Christopher Luxon: Perbedaan antara revisi

| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=NZL[[Anggota Parlemen Selandia Baru|MP|size=100}}]]

| 1blankname = {{nowrap|Governor-GeneralGubernur Jenderal}}

| deputy = [[Winston Peters]]

| term_start = 27 November 2023

| succeeding = [[Chris Hipkins]] --->

| term_end1 = 27 November 2023

| successor1 = [[Chris Hipkins]]

'''Christopher Mark Luxon''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ʌ|k|s|ən}}; {{lahirmati||19|7|1970||}}) adalah seorang eksekutif bisnis dan politikus [[Selandia Baru]] yang merupakan [[Perdana Menteri Selandia Baru|Perdana]] Menterisejak terpilih Selandia Baru]]2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-14 |title=Christopher Luxon wins New Zealand election after incumbent Prime Minister Chris Hipkins concedes |url=https://apnews.com/article/new-zealand-election-luxon-hipkins-ardern-9309fc1816569adac27efe0e7ec77c25 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> yang saat iniIa menjabat sebagai Pemimpin Oposisi 2021–2023 dan Pemimpin [[Partai Nasional Selandia Baru]] sejak tahun 2021. Ia menjadi Anggota Parlemen (MP) Daerah Pemilihan Botany sejak pemilu tahun 2020. IaSebelumnya sebelumnyaia adalahmerupakan CEO [[Air New Zealand]]<ref name="Bloomberg2">{{cite web |title=Christopher Luxon |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/17236143 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110091340/https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/17236143 |archive-date=10 November 2019 |access-date=10 November 2019 |publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref><ref name="Stuff 4 Nov 20192">{{cite news |last1=Block |first1=George |date=4 November 2019 |title=National chooses former Air NZ boss Christopher Luxon as Botany MP candidate |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/117151149/national-chooses-christopher-luxon-as-botany-mp |url-status=live |access-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821212137/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/117151149/national-chooses-christopher-luxon-as-botany-mp |archive-date=21 August 2020}}</ref> dari 2012 hingga 2019. Luxon juga menjabat di kabinet bayangan pemimpin Nasional sebelumnya, [[Judith Collins]], sebagai Juru Bicara Pemerintah Daerah, Penelitian, Sains, Manufaktur, dan Informasi Pertanahan, serta menjadi Juru Bicara Asosiasi Transportasi.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 November 2021 |title=Live: Chris Luxon to lead the National Party |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300466178/live-chris-luxon-to-lead-the-national-party |access-date=30 November 2021 |work=Stuff}}</ref>

Christopher Mark Luxon<ref>{{Cite news |title=Who is the new National Party leader Christopher Luxon? |language=en |work=Newshub |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2021/11/who-is-the-new-national-party-leader-christopher-luxon.html |access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref> lahir di [[Christchurch]] pada 19 Juli 1970,<ref name="Air NZ announces new CEO">{{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU1206/S00572/air-new-zealand-announces-new-chief-executive-officer.htm |title=Air New Zealand Announces New Chief Executive Officer |publisher=[[Scoop (website)|Scoop]] |date=19 June 2012 |access-date=30 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611033804/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU1206/S00572/air-new-zealand-announces-new-chief-executive-officer.htm|archive-date=11 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> dari keluarga [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Katolik Roma]] keturunan [[Orang Irlandia|Irlandia]], [[Orang Skotlandia|Skotlandia]], dan [[Orang Inggris|Inggris]].<ref name=":2">Luxon, Christopher; Mallard, Trevor: ''Maiden Statements CHRISTOPHER LUXON (National—Botany)'', New Zealand Parliament Hansard, Wellington, 24 March 2021</ref> Dia tinggal di Christchurch sampai usia 7 tahun, ketika keluarganya pindah ke [[Howick, Selandia Baru|Howick]] di [[Auckland]]. Ayahnya, Graham Luxon, bekerja untuk [[Johnson & Johnson]] sebagai eksekutif penjualan dan ibunya, Kathleen Luxon ([[Nama gadis dan nama istri|née]] Turnbull), bekerja sebagai [[Psikoterapi|psikoterapispsikoterapi]]s dan [[Konselor kesehatan mental|konselor]].<ref name=":2" /> Setelah satu tahun di Saint Kentigern College dan satu tahun lagi di Howick College, keluarga tersebut kembali ke Christchurch dan Luxon menghabiskan tiga tahun di ''Christchurch Boys' High School''.<ref name="LinkedIn">{{Cite web |last=Luxon |first=Christopher|title=LinkedIn page of Christopher Luxon |url=https://nz.linkedin.com/in/christopher-luxon-bb701b195|website=LinkedIn}}</ref><ref name="Herald bio">{{cite news |last1=Bradley |first1=Grant |date=7 June 2013 |title=Air NZ's flying salesman |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=10888926 |access-date=12 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="Listener 2016">{{cite news |last1=Espiner |first1=Guyon |date=24 February 2016 |title=Christopher Luxon: New heights of success |work=[[New Zealand Listener]] |url=https://www.noted.co.nz/currently/currently-profiles/christopher-luxon-new-heights-of-success |url-status=live |access-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821212137/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/117151149/national-chooses-christopher-luxon-as-botany-mp |archive-date=21 August 2020}}</ref> Saat berada di sana, ia memenangkan hadiah debat senior.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manhire |first=Toby |date=September 18, 2023 |title=Let the debates begin |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/politics/18-09-2023/let-the-debates-begin |access-date=September 18, 2023 |website=The Spinoff}}</ref> Ia kemudian belajar di [[Universitas Canterbury]] dari tahun 1989 hingga 1992, memperoleh gelar ''Master of Commerce'' (Administrasi Bisnis).<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|date=30 November 2021|title=Former Air NZ CEO Christopher Luxon showed 'enormous' intellectual capability but rarely met with 'ordinary workers'|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/industries/127097008/former-air-nz-ceo-christopher-luxon-showed-enormous-intellectual-capability-but-rarely-met-with-ordinary-workers|access-date=30 November 2021|website=Stuff|language=en}}</ref> Selama masa sekolah menengah dan universitasnya, Luxon bekerja paruh waktu di [[McDonald's]] dan sebagai [[Pelayan hotel|porter]] di hotel Park Royal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-07 |title=How Christopher Luxon is rebranding the National Party |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/in-depth/468615/how-christopher-luxon-is-rebranding-the-national-party |access-date=2023-09-26 |website=RNZ |language=en-nz}}</ref>

Setelah Jami-Lee Ross mengundurkan diri dari [[Partai Nasional Selandia Baru|Partai Nasional]] atas tuduhan penipuan terhadap partai tersebut,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jami-Lee Ross tweets pics of Simon Bridges and Chinese '$100k donor' as MP accuses National Party leader of electoral fraud |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2018/10/16/jami-lee-ross-tweets-pics-of-simon-bridges-and-chinese-100k-donor-as-mp-accuses-national-party-leader-of-electoral-fraud/ |access-date=29 June 2022 |website=1 News |language=en}}</ref> Luxon mendapatkan pencalonan Partai Nasional di wilayah pemilihan Botany, yang selalu dimenangkan oleh Nasional dan dianggap sebagai kursi yang aman bagi mereka,<ref name="Stuff 4 Nov 201920192">{{cite news |last1=Block |first1=George |date=4 November 2019 |title=National chooses former Air NZ boss Christopher Luxon as Botany MP candidate |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/117151149/national-chooses-christopher-luxon-as-botany-mp |url-status=live |access-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821212137/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/117151149/national-chooses-christopher-luxon-as-botany-mp |archive-date=21 August 2020}}</ref> pada November 2019. Ia menang dalam kontes seleksi dengan anggota parlemen dari Partai Nasional Agnes Loheni, wakil ketua Dewan Lokal Howick Katrina Bungard, juru kampanye obat kanker Troy Elliott, dan pengusaha teknologi Jake Bezzant, yang kemudian terpilih sebagai kandidat Nasional untuk Upper Harbour.<ref name="Stuff 4 Nov 201920192" /><ref name="NZH 5 Nov 2019">{{cite news |title=National selects Christopher Luxon as its new candidate for Botany |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12282362 |access-date=10 November 2019 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=5 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116061615/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12282362|archive-date=16 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Dalam pidato perdananya, Luxon memuji [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] dan [[Katherine Wilson Sheppard|Kate Sheppard]] sebagai bagian dari pembelaan umat Kristen seperti dirinya dalam kehidupan publik, mengklaim bahwa menjadi Kristen telah menjadi sebuah identitas yang "stereotipe sebagai sesuatu yang ekstrem sudah dapat diterima".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/former-air-nz-boss-christopher-luxon-explains-his-christian-faith-in-maiden-speech/RWFT54SHFJBYERYXRZBW27XJM4/ |title=Former Air NZ boss Christopher Luxon explains his Christian faith in maiden speech |last=Young |first=Audrey |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=14 March 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 }}</ref>

Sering ada spekulasi bahwa Luxon akan menjadi pemimpin Partai Nasional.<ref name="RNZ Article">{{cite news |title=National Party leadership: Does Luxon have what it takes? |first=Bryce |last=Edwards |date=10 April 2021 |url= https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/on-the-inside/440202/national-party-leadership-does-luxon-have-what-it-takes |publisher=[[Radio New Zealand]] |access-date=25 November 2021}}</ref> Setelah [[Judith Collins]] dicopot dari jabatan pemimpin partai pada 25 November 2021, Luxon disebut-sebut sebagai calon penggantinya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/127101873/national-leadership-the-top-contenders-to-replace-judith-collins |title = National leadership: The top contenders to replace Judith Collins|date = 25 November 2021 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |access-date=26 November 2021}}</ref> Dia mengambil kepemimpinan pada tanggal 30 November, setelah mundurnya lawan utamanya, [[Simon Bridges]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/456886/christopher-luxon-set-to-be-new-national-party-leader-as-simon-bridges-withdraws |title=Christopher Luxon voted new National Party leader as Simon Bridges withdraws |date=30 October 2021 |access-date=30 October 2021 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130073501/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/456886/christopher-luxon-voted-new-national-party-leader-as-simon-bridges-withdraws|archive-date=30 November 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

Pada awal Agustus 2022, Luxon mendampingi Perdana Menteri Ardern, Menteri Seni, Kebudayaan dan Warisan [[Carmel Sepuloni]] dan Menteri Masyarakat Pasifik [[William Sio]] dalam kunjungan kenegaraan ke Samoa untuk memperingati 60 tahun kemerdekaan Samoa dan mempertegas hubungan bilateral kedua negara.<ref>{{cite news |title=After 865 days, Samoa reopens to tourists |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/07/31/after-865-days-samoa-reopens-to-tourists/ |access-date=6 August 2022 |work=[[1 News]] |agency=[[Australian Associated Press]] |publisher=[[TVNZ]] |date=31 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731081404/https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/07/31/after-865-days-samoa-reopens-to-tourists/ |archive-date=31 July 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ardern, Luxon and ministers to visit Samoa for treaty anniversary |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/471760/ardern-luxon-and-ministers-to-visit-samoa-for-treaty-anniversary |access-date=6 August 2022 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=28 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728015228/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/471760/ardern-luxon-and-ministers-to-visit-samoa-for-treaty-anniversary |archive-date=28 July 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

Luxon adalah seorang [[Evangelikalisme|Kristen evangelis]] yang diakui sebagai seorang [[Konservatisme nasional|sosial konservatif]].<ref name="Who is Christopher Luxon">{{cite news |last1=Wade |first1=Amelia |date=30 November 2021 |title=Who is the new National Party leader Christopher Luxon? |work=Newshub |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2021/11/who-is-the-new-national-party-leader-christopher-luxon.html |access-date=27 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shaw |first=Richard |date=2023-09-12 |title=After the election, Christopher Luxon’s real test could come from his right – not the left |url=http://theconversation.com/after-the-election-christopher-luxons-real-test-could-come-from-his-right-not-the-left-209393 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=The Conversation |language=en}}</ref> Dalam pidato perdananya di parlemen,<ref name=":2" /> Luxon mendefinisikan dirinya sebagai [[Politik kanan tengah|sayap kanan-tengah]]. Luxon mendukung pajak yang rendah,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Coughlan |first1=Thomas |title=Election 2023: National’s Christopher Luxon and Nicola Willis promise $14.6b in tax cuts, Labour slams ‘voodoo costings’ |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/election-2023-national-promises-146b-in-tax-cuts-labour-slams-voodoo-costings/2R3XD4OYJVGERO4IM2THFIWTTA/ |access-date=27 September 2023 |work=NZ Healrd |date=31 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Christopher Luxon defends National tax policy after analysis finds for every $1 bottom half of earners get back, top 5 pct get $10 |language=en |work=Newshub |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2022/11/christopher-luxon-defends-national-tax-policy-after-analysis-finds-for-every-1-bottom-half-of-earners-get-back-top-5-pct-get-10.html |access-date=4 July 2023}}</ref> melakukan pemotongan pada Kementerian Pembangunan Sosial,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Christopher Luxon explains his 'bottom feeding' comments |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/03/22/christopher-luxon-explains-his-bottom-feeding-comments/ |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=1 News |language=en}}</ref> mendirikan kamp pelatihan gaya militer bagi anak-anak yang melakukan pelanggaran, dan memperkenalkan undang-undang anti-geng yang ketat, dan sangat menentang ketergantungan kesejahteraan dan pemerintahan bersama dengan [[Orang Māori|Māori]].<ref>{{cite news |title=National commits to tough new anti-gang laws if elected |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/06/11/national-commits-to-tough-new-anti-gang-laws-if-elected/ |access-date=27 September 2023 |work=1 News |date=11 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gang membership would be aggravating factor in sentencing under new National policy |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/492210/gang-membership-would-be-aggravating-factor-in-sentencing-under-new-national-policy |access-date=27 September 2023 |work=Radio New Zealand |date=18 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Backing Police, Tackling Gangs |url=https://assets.nationbuilder.com/nationalparty/pages/17863/attachments/original/1693518597/Backing_police__tackling_gangs.pdf?1693518597 |publisher=New Zealand National Party |access-date=27 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rātana: Luxon says co-governance debate 'divisive and immature' |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2023/01/24/ratana-luxon-says-co-governance-debate-divisive-and-immature/ |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=1 News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Palmer |first1=Russell |title=Youth crime boot camps: National proposes military academies, electronic monitoring |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/478917/youth-crime-boot-camps-national-proposes-military-academies-electronic-monitoring |access-date=27 September 2023 |work=Radio New Zealand |date=17 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=McConnell |first1=Glenn |title=Christoper Luxon calls co-governance a 'divisive and immature conversation' |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300791183/christoper-luxon-calls-cogovernance-a-divisive-and-immature-conversation |access-date=27 September 2023 |work=Stuff |date=24 January 2023}}</ref> Meskipun mengumumkan Nasional tidak akan menentang Undang-Undang Legislasi Aborsi 2020,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Ensor|first=Jamie|title=Christopher Luxon rules out changing abortion laws if he becomes Prime Minister|work=Newshub|url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2021/12/christopher-luxon-rules-out-changing-abortion-laws-if-he-becomes-prime-minister.html|access-date=30 November 2021|date=30 November 2021}}</ref> Luxon menentang [[Gugur kandungan|aborsi]] dan membandingkannya dengan pembunuhan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lal |first=Shaneel |date=13 August 2023 |title=Shaneel Lal: Election 2023: Replace Christopher Luxon with Nicola Willis to take advantage of Labour’s losses |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/shaneel-lal-replace-christopher-luxon-with-nicola-willis-to-take-advantage-of-labours-losses/ZLMLGAEQ7RHP7LXSXZTCF5ZTRY/ |access-date=2 October 2023 |website=NZ Herald}}</ref><ref name="abortion Stuff">{{cite news |last1=Cooke |first1=Henry |title=Christopher Luxon says he will vote for safe zones outside abortion clinics at second reading |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/300467250/christopher-luxon-says-he-will-vote-for-safe-zones-outside-abortion-clinics-at-second-reading |access-date=1 December 2021 |publisher=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date=1 December 2021}}</ref>

Pada bulan November 2019, Luxon mengatakan dia menentang aborsi, [[Eutanasia|euthanasia]], dan melegalkan [[Ganja|ganja rekreasional]], meskipun pada saat yang sama dia mendukung ganja untuk tujuan pengobatan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Seah |first1=Naomii |title=The National Party's new conscience |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/politics/29-11-2021/the-national-partys-new-conscience |work=The Spinoff |date=29 November 2021 |access-date=1 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="Views">{{cite news |title= Christopher Luxon suggests extension of 'no jab, no pay' policy |url= https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/402555/christopher-luxon-suggests-extension-of-no-jab-no-pay-policy |access-date= 10 August 2020 |work= [[Radio New Zealand]] |date= 5 November 2019 | quote = [...] Mr Luxon said he was against voluntary euthanasia, recreational cannabis and abortion reform – but is in favour of medicinal cannabis.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730212103/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/402555/christopher-luxon-suggests-extension-of-no-jab-no-pay-policy|archive-date=30 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Dia juga pada saat itu mendukung kebijakan "tidak disuntik, tidak diberi tunjangan" untuk sanksi kepada penerima manfaat kesejahteraan yang tidak memvaksinasi anak-anak mereka;<ref>{{cite news |last1= Cooke |first1= Henry |title= Christopher Luxon backs no-jab-no-pay further than the National Party |url= https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/117169551/christopher-luxon-backs-nojabnopay-further-the-national-party |access-date= 10 August 2020 |work= [[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date= 5 November 2019 |quote= He was asked by RNZ's [[Susie Ferguson]] whether he supported the policy of withdrawing sole parent support benefits for parents that don't vaccinate their children – currently just a 'proposal' by National, not an actual policy.<br>Luxon said he supported the idea, and even indicated some support for it extending to [[Working For Families]] benefits.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110091330/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/117169551/christopher-luxon-backs-nojabnopay-further-the-national-party|archive-date=10 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> namun, setelah terpilih sebagai pemimpin, Luxon mengatakan dia tidak mendukung pemotongan tunjangan bagi orang tua yang tidak melakukan vaksinasi anak-anak mereka saat [[Pandemi Covid-19 di Selandia Baru|COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=RNZ Audio Player|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/audio/player?audio_id=2018822755|access-date=30 November 2021|date=30 November 2021|website=Radio NZ}}</ref> Luxon juga dengan tegas menentang upaya reformasi sistem air di Selandia Baru dan menentang tindakan afirmatif bagi Māori dan pemerintahan bersama, yang telah mengarah pada tuduhan hasutan ras.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web |date=4 July 2023 |title=Shaw jokes Nats will dump Luxon amid warning of ‘race-baiting’ National/Act Govt |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/politics/greens-climate-election-message-to-labour-strongest-possible-action-a-bottom-line/SEBRIGYGA5GODN7OYYFIUZ4GYU/ |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref>

Menanggapi [[Perang Hamas−Israel 2023|konflik Gaza−Israel pada Oktober 2023]], Luxon menyatakan bahwa dia terkejut dan sedih dengan serangan Hamas terhadap Israel semalam. Luxon mengutuk serangan Hamas dan menyatakan bahwa Israel mempunyai hak untuk membela diri.<ref>{{cite news |title=NZ leaders respond to Gaza attacks |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/live-updates/08-10-2023/nz-leaders-respond-to-gaza-attacks |access-date=10 October 2023 |work=[[The Spinoff]] |date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008042537/https://thespinoff.co.nz/live-updates/08-10-2023/nz-leaders-respond-to-gaza-attacks |archive-date=8 October 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>