rob | title =The Battleships | publisher =Channel 4 Books (an imprint of Pan Macmillan, LTD) | year =2002 | location =London | page =120 | url = http://www.panmacmillan.com/ | isbn =0-7522-6188-6}}</ref>

As part of president [[Ronald Reagan]]'s and Navy Secretary [[John Lehman]]'s effort to create a [[600-ship Navy]], ''New Jersey'' was selected for reactivation in the spring of 1981, and she was towed from [[Puget Sound Naval Shipyard]] to [[Long Beach Naval Shipyard]] at the end of July 1981 for modernization/reactivation. At the time of the reactivation the Navy envisioned using ''New Jersey'' and her sister ship ''Iowa'' to meet sustained global requirements and relieve the strain on the Navy created by an increase in U.S. commitments to the Indian Ocean and [[Caribbean Sea]] regions. During this time the Navy developed several proposals to update their battleships to carry cruise missiles and anti-ship missiles, as well as point defense system mounts. Preliminary modernizations schemes included the removal of four of the ten 5&nbsp;inch gun mounts on ''New Jersey'' to make room for the armored box launchers that would be required to carry and launch the BGM-109 Tomahawk missiles.<ref name="GOA1">{{cite web |url=http://archive.gao.gov/f0102/115403.pdf |format=PDF |title=Update of the Issues Concerning the Proposed Reactivation of the Iowa class battleships and the Aircraft Carrier Oriskany |accessdate=2005-05-25 |publisher=[[Government Accountability Office|United States General Accounting Office]] |date=20 April 1981 |pages=3–18}}</ref><ref>At the time ''New Jersey'' was scheduled to undergo modernization the Tomahawk missile system had not yet been introduced for use in the field; however, the Navy announced plans to include the updates that would be needed for ''New Jersey'' to use the Tomahawk system while undergoing her modernization. {{cite web | url =http://archive.gao.gov/f0102/115403.pdf | title = Update of the Issues Concerning the Proposed Reactivation of the Iowa Class Battleships and the Aircraft Carrier Oriskany | format = PDF |publisher = United States General Accounting Office | accessdate = 2007-06-08 | date = 20 April 1981 }}</ref> At one point the NATO [[Sea Sparrow]] was to be installed on the reactivated battleships; however, it was determined that the system could not withstand the overpressure effects when firing the main battery.<ref name="GOA1"/><ref>Statement by Admiral Rowden in the ''Department of Defense Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1982''.</ref>

Because ''New Jersey'' had been recalled for service in the Vietnam War her modernization differed from her sisters for a number of reasons. When reactivated in 1967 ''New Jersey'' had her [[Meriam Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|20&nbsp;mm Oerlikon]] and [[Bofors 40mm gun|40&nbsp;mm Bofors]] anti-aircraft guns removed, and received improved electronic warfare capabilities. This alteration helped reduce the time it took get ''New Jersey'' recommissioned: since she was not in her World War II format the only major physical alteration to ''New Jersey'' involved the removal of four of her ten 5&nbsp;inch gun mounts to make room for the Armored Box Launchers.<ref name="FAS Iowa">{{cite web | title = BB-61 IOWA-class (Specifications)|url = http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/bb-61.htm |publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]] |accessdate=2006-11-26}}</ref><ref>By comparison ''Iowa'', ''Missouri'', and ''Wisconsin'' had to be stripped of their 20&nbsp;mm Oerlikon and 40&nbsp;mm Bofors anti-aircraft guns, in addition to the removal of four of their ten 5&nbsp;in guns.</ref> In addition to saving time, this also made ''New Jersey'' cheaper to reactivate since the cost needed to modernize the battleship only included the addition of missile and gun system mounts, electronic warfare suites, and improved radar and gun spotter technology.<ref name="GOA1"/><ref>The estimated cost of reactivating ''New Jersey'' with her gun turrets intact was ,26 million, vs the estimated ,92 million to reactivate ''Iowa''. {{cite web | url = http://archive.gao.gov/f0102/115403.pdf |format = PDF | publisher = United States General Accounting Office | title = Update of the Issues Concerning the Proposed Reactivation of the Iowa Class Battleships and the Aircraft Carrier Oriskany | date = 20 April 1981| accessdate=2007-06-08}}</ref>

|{{ribbon devices|number=2|type=service-star|ribbon=Phliber rib.pngsvg|width=106}}

|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=United Nations KoreaService Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}

* [[:en:Hans Christian Adamson|Adamson, Hans Christian]], and [[George Francis Kosco]]. ''Halsey's Typhoons: A Firsthand Account of How Two Typhoons, More Powerful than the Japanese, Dealt Death and Destruction to Admiral Halsey's Third Fleet.'' New York: Crown Publishers, 1967.

* [http://www.navsource.org/archives/01/62d.htm NAVSOURCE Photo Gallery: Numerous photographs of USS ''New Jersey''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028081621/http://www.navsource.org/archives/01/62d.htm |date=2007-10-28 }}

* [http://www.williammaloney.com/Aviation/BattleshipUSSNewJersey/index.html USS New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220171001/http://www.williammaloney.com/Aviation/BattleshipUSSNewJersey/index.html |date=2020-02-20 }} Photos on board the Battleship USS New Jersey

* [http://www.hnsa.org/ships/bbnj.htm HNSA Ship Page: USS New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731202557/http://www.hnsa.org/ships/bbnj.htm |date=2013-07-31 }}

* [http://www.hnsa.org/doc/plans/index.htm 1984 Book of General Plans for the U.S.S. ''New Jersey'' (BB-62), Iowa Class] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405084644/http://hnsa.org/doc/plans/index.htm |date=2010-04-05 }}, hosted by the [http://www.hnsa.org/ Historical Naval Ships Association (HNSA) Digital Collections]