Penyanyi bayangan: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Penyanyi playbackbayangan''' atau '''penyanyi hantu''' ({{lang-en|playbackdalam sinema singer}}Barat) adalah [[penyanyi]] yang rekaman lagu-lagunya dipakai dalam [[film]] oleh aktor/aktris yang ketika pengambilan gambar berakting menyanyi ([[lip sync]]) di hadapan kamera. Penyanyi playback sendiri tidak ditampilkan dalam film. Profesi penyanyi playback umumnya dikenal dalam industri [[film India]].

[[Sinema Asia Selatan|Film-film Asia Selatan]] yang diproduksi di [[anak benua India]] umumnya menggunakan teknik saji balik (''playback'') untuk adegan menyanyi. Mayoritas [[Sinema India|film India]] khususnya [[Bollywood]] dan film-film regional lainnya), serta [[Sinema Pakistan|film Pakistan]] biasanya memasukkan enam hingga tujuh lagu dalam satu film. Dimulai sejak [[film bersuara]] India yang pertama, ''[[Alam Ara]]'' (1931), selama bertahun-tahun berikutnya, penyanyi film merekam suara nyanyiannya sebanyak dua kali, sekali sewaktu pengambilan gambar, dan sekali lagi di studio rekaman. Praktik ini berlangsung hingga tahun 1952–1953. Nama penyanyi playback juga belum dimasukkan bersama nama-nama pendukung film dalam judul akuan (''credit title''). Piringan hitam [[LP]] berisi ''soundtrack'' film Hindi tahun 1949 berjudul ''[[Mahal (film 1949)|Mahal]]'' adalah salah satu contohnya. Penyanyi lagu "Ayega Aanewala" ditulis sebagai Kamini, tokoh dalam film yang diperankan oleh aktris [[Madhubala]]. Di kemudian hari, penyanyi playback [[Lata Mangeshkar]] makin terkenal, dan bersama-sama rekan penyanyi playback lainnya mulai meminta agar penyanyi dan pemusik dimasukkan ke dalam daftar nama pendukung film di layar.<ref>{{cite news |title=The masterly voices |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/FXTaQiBAts7WyhrFNERTjN/The-masterly-voices.html |publisher=[[Mint (newspaper)]] Lounge |date=Jan 25 2013 |accessdate=Feb 3, 2013}}</ref>

Penyanyi playback populer di India menikmati status yang sama seperti halnya aktor/aktris populer. Pengarah musik seperti [[A. R. Rahman]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Srinivasan, Meera|title=Fans spend a sleepless night|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/27/stories/2009022759331200.htm|date=27 February 2009|publisher=''[[The Hindu]]''|accessdate=2009-08-18|archive-date=2009-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301224259/http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/27/stories/2009022759331200.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dikagumi oleh masyarakat luas.

Sebagian besar penyanyi playback awalnya mendapat pendidikan musik klasik India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Realising a dream|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/02/17/stories/2003021701130200.htm|date=17 February 2003|author=Rajamani, Radhika|publisher=''[[The Hindu]]''|accessdate=2009-07-22|archive-date=2003-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030701125829/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/02/17/stories/2003021701130200.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Mohammad Rafi]] dan [[Ahmed Rushdi]] dianggap sebagai dua penyanyi playback paling berpengaruh di [[Asia Selatan]].<ref name=allmusicpage>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/mohammed-rafi-mn0000582254|title= Mohammed Rafi on AllMusic| accessdate=22 December 2012 |last= Harris|first= Craig|date= |work= |publisher=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/keyword/mohammad-rafi |title=Articles about Mohammad Rafi – Times of India |publisher=Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date= |accessdate=2013-04-15 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ahmed Rushdi, Remembering a legend|url=http://dawn.com/2012/04/11/remembering-a-legend-ahmed-rushdi/|publisher=Dawn News|accessdate=28 December 2012|archive-date=2012-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207155713/http://dawn.com/2012/04/11/remembering-a-legend-ahmed-rushdi/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/5631/remembering-ahmed-rushdi/ |title=The Express Tribune, Remembering Ahmed Rushdi |accessdate=28 December 2012 | archiveurl= httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20100427003202/http://tribune.com.pk/story/5631/remembering-ahmed-rushdi/| |archivedate= 2010-04-27 April|dead-url=no 2010}}</ref> Dua bersaudara [[Lata Mangeshkar]] dan [[Asha Bhosle]] yang terutama menyanyi untuk film-film Hindi, sering dianggap sebagai dua penyanyi playback paling terkenal dan paling produktif di India.<ref name="monopolity">{{cite web|title=Only the best preferred|url=http://www.hindu.com/2001/05/18/stories/09180701.htm|date=18 May 2001|author=Gangadhar, v.|publisher=''[[The Hindu]]''|accessdate=2009-07-22|archive-date=2003-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030823024402/http://www.hindu.com/2001/05/18/stories/09180701.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Gulzar; Nihalani, Govind; Chatterji, Saibal|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema|year=2003|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=81-7991-066-0|pages=72–73}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music|year=2000|author=Arnold, Alison|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=0-8240-4946-2|pages=420–421}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Yasmeen, Afshan|title=Music show to celebrate birthday of melody queen|url=http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/09/21/stories/2004092114010200.htm|date=21 September 2004|publisher=''[[The Hindu]]''|accessdate=2009-08-19|archive-date=2004-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041103120451/http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/09/21/stories/2004092114010200.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pride|first=Dominic |year=1996 |month=August |title=The Latest Music News From Around The Planet|journal=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |page=51}}</ref> Pada tahun 1991, ''[[Guinness Book of World Records]]'' mencatat Mangeshkar telah menyanyi dan merekam lebih dari 30.000 lagu secara solo, berduet, atau dibantu koor sebagai vokal latar, melebihi jumlah lagu yang telah direkam oleh penyanyi lainnya di dunia.<ref>{{cite web|author=Puri, Amit|title=Dedicated to Queen of Melody|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030224/login/music.htm|publisher=[[The Tribune]], Chandigarh|date = 24 February 2003|accessdate=2009-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Melody Queen Lata rings in 75th birthday quietly|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040929/nation.htm#12|publisher=[[The Tribune]], Chandigarh|date=29 September 2004|accessdate=2009-08-18}}</ref> Pada tahun 2011, ''Guinness'' secara resmi mengakui Asha Bhosle sebagai artis rekaman dengan jumlah rekaman terbanyak dalam sejarah musik, mengalahkan kakaknya sendiri.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[DNA India]]|title=It’s a world record for Asha Bhosle|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_its-a-world-record-for-asha-bhosle_1601969|date=2011-10-22|accessdate=2011-10-23|author=Banerjee, Soumyadipta}}</ref>

Di antara penyanyi playback populer lainnya terdapat nama-nama seperti: [[Bhupen Hazarika]], [[KJ Yesudas]],<ref name="monopolity"/> [[Mukesh (penyanyi)|Mukesh]], [[Manna Dey]], [[Hemant Kumar]], [[Noor Jehan]], [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Geeta Dutt]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]], [[S.P. Balasubramaniam]], [[K. S. Chitra]], [[S. Janaki]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/04/13/stories/2007041300740300.htm |location=Chennai, India |work=The Hindu |title=Glorious 50 years |date=13 April 2007|access-date=2013-05-25|archive-date=2013-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220212/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/04/13/stories/2007041300740300.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Swarnalatha]],<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/us/features/topten BBC World Service 70th Anniversary Global Music Poll: The World's Top Ten.] 2002. Retrieved 5 February 2011.</ref> [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], [[Udit Narayan]], [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]], dan [[Sunidhi Chauhan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Shreya rocks|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/02/05/stories/2009020550270100.htm|publisher=''[[The Hindu]]''|accessdate=2009-10-14|date=5 February 2009|author=Kumar, Divya|archive-date=2010-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617205826/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/02/05/stories/2009020550270100.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Singing star|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/01/05/stories/2008010551090400.htm|publisher=''[[The Hindu]]''|accessdate=2009-08-19|date=5 January 2008|author=Locapally, Vijay|archive-date=2008-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081105053614/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/01/05/stories/2008010551090400.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

Penyanyi playback [[Bangsa Pakistan|Pakistan]] misalnya: [[Shafqat Amanat Ali]], [[Ahmed Rushdi]], [[Nazia Hassan]], [[Alamgir (penyanyi pop)|Alamgir]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2007/03/23/top11.htm|accessdate=2009-07-22|title=Nisar Bazmi passes away|publisher=Top11.htm|date=2007-03-23}}{{Pranala mati|date=Juni 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Mehdi Hassan]], [[Masood Rana]], [[Adnan Sami Khan]], [[Noor Jehan]], [[Mala (penyanyi Pakistan)|Mala]], dan [[Runa Laila]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Alavi, Omair|date=2006-10-01|title=The rise and fall of playback singing|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|url=http://www.dawn.com/weekly/images/archive/061001/images4.htm|accessdate=2009-07-22}}</ref>

== Referensi ==