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{{DISPLAYTITLE|USS ''New Jersey'' (BB-62)}}
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{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[
|Ship caption=USS ''New Jersey'' berlayar pada bulan Januari 1985.
}}
{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship country=[[Amerika
|Ship flag={{USN flag |1991}}
|Ship name=
|Ship namesake=[[
|Ship ordered=1
|Ship builder = [[Philadelphia Naval Shipyard]]
|Ship laid down=16 September 1940
|Ship launched=7
|Ship sponsor= Carolyn Edison
|Ship commissioned=23
|Ship decommissioned=30
}}
{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship recommissioned=21 November 1950
|Ship decommissioned=21
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{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship recommissioned=6 April 1968
|Ship decommissioned=17
}}
{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship recommissioned=28
|Ship decommissioned=8
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
| Ship struck= 4
| Ship motto = "Firepower for Freedom"<ref name = "PL199S">{{cite web | website= NJ state library | url=http://repo.njstatelib.org/bitstream/handle/10929.1/8743/L1995c252.pdf | format =[[Portable document format
| Ship nickname = "Big J"<ref name = "PL199S" />
|Ship honors=19 [[
|Ship fate=
|Ship status = [[
|Ship notes=
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}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
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|Ship class={{sclass-
|Ship displacement=
|Ship length={{convert|887|ft|7|in|m|abbr = on}}
|Ship beam= {{convert |108
|Ship draft={{convert |28
|Ship propulsion=
|Ship speed={{convert |33|kn|km/h}}
|Ship range=
|Ship complement=1
|Ship sensors=[[AN/SPS-49]] Air Search Radar<br />AN/SPS-67 Surface Search Radar<br />[[AN/SPQ-9]] Surface Search/Gun Fire Control Radar
|Ship EW= [[SLQ-32 Electronic Warfare Suite
|Ship armament=1943:<br />9 × [[16-50 Mark 7
|Ship armor=[[
|Ship aircraft=1943:
|Ship aircraft facilities=1943:2 [[katapel pesawat terbang]]<br />1982:<br />Geladak biasa
|Ship notes=}}
|}
[[
'''USS ''New Jersey''''' (BB-62; "Big J" atau "''Black Dragon''"<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.battleshipnewjersey.org/visit/faq.php | title = Battleship New Jersey: Frequently Asked Questions | date = 2014-10-28 | website = Battleship New Jersey | publisher = Battleship New Jersey Museum and Memorial | accessdate = 2014-10-27 | archive-date = 2014-10-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141029011001/http://www.battleshipnewjersey.org/visit/faq.php | dead-url = yes }}</ref>) adalah sebuah kapal perang kelas Iowa, dan kapal kedua Angkatan Laut [[Amerika Serikat]] yang
<!-- She was briefly reactivated in 1968 and sent to Vietnam to support US troops before returning to the mothball fleet in 1969. Reactivated once more in the 1980s as part of the [[600-ship Navy]] program, ''New Jersey'' was modernized to carry missiles and recommissioned for service. In 1983, she participated in US operations during the [[Lebanese Civil War]].
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''New Jersey'' was decommissioned for the last time in 1991 (after serving a total of 21 years in the active fleet), having earned a [[Navy Unit Commendation]] for service in Vietnam and 19 battle and campaign stars for combat operations during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Lebanese Civil War, and service in the [[Persian Gulf]]. After a brief retention in the mothball fleet, she was donated to the Home Port Alliance in [[Camden, New Jersey]], and began her career as a [[museum ship]] 15 October 2001.
==
{{Main|Iowa-class battleship|Armament of the Iowa-class battleship}}
''New Jersey'' was one of the {{sclass-|Iowa|battleship|0}} "[[fast battleship]]" designs planned in 1938 by the Preliminary Design Branch at the [[Bureau of Construction and Repair]]. She was [[ship naming and launching|launched]] on 12 December 1942 and [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 23 May 1943. The ship was the second of the ''Iowa'' class to be commissioned by the [[U.S. Navy]].<ref name="Order">{{cite web | title = Naval Vessel Register | url = http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/BB62.htm | publisher= [[United States Navy]] | accessdate=2007-03-16}}</ref> The ship was christened at her launching by Carolyn Edison, wife of Governor [[Charles Edison]] of New Jersey, himself a former [[Secretary of the Navy]]; and commissioned at [[Philadelphia]] 23 May 1943, Captain [[Carl F. Holden]] in command.<ref name="DANFS">{{cite web | title = USS New Jersey (BB 62) History | url = http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/n/new-jersey-ii.html | work = [[Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships]] | publisher= United States Navy | accessdate=2007-03-16}}</ref>
''New Jersey''{{'}}s main battery consisted of nine [[16"/50 caliber Mark 7 gun]]s in three three-gun turrets, which could fire {{convert|2700|lb|kg|0|adj=on}} armor-piercing shells some {{convert|23|mi|km|0}}. Her secondary battery consisted of twenty [[5"/38 caliber gun]]s mounted in twin-gun [[dual purpose gun|dual purpose]] (DP) turrets, which could hit targets up to {{convert|9|mi|km|0}} away. With the advent of air power and the need to gain and maintain [[air superiority]] came a need to protect the growing fleet of allied aircraft carriers, so ''New Jersey'' was fitted with an array of [[Meriam Oerlikon 20 mm
Unlike the other ''Iowa''-class battleships, ''New Jersey'' was named by [[President of the United States|President]] [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] to repay a political debt, to then-New Jersey Governor [[Charles Edison]]. During his time in the Navy department, Edison pushed to build the ''Iowa''s, and to build one at the [[Philadelphia Navy Yard]], which secured votes for Roosevelt in [[Pennsylvania]] and [[New Jersey]] in the [[United States presidential election, 1940|1940 presidential election]].<ref>Comegno, Carol. [http://www.southjerseynews.com/battleship/u010600a.htm "Historian details the role politics played in battleship's creation"], ''[[Courier-Post]],'' 6 January 2000. Retrieved 27 May 2007.</ref>
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This invasion brought on the last great [[sortie]] of the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]]. Its plan for the [[Battle of Leyte Gulf]] included a [[feint]] by a northern force of planeless heavy attack carriers to draw away the battleships, cruisers and fast carriers with which Admiral Halsey was protecting the landings. This was to allow the Japanese Center Force to enter the gulf through [[San Bernardino Strait]]. At the opening of the battle planes from the carriers guarded by ''New Jersey'' struck hard at both the Japanese Southern and Center Forces, sinking a battleship 23 October. The next day Halsey shaped his course north after the decoy force had been spotted. Planes from his carriers sank four of the Japanese carriers, as well as a destroyer and a cruiser, while ''New Jersey'' steamed south at [[flank speed]] to meet the newly developed threat of the Center force. It had been [[Battle off Samar|turned back in a stunning defeat]] when she arrived.<ref name="DANFS"/>
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[[
''New Jersey'' rejoined her fast carriers near San Bernardino 27 October 1944 for strikes on central and southern [[Luzon]]. Two days later, the force came under suicide attack. In a melee of anti-aircraft fire from the ships and combat air patrol, ''New Jersey'' shot down a plane whose pilot maneuvered it into the port gun galleries of {{USS|Intrepid|CV-11|2}}, while machine gun fire from ''Intrepid'' wounded three of ''New Jersey's'' men. During a similar action 25 November three Japanese planes were shot down by the combined fire of the force, part of one flaming onto the flight deck of {{USS|Hancock|CV-19|2}}. ''Intrepid'' was again attacked; she shot down one would-be kamikaze aircraft, but was crashed by another despite hits scored on the attacker by ''New Jersey'' gunners. ''New Jersey'' shot down a plane diving on {{USS|Cabot|CVL-28|2}} and hit another plane which smashed into ''Cabot''{{'}}s port bow.<ref name="DANFS"/>
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==Reactivation (1982)==
[[File:New Jersey Modernized.jpg|thumb|left|''New Jersey'' in drydock while undergoing modernization]]
As part of president [[Ronald Reagan]]'s and Navy Secretary [[John Lehman]]'s effort to create a [[600-ship Navy]], ''New Jersey'' was selected for reactivation in the spring of 1981, and she was towed from [[Puget Sound Naval Shipyard]] to [[Long Beach Naval Shipyard]] at the end of July 1981 for modernization/reactivation. At the time of the reactivation the Navy envisioned using ''New Jersey'' and her sister ship ''Iowa'' to meet sustained global requirements and relieve the strain on the Navy created by an increase in U.S.
''New Jersey''{{'}}s modernization was unique in that she was to be the only reactivated ''Iowa''-class battleship to lose a gun turret. At the time the Navy made the announcement plans were underway to remove ''New Jersey''{{'}}s No. 3 16 in gun turret (located aft of the superstructure). In its place the Navy planned to install one of two systems: a [[vertical launch system|vertical launching missile magazine]] which would have enabled ''New Jersey'' to carry an additional 48 Tomahawk or Harpoon missiles, or using the space generated by a removed gun turret for aircraft related updates centering on [[VTOL]] or [[V/STOL]] type aircraft;<ref name="GOA1"/> however these ideas were ultimately dropped, and ''New Jersey'' retained her No. 3 Gun Turret during her 1980s career.
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Over the next several months the ship was upgraded with the most advanced weaponry available; among the new weapons systems installed were four MK 141 quad cell launchers for 16 [[Harpoon missile|AGM-84 Harpoon]] anti-ship missiles, eight Armored Box Launcher (ABL) mounts for 32 [[BGM-109 Tomahawk]] [[missile]]s, and a quartet of the United States Navy's [[Phalanx CIWS|Phalanx]] [[Close-in weapon system|Close in Weapon System (CIWS)]] [[Gatling gun]]s for defense against enemy [[anti-ship missile]]s and enemy aircraft.<ref name="FAS Iowa"/><ref name="The Battleships II">{{cite book | last =Johnston, Ian & McAuley, Rob | title =The Battleships | publisher =Channel 4 Books (an imprint of Pan Macmillan, LTD) | year =2002 | location =London | page =183 | url = http://www.panmacmillan.com/ | isbn =0-7522-6188-6}}</ref><ref name="The Navy">{{cite book | last =Holland | first =W. J. | title =The Navy | publisher =[[Barnes & Noble]], Inc., by arrangement with Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, Inc. | year =2004 | location =China | page =184 | isbn =0-7607-6218-X}}</ref> ''New Jersey'' also received eight [[RQ-2 Pioneer]] [[Unmanned Aerial Vehicle]]s, which are remotely controlled drones that replaced the helicopters previously used to spot for her nine 16"/50 Mark 7 guns.<ref name="Drone">{{cite web |publisher =The Warfighter's Encyclopedia |title= Aircraft: RQ-2 Pioneer|url = https://wrc.navair-rdte.navy.mil/warfighter_enc/aircraft/UAVs/pioneer.htm|accessdate=2007-06-08}}</ref> Also included in her modernization were upgrades to [[radar]] and [[fire control system]]s for her guns and missiles, and improved [[electronic warfare]] capabilities.<ref name="FAS Iowa"/>
Because ''New Jersey'' had been recalled for service in the Vietnam War her modernization differed from her sisters for a number of reasons. When reactivated in 1967 ''New Jersey'' had her [[Meriam Oerlikon 20 mm
Since the Tomahawk missile system had not yet been adopted for use during ''New Jersey''{{'}}s original update the Navy announced plans to divert assets from two of their {{sclass-|Spruance|destroyer}}s to install the necessary Tomahawk launchers. Similarly, assets were diverted from two {{sclass-|Farragut|destroyer (1958)|0}} [[guided missile destroyer]]s to allow for the installation of Harpoon launchers on ''New Jersey''.<ref name="GOA1"/>
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Section 1011 of the [[National Defense Authorization Act]] of 1996 required the United States Navy to reinstate to the Naval Vessel Register two of the ''Iowa''-class battleships that had been struck by the Navy in 1995; these ships were to be maintained in the United States Navy reserve fleets (or "mothball fleet"). The Navy was to ensure that both of the reinstated battleships were in good condition and could be reactivated for use in the Marine Corps' amphibious operations.<ref name="NDAA1996">{{cite web |url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-104publ106/pdf/PLAW-104publ106.pdf |format=PDF |title=National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal year 1996 (Subtitle B-Naval Vessels and Shipyards) |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology|accessdate=2005-05-26 |date=10 February 1996 |page=422}}</ref> Due to {{USS|Iowa|BB-61|2}}'s damaged Turret 2 the Navy selected ''New Jersey'' for placement into the mothball fleet, even though the training mechanisms on ''New Jersey''{{'}}s 16-in guns had been welded down. The cost to fix ''New Jersey'' was considered less than the cost to fix ''Iowa'';<ref name="FAS Iowa"/> as a result, ''New Jersey'' and ''Wisconsin'' were reinstated to the Naval Vessel Register and placed back in the reserve fleet.<ref name="NDAA1996"/>
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[[
[[
''New Jersey'' remained in mothball fleet until the Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act of 1999 passed through the [[United States Congress]] 18 October 1998. Section 1011 required the [[United States Secretary of the Navy]] to list and maintain ''Iowa'' and ''Wisconsin'' on the Naval Vessel Register, while Section 1012 required the Secretary of the Navy to strike ''New Jersey'' from the Naval Vessel Register and transfer the battleship to a not-for-profit entity in accordance with section 7306 of [[Title 10 of the United States Code|Title 10, United States Code]]. Section 1012 also required the transferee to locate the battleship in the [[New Jersey|State of New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dod.mil/dodgc/olc/docs/1999NDAA.pdf |format=PDF |title=Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act of 1999 (Subtitle B-Naval Vessels and Shipyards) |accessdate=2007-03-12 |publisher=105th Congress, United States Senate and House of Representatives |pages=200–201}}</ref> The Navy made the switch in January 1999, and on 12 September, ''New Jersey'' was towed by the tug ''Sea Victory'' from Bremerton, Washington to [[Philadelphia]], for restoration work in the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in advance of her planned donation for use as a museum.<ref name="showboat">{{cite web |url=http://www.battleshipnewjersey.org/history/milestone_dates.php |title=Battleship New Jersey |publisher=Battleship New Jersey Museum and Memorial|accessdate=2005-05-26}}</ref>
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Secretary of the Navy Richard Danzig mengumumkan pada tanggal 20 Januari 2000,<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/docs/b01202000_bt027-00.htm |title=SECNAV announces the Battleship New Jersey donation |publisher=Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs)|accessdate=2005-05-26 |date=20 January 2000 }}</ref> dan pada tanggal 15 Oktober 2000 ''New Jersey'' tiba di tempat peristirahatan terakhirnya di [[Camden Waterfront]].<ref name="awards">{{cite web |url=http://www.ussnewjersey.org/ |title=USS New Jersey Veterans Inc. |accessdate=2005-05-26 |publisher=USS New Jersey Veterans, Inc}}</ref>
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Shortly after her arrival ''New Jersey'' was opened to the public, officially beginning her new career as a museum ship with the name [[Battleship New Jersey Museum and Memorial]]. Self-guided tours, guided group tours, and overnight encampments are offered on the floating museum.<ref>{{Cite journal | title = Visit | url = http://www.battleshipnewjersey.org/visit/ | publisher = Battleship ''New Jersey'' | accessdate = 10 November 2012 | postscript = <!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. --><!--{{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref> Overnight encampments, typically for the benefit of [[Scouting]] organizations, offer the opportunity to sleep and eat in the original berths and mess decks.<ref>{{Cite journal | title = Overnights | url = http://www.battleshipnewjersey.org/overnights/ | publisher = Battleship ''New Jersey'' | accessdate = 10 November 2012 | postscript = <!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. --><!--{{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref>
''New Jersey'' has been placed on several historic registers. In 1997, while the ship was still in the mothball fleet, the New Jersey State Review Board for Historic Sites recommended that it "be listed in the New Jersey Register of Historic Places, contingent upon the transfer of the battleship to New Jersey waters."<ref>{{Cite journal |date=9 July 1997 | title = Letter to the USS New Jersey Battleship Commission | publisher = State of New Jersey, Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Parks and Forestry, Historic Preservation Office | quote=On March 26, 1997, The New Jersey State Review Board for Historic Sites favorably recommended that the Battleship ''U.S.S. New Jersey'' be listed in the New Jersey Register of Historic Places, contingent upon the transfer of the battleship to New Jersey waters from its current location in Washington State. Once the transfer is complete, the Historic Preservation Office will expedite processing of the application for Registration. | author = Dorothy P. Guzzo, Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer | url = http://army.togetherweserved.com/army/servlet/tws.webapp.WebApp?cmd=Profile&type=Person&ID=300584}}</ref> In 2004, the State of New Jersey officially designated the battleship as an historical place.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.state.nj.us/dep/hpo/hpb_summer2004.pdf |format=PDF |title=Historic Preservation Bulletin |accessdate=2005-05-26 |publisher=The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection: Historic Preservation Office |year=2004|page=3}}</ref> This cleared ''New Jersey'' for placement on the [[National Register of Historic Places]], a list to which ''New Jersey'' was officially added in 2004.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2008a}}</ref>
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In early 2012 there was debate on whether or not the USS ''New Jersey'' should be moved to [[Liberty State Park]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Edward |last=Colimore |newspaper=[[The Navy Times]] |title=A new battle looms for USS New Jersey |url=http://www.navytimes.com/article/20120312/NEWS/203120308/A-new-battle-looms-battleship-New-Jersey |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=12 March 2012}}</ref> Ultimately, nothing came from the debate and the ship remains in Camden.
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== Penghargaan ==
Di antara penghargaan yang diterimanya, ''New Jersey'' dianugerahi [[Navy Unit Commendation]] untuk misi Vietnam, [[:enLPresidential Unit Citation (Philippines)|Presidential Unit Citation]] dari [[Filipina|Republic of the Philippines]], dan [[:en:Presidential Unit Citation (Korea)|Presidential Unit Citation]] dari [[Korea Selatan|Republic of Korea]]. Selain itu, kapal ini memperoleh sembilan bintang pertempuran dari misi [[Perang Dunia II]], empat untuk misi [[Perang Korea]], dua untuk misi [[Perang Vietnam]], dan empat untuk misi di [[Libanon]] dan wilayah [[Teluk Persia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ussnewjersey.com/hist_awd.htm Battleship |title=Battle Record of the USS New Jersey |publisher=USS New Jersey Veterans, Inc. |accessdate=19 April 2015}}</ref> Berkat sejarah misi yang luar biasa, ''New Jersey'' merupakan kapal perang yang paling banyak mendapat penghargaan dalam sejarah Amerika Serikat.<ref name="awards"/>
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|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=award-star|ribbon=Combat Action Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=Navy Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Battle
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Navy Expeditionary Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
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|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=China Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
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|{{ribbon devices|number=2|type=service-star|ribbon=National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=4|type=service-star|ribbon=Korean_Service_Medal_-_Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=
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|{{ribbon devices|number=3|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam Service
|{{ribbon devices|number=3|type=service-star|ribbon=Sea Service Deployment Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Presidential Unit Citation (Philippines).svg|width=106}}
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|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam gallantry cross unit award-3d.svg|width=106}}
|{{ribbon devices|number=2|type=service-star|ribbon=Phliber rib.
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=United Nations Service Medal
|{{ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam Campaign Medal ribbon with 60- clasp.
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== Lihat pula ==
<!--{{Portal|Battleships}}-->
* [[:en:List of broadsides of major World War II ships|Daftar kapal Perang Dunia II]]
* [[:en:List of museum ships|Daftar museum kapal perang]]
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|2}}
== Pustaka ==
* [[
* Calhoun, C. Raymond. ''Typhoon, The Other Enemy: The Third Fleet and the Pacific Storm of December 1944''.
* Comegno, Carol. ''The Battleship USS New Jersey: From Birth to Berth''. Pediment Pub, 2001. ISBN 1-891395-76-9
* {{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/n4/new_jersey-ii.htm}}
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* Polmar, Norman. ''The Naval Institute Guide to the Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet.'' (2001 Naval Institute Press); ISBN 1-55750-656-6
== Pranala luar ==
<!--Note: the general style guide for this page is: 1) do not to add external links to this section if they already appear in the notes sections, and 2) do not add links that don't deal primarily with the specific ship that is the subject of this article. If you're not sure if link fits this page, you should probably ask first at the talk page. You don't HAVE to follow any of these suggestions, but if you don't your contribution may be declined. -->
{{Commons and category|USS New Jersey (BB-62)|USS New Jersey (BB-62)}}
* [http://www.navsource.org/archives/01/62d.htm NAVSOURCE Photo Gallery: Numerous photographs of USS ''New Jersey''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028081621/http://www.navsource.org/archives/01/62d.htm |date=2007-10-28 }}
* [http://www.battleshipnewjersey.org/ Battleship New Jersey museum]
* [http://www.nj2bb.org/
* [http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/us_navy_pages/uss_new_jersey_bb62.htm Maritimequest USS New Jersey BB-62 Photo Gallery]
* [http://www.williammaloney.com/Aviation/BattleshipUSSNewJersey/index.html USS New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220171001/http://www.williammaloney.com/Aviation/BattleshipUSSNewJersey/index.html |date=2020-02-20 }} Photos on board the Battleship USS New Jersey
* [http://www.hnsa.org/ships/bbnj.htm HNSA Ship Page: USS New Jersey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731202557/http://www.hnsa.org/ships/bbnj.htm |date=2013-07-31 }}
* [http://ww2db.com/photo.php?source=all&color=all&list=search&foreigntype=S&foreigntype_id=6 WW2DB: 55 Photos of Battleship New Jersey], date range 1943–2004
* [http://www.hnsa.org/doc/plans/index.htm 1984 Book of General Plans for the U.S.S. ''New Jersey'' (BB-62), Iowa Class] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405084644/http://hnsa.org/doc/plans/index.htm |date=2010-04-05 }}, hosted by the [http://www.hnsa.org/ Historical Naval Ships Association (HNSA) Digital Collections]
{{Kapal tempur kelas Iowa}}
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