Masker dalam pandemi COVID-19: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:3M_N95_Particulate_RespiratorCounterfeit 3M N95 Particulate Respirator.JPGjpg|ka|jmpl|Sebuah [[masker N95]]]]

[[Masker N95]] AS, [[Masker KN95]] dari Tiongkok, dan [[masker FFP2]] dari Uni Eropa,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/1791500O/comparison-ffp2-kn95-n95-filtering-facepiece-respirator-classes-tb.pdf|title=Comparison of FFP2, KN95, and N95 and Other Filtering Facepiece Respirator Classes|last=|first=|date=2020-01-01|website=3M Technical Data Bulletin|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-28}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/respirators-strategy/crisis-alternate-strategies.html|title=Strategies for Optimizing the Supply of N95 Respirators: Crisis/Alternate Strategies|last=|first=|date=2020-03-17|website=U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-28}}</ref> mampu menyaring hingga 95% partikel di udara, termasuk virus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/disp_part/n95list1-a.html|title=NIOSH-Approved N95 Particulate Filtering Facepiece Respirators - A Suppliers List|last=|first=|date=2020-03-19|website=U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|language=en-us|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/disp_part/respsource3selection.html|title=Respirator Trusted-Source: Selection FAQs|last=|first=|date=2020-03-12|website=U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health|language=en-us|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-28}}</ref> Dibuat dari bahan yang sama dengan masker medis, masker jenis ini didesain supaya dapat menutupi hidung dan mulut dengan lebih sempurna (tidak longgar seperti masker medis), namun penggunaan dalam jangka waktu yang lama tanpa melepasnya dapat menyebabkan penggunanya kekurangan oksigen.<ref name="VOADeliver">{{Cite news|last=Zie|first=John |url=https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/world-depends-china-face-masks-can-country-deliver|title=World Depends on China for Face Masks But Can Country Deliver? |date=March 19, 2020|newspaper=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=|authorlink=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Feng|first=Emily|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/16/814929294/covid-19-has-caused-a-shortage-of-face-masks-but-theyre-surprisingly-hard-to-mak|title=COVID-19 Has Caused A Shortage Of Face Masks. But They're Surprisingly Hard To Make|date=March 16, 2020|newspaper=[[NPR]]|accessdate=|authorlink=}}</ref> Efikasi untuk masker medis N95 mencapai 99%, masker bedah mencapai 98%, dan masker buatan sendiri atau kain dengan 5 lapisan hanya 95,15% dalam memblokir virus [[Flu burung|flu]] burung yang sebanding dengan ukuran partikel virus Covid-19. Penting diketahui bahwa masker buatan sendiri atau masker kain dibuat menggunakan hanya 1 lapisan dari bahan kain [[poliester]] dan filter 4 lapis seperti kertas. Masker N95 mirip dengan masker penangkal virus di negara-negara [[Eropa]] dan dibuat secara [[Elektrostatika|elektrostatis]] mikrofiber [[polipropilen]] yang dirancang untuk partikel filter berukuran diameter 100-300nm300&nbsp;nm dengan efikasi 95%.{{Sfn|Feng et al|2020|p=434-435}}

Ketika epidemi meningkat, pasar Tiongkok mengalami kekurangan masker wajah karena meningkatnya permintaan publik.<ref name="sohu161795">{{cite news|author=谢斌 张纯|url=http://www.sohu.com/a/368299105_161795|title=一罩难求：南都民调实测走访发现，线上线下口罩基本卖脱销|date=21 January 2020|accessdate=21 January 2020|agency=南方都市报}}</ref> Di Shanghai, para pembeli harus mengantri selama hampir satu jam untuk membeli sebungkus masker wajah;sedangkan stok terjual habis dalam waktu setengah jam.<ref name="udn4304194">{{cite news|author1=徐榆涵|url=https://money.udn.com/money/story/5648/4304194|title=全球各地瘋搶口罩 專家：不必買N95|date=23 January 2020|accessdate=25 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125103023/https://money.udn.com/money/story/5648/4304194|archive-date=25 January 2020|publisher=聯合報|url-status=live}}</ref> Stok masker di Indonesia sendiri mengalami kelangkaan dan kenaikan harga karena [[pembelian panik]] pada masyarakat, yang memicu permintaan masker tinggi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/kelangkaan-masker-imbas-panic-buying-di-tengah-masyarakat.html|title=Kelangkaan Masker Imbas Panic Buying di Tengah Masyarakat|last=|first=|date=1 April 2020|work=merdeka[[Merdeka.com]]|access-date=|editor-last=Sari|editor-first=Henny Rachma|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20200324163937-12-486574/polri-masker-hand-sanitizer-langka-karena-permintaan-tinggi|title=Polri: Masker-Hand Sanitizer Langka karena Permintaan Tinggi|last=|first=|date=25 Maret 2020|work=[[CNN Indonesia]]|access-date=}}</ref> Karena ketersediaan masker yang menipis, Pemerintah Indonesia juga menghentikan kegiatan ekspor masker.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/03/13/142605526/pemerintah-ri-segera-larang-ekspor-masker|title=Pemerintah RI Segera Larang Ekspor Masker|last=Miranti KurniaKarunia|first=Ade Miranti|date=13 Maret 2020|work=[[Kompas.com]]|access-date=|editor-last=Jatmiko|editor-first=Bambang P.}}</ref> Masker N95 dan FFP dalam pasokan kecil dan permintaan tinggi selama pandemi.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Johnson|first=Marty|url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/public-global-health/489782-feds-have-15-million-expired-n95-masks-in-storage|title=Feds have 1.5 million expired N95 masks in storage despite CDC clearing them for use on COVID-19: report|date=March 26, 2020|work=The Hill|access-date=April 12, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Produksi masker N95 terbatas karena kendala pada pasokan kain [[polipropilena]] nontenun (yang digunakan sebagai filter utama), serta penghentian ekspor dari Tiongkok.<ref name="VOADeliver2" /><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Evan|first1=Melanie|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/coronavirus-pressures-supply-chain-for-protective-masks-11583552527|title=Critical Component of Protective Masks in Short Supply - The epidemic has driven up demand for material in N95 filters; 'everyone thinks there is this magic factory somewhere'|date=March 7, 2020|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|accessdate=|last2=Hufford|first2=Austen|authorlink=}}</ref> Karena semakin banyak negara membatasi ekspor masker N95, Novo Textiles di [[British Columbia]] memiliki rencana untuk menjadi produsen nomor satu di [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/covid-19-coquitlam-company-retools-will-be-first-in-canada-to-produce-n95-respirators/|title=COVID-19: Coquitlam company retools, will be first in Canada to produce N95 respirators|date=2020-04-06|language=en|publication-date=|access-date=2020-04-06}}</ref> AMD Medicom di [[Quebec]] juga berencana untuk menjadi produsen masker N95 Kanada yang kedua, dengan kontrak untuk memasok Pemerintah Kanada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-quebec-mask-maker-amd-medicom-launching-canadian-manufacturing/#_=_|title=Medicom to begin manufacturing N95 masks in Canada as foreign countries curb exports|date=2020-04-05|language=en|publication-date=|access-date=2020-04-05}}</ref>

<ref name="sci_masks">{{cite web |url=http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s3577/202003/0a472cc09e744144883db6a74fe6e760.shtml |title=关于印发公众科学戴口罩指引的通知引 |language=zh |date=18 March 2020 |work=NHC.gov.cn |publisher=[[Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention]] |archiveurl=httphttps://archive.istoday/mRT0n20200320170545/http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s3577/202003/0a472cc09e744144883db6a74fe6e760.shtml |archivedate=20 March 2020 }}</ref>