Amnesty International: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Short description|Organisasi HAM internasional yang bermarkas di London}}
[[Image:Amnesty_Logo.gif|right|75px|Logo Amnesti Internasional]]
{{Infobox organization
| logo = Amnesty International logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| type = Nirlaba<br />[[Lembaga swadaya masyarakat internasional|LSMI]]
| headquarters = [[London]], {{postcode|WC|1}}<br />Britania Raya
| services = Melindungi hak asasi manusia
| leader_title = [[Sekretaris Jenderal]]
| leader_name = [[Kumi Naidoo]]<ref name="AI">{{cite web |title=New Secretary General Kumi Naidoo pledges support for African human rights defenders to hold the powerful to account |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/08/kumi-naidoo-pledges-support-for-african-human-rights-activists/ |publisher=Amnesty International |accessdate=26 September 2018 |date=17 August 2018}}</ref>
| key_people =
| name = Amnesty International
| founded = {{start date and age|df=yes|1961|7}}<br />[[Britania Raya]]
| founder = [[Peter Benenson]]
| location = Global
| fields = Advokasi hukum, perhatian media, kampanye langsung, penelitian, pelobian
| num_members = Lebih dari tujuh juta anggota dan pendukung<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/who-we-are/|title=Who We Are|website=www.amnesty.org|language=en|access-date=2019-05-23}}</ref>
| homepage = {{url|https://www.amnesty.org/en |amnesty.org}}
}}
'''Amnesty International''' (lebih dikenal dengan sebutan '''Amnesty''' atau '''AI''') adalah sebuah [[organisasi non-pemerintah]] [[global|internasional]] dengan tujuan mempromosikan seluruh [[hak asasi manusia]] yang terdapat dalam ''[[Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia]]'' dan standar internasional lainnya.
 
Didirikan pada tahun [[1961]] oleh seorang pengacara [[Inggris]] bernama [[Peter Benenson]], Amnesti Internasional mengkampanyekan untuk membebaskan [[tahanan hati nurani]]; untuk memastikan keadilan dan mengadakan persidangan untuk [[tahanan politik]]; untuk menghapuskan [[hukuman mati]], [[penyiksaan]], dan perlakuan tahanan lainnya yang dianggapnya sebagai kekejaman; untuk menghilangkan pembunuhan politik dan [[pemaksaan penghilangan]]; dan untuk menentang segala pelecehan seluruh hak asasi manusia, baik oleh pemerintah atau oleh grup lainnya.
'''''Amnesty International''''' adalah sebuah [[organisasi non-pemerintah]] [[global|internasional]] dengan tujuan mempromosikan seluruh [[HAM]] yang terdapat dalam ''[[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]]'' dan standar internasional lainnya.
 
== Penghargaan ==
Didirikan pada tahun [[1961]] oleh seorang pengacara [[Inggris]] bernama [[Peter Benenson]], Amnesti Internasional mengkampanyekan untuk membebaskan ''[[prisoner of conscience]]''; untuk memastikan keadilan dan mengadakan persidangan untuk [[tawanan politik]]; untuk menghapuskan [[hukum mati]], [[penyiksaan]], dan perlakuan tahanan lainnya yang dianggapnya sebagai kejam; untuk menghilangkan pembunuhan politik dan [[pemaksaan penghilangan]]; dan untuk menentang segala pelecehan seluruh hak asasi manusia, baik oleh pemerintah atau oleh grup lainnya.
Pada tahun 1977, Amnesty International dianugerahi [[Penghargaan Nobel Perdamaian|Penghargan Nobel Perdamaian]] atas sumbangannya untuk kebebasan dan keadilan, dan dengan itu juga untuk perdamaian dunia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1977/index.html|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1977|publisher=Nobel Foundation|accessdate=29 March 2018}}</ref>
 
Pada tahun 1984, Amnesty International menerima anugerah Four Freedoms dalam kategori [[kebebasan berbicara]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rooseveltinstitute.org/fdr-four-freedoms-awards-1/|title=Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Awards - Roosevelt Institute|date=29 September 2015|publisher=Roosevelt Institute}}</ref>
== Pranala luar ==
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://www.amnesty.org/ Situs resmi Amnesty International]
* Peter Benenson: ''[http://www.webalice.it/enricomaria.boschetti/Files_ChiSiamo/observer.html The Forgotten Prisoners]'' ''The Observer'', [[28 Mei]] [[1961]]
*William Schulz, [http://student.cs.ucc.ie/cs1064/jabowen/IPSC/articles/article0006804.html Security Is a Human Right, Too], ''New York Times'', [[18 April]] [[2004]].
*[http://web.amnesty.org/report2004/index-eng AI's 2004 annual report on human rights abuses] (Ringkasan [http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,1225027,00.html])
* [http://web.amnesty.org/report2005/index-eng AI's 2005 annual report on human rights abuses]
 
Pada tahun 1991, Amnesty International menerima penghargaan kewartawanan ''Golden Doves for Peace'' oleh "Archivio Disarmo" Research Center di [[Italia]].<ref>http://www.archiviodisarmo.it/images/pdf/list.pdf{{Pranala mati|date=Oktober 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
=== Artikel-artikel yang kritis terhadap AI ===
 
*Jonathan V. Last, [http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/002/477lfquo.asp?pg=1 Calling It Like They See It], [[FrontPageMag.com|FrontPageMagazine]], [[3 April]] [[2003]]. Alleges AI has anti-American/Israel bias.
== Lihat pula ==
*Christopher Archangelli, [http://www.frontpagemag.com/articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=7463 Amnesty for Iraq], [[FrontPageMag.com|FrontPageMagazine]], [[24 April]] [[2003]]. Alleges AI has anti-American bias regarding Iraq.
{{Portal|Hak asasi manusia}}
*[[NGO Monitor]] [http://www.ngo-monitor.org/archives/infofile.htm#amnesty Criticisms of Amnesty International] &ndash; Points to a running list of criticism of various NGOs, AI in particular.
* [[Ambassador of Conscience Award]]
*Nabeel Abraham, et al.; [http://www.corkpsc.org/db.php?aid=4388 International Human Rights Organizations and the Palestine Question], Middle East Report (MERIP), Vol. 18, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 1988, pp. 12 &ndash; 20. Argues that several organizations, including AI, are biased against Palestinians.
* [[100 Days Campaign]]
*Nabeel Abraham, [http://www.corkpsc.org/db.php?aid=4414 Torture, Anyone?], ''Lies of Our Times'', Mei 1992, pp. 2 &ndash; 4. Claims AI and other groups are reticent in describing alleged torture on the part of Israel.
* [[Amnesty International UK Media Awards]]
*Dennis Bernstein's [http://www.corkpsc.org/db.php?aid=4573 interview] with Prof. Francis Boyle, ''CAQ'', msuim panas 2002. Boyle, a former AI-USA board member, threatened to sue AI-USA over its alleged biased coverage.
* [[Daftar pemenang Amnesty International UK Media Awards]]
*Alexander Cockburn, [http://student.cs.ucc.ie/cs1064/jabowen/IPSC/articles/article0005098.html How the US State Dept. Recruited Human Rights Groups to Cheer On the Bombing Raids: Those Incubator Babies, Once More?], CounterPunch newsletter, 1-15 April 1999. Alleges several human rights organizations "fell into line" regarding the bombing of Serbia.
* [[Daftar aktivis perdamaian]]
*Michael Mandel, ''How America Gets Away With Murder: Illegal Wars, Collateral Damage and Crimes Against Humanity'', Pluto Press 2004. Alleges AI is selective in defending "human rights", in particular, regarding the US-Iraq war 2003, and the War in the Balkans.
* [[World Coalition Against the Death Penalty]]
*Paul de Rooij, [http://www.counterpunch.org/rooij1031.html AI: Say It Isn't So], CounterPunch, [[31 Oktober]] [[2002]].
* [[Kesaksian Nayirah]]
*Paul de Rooij, [http://www.counterpunch.org/rooij11262003.html AI: The Case of a Rape Foretold], CounterPunch, [[26 November]] [[2003]].
 
*Paul de Rooij, [http://www.counterpunch.org/rooij10132004.html AI: A false beacon?], CounterPunch, [[13 Oktober]] [[2004]]. Contains a reading list.
== Referensi ==
*American Gulag at National Review Online.[http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/rivkin_casey200505270804.asp ]
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* {{Cite book|last = Power|first = Jonathan|title=Amnesty International: The Human Rights Story|url = https://archive.org/details/amnestyinternati0000powe_t5i5|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=1981|isbn = 978-0-08-028902-1}}
* {{Cite book|last = Clark|first = Anne Marie|title=Diplomacy of Conscience: Amnesty International and Changing Human Rights Norms|url = https://archive.org/details/diplomacyofconsc00clar|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2001|isbn = 978-0-691-05743-9}}
* {{Cite book|last = Sellars|first = Kirsten|title=The Rise and Rise of Human Rights|publisher=Sutton Publishing Ltd|date=April 2002|isbn = 978-0-7509-2755-0}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hopgood|first=Stephen|title=Keepers of the Flame: Understanding Amnesty International|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2006|isbn = 978-0-8014-4402-9|title-link=Keepers of the Flame: Understanding Amnesty International}}
* {{Cite book|last = Girot |first = Marc |title=Amnesty International, Enquête sur une organisation génétiquement modifiée | publisher=Editions du Cygne |year=2011 |isbn=9782849242469}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{commons}}
* [https://www.amnesty.org/ Situs resmi Amnesty International]
* [http://www.globalpolicy.org/ngos/credib/2003/1306interview.htm Is Amnesty International Biased?], diskusi tahun 2002 oleh [[Dennis Bernstein]] dan Dr. [[Francis Boyle]]
* [https://mrc.epexio.com/records/AMI Katalog arsip Amnesty International] di [[Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick]]
* [http://www.democracynow.org/2009/10/16/amnesty_international_head_irene_khan_on Amnesty International Head Irene Khan on The Unheard Truth: Poverty and Human Rights] – video oleh ''[[Democracy Now!]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110714210751/http://shorts.nthword.com/2010/06/ad-of-week-amnesty-international-death.html Amnesty International Promotion to Eliminate the Death Penalty] – video oleh [[TBWA]]/Paris dan [[Pleix]] untuk Amnesty International France
* [http://hdl.handle.net/10622/COLL00146 Koleksi poster Amnesty International] di [[International Institute of Social History]]
 
[[Category:{{Organisasi hak asasi manusia internasional]]}}
{{Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 1976–2000}}
[[Category:HAM]]
[[Category:{{Pemenang HadiahOlof PerdamaianPalme Nobel]]Prize}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Pemenang Penghargaan Erasmus]]
 
[[Kategori:Organisasi internasional]]
[[ar:منظمة العفو الدولية]]
[[Kategori:Hak asasi manusia]]
[[bs:Amnesty International]]
[[Kategori:Pemenang Hadiah Nobel Perdamaian]]
[[ca:Amnistia Internacional]]
[[Kategori:Pemenang Penghargaan Erasmus]]
[[cs:Amnesty International]]
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[[eo:Amnestio Internacia]]
[[es:Amnistía Internacional]]
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[[gl:Amnistía Internacional]]
[[he:אמנסטי אינטרנשיונל]]
[[hr:Amnesty International]]
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[[ja:アムネスティ・インターナショナル]]
[[ku:Rêxistina Efûyê ya Navneteweyê]]
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[[nn:Amnesty International]]
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[[pt:Anistia Internacional]]
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[[ru:Международная амнистия]]
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[[ta:சர்வதேச மன்னிப்பு சபை]]
[[tr:Uluslararası Af Örgütü]]
[[uk:Міжнародна амністія]]
[[vi:Ân xá Quốc tế]]
[[zh:國際特赦組織]]