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{{Short description|Sahabat Muhammad}}
'''Asma' binti Abu Bakar''' dijuluki '''Dhat an-Nitaqayn''' (yang berarti dia dengan dua sabuk) ({{lang-ar|أسماء بنت أبي بكر}})
adalah putri dari Khalifah Pertama yaitu [[Abu Bakar ash-Shiddiq]] dan juga merupakan suami dari sahabat Nabi yaitu [[Zubair bin Awwam]].
 
{{Infobox person
| name = Asma' binti Abu Bakar
| native_name = {{lang|ar| أسماء بنت أبي بکر}}
| titleimage = Dhatأسماء an-Nitaqaynبنت أبي بكر.png
| known_forcaption = [[Sahabat|Sahabat]] dari [[Muhammad |Muhammad]], Putri dari [[Abu Bakar]] dan kakak= dariKaligrafi [[AisyahAsma' binti Abu Bakar]]
| title = ''Dzatun Nithaqain''
| known_for = [[Sahabat Nabi]], putri [[Abu Bakar]] dan kakak [[Aisyah binti Abu Bakar]]
| birth_date = {{circa}} 595 M
| birth_place = [[Mekkah]], [[ArabianSemenanjung Peninsular|Arab Saudi]]
| death_date = {{circa}} 692 M (umur 97)
| death_place = [[Mekkah]], [[Kekhalifahan Umayyah]]
| resting_place = [[Jannatul MuallaMu'alla]], Mekkah
| spouse = [[Zubair bin Awwam]]
| children = {{bulleted list|[[Abdullah bin Zubair|Abdullah]]|[[Urwah bin Zubair|Urwah]]|Al-MundhirMundzir|Asim|Al-Muhajir|KhadijaKhadijah|UmmUmmu al-Hasan|AistahAisyah}}
| mother = [[QutaylahQutailah bintbinti AbdAbdul al-Uzza]]
| father = [[Abu Bakar ash-Shiddiq]]
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Abd ullahAbdullah bin Abu Bakar|Abdullah]] <small>(full-brother)</small>|[[Aisyah]] <small>(half-sister)</small>|[[Ummu Kulthum binti Abu Bakar|Ummu Kulthum]] <small>(half-sister)</small>|[[Abdurrahman bin Abi Bakar|Abdurrahman]] <small>(half-brother)</small>|[[Muhammad bin Abu Bakar|Muhammad]] <small>(half-brother)</small>|[[Hisyam bin Urwah|Hisyam]] <small>(grand-son)</small>}}
| family = [[BanuBani TaymTaim]] ([[Keluarga Darikeluarga Abu Bakar]])
}}
'''Asma' binti Abu Bakar''' ({{lang-ar|أسماء بنت أبي بكر}}) merupakan putri dari [[Abu Bakar Ash-Shiddiq|Abu Bakar ash-Shiddiq]], salah satu [[Khulafaur Rasyidin]] juga mertua [[Nabi Muhammad]]. Ia diperkirakan lahir lahir pada tahun 595 Masehi. Adik seayah Asma' ialah [[Aisyah binti Abu Bakar]], yang merupakan istri [[Nabi Muhammad]]. Asma' adalah istri dari [[Zubair bin Awwam]], salah satu [[Sahabat Nabi]] dan ibu dari [[Abdullah bin Zubair]], muslim pertama yang lahir di [[Madinah]] setelah hijrah. <!-- Asma' menikah dua kali seumur hidupnya, sementara Zubair merupakan suami keduanya. (belum ada rujukannya, Naval Scene)--> Asma' meninggal dunia pada usia 97 tahun.<ref>''Usudul Ghabah'' Juz 6 hal.6</ref><ref>[[Adz-Dzahabi|Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Utsman Adz-Dzahabi]] ''Siyar A'lam An-Nubala'', http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?ID=185&bk_no=60&flag=1 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223102201/http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?ID=185&bk_no=60&flag=1 |date=2016-12-23 }}</ref>
 
== Keberanian dan kebaikannya ==▼
==Family==
Adalah Asma' r.a digelari dengan sebutan ''Dzatun-nithaqaini Nithaqain'' (ذَاتُ النِّطَاقَتَيْنِ) atau ''Wanita"pemiliki yangdua Memilikiikat Dua Ikat Pinggang''pinggang" oleh sebab kisahnya yang diriwayatkan oleh [[Imam Bukhari]] dalam kitab ''[[Shahih Bukhari|Shahih]]''-nya.<ref name="fathulbari">{{aut|[[Ibnu Hajar Al 'Asqalani|al-'Asqalani, Ibnu Hajar]]; Amiruddin (penerjemah)}} (2006). ''[[Fathul Bari|Fathul Bari: Penjelasan Kitab Shahih Al Bukhari]]''. Jilid 16. Hlm.395. [[Jakarta]]: Pustaka 'Azzam. ISBN 979-3002-94-8.</ref> Sebagaimana diriwayatkan, bahwa dirinya membuat bekal untuk [[Rasulullah]] {{saw}} ketika hendak hijrah menuju [[Madinah]]. Dia tak punya sesuatu guna mengikatkan makanan dan minuman untuk beliau — selain ikat pinggangnya saja. Setelah mengadukannya pada [[Abu Bakar ash-Shiddiq]], maka ayahnya memerintahkan agar membelah ikat pinggangnya dan Asma' pun melakukannya. Karena itulah, ia digelari dengan sebutan tersebut.<ref name=fathulbari/>▼
 
Sebagaimana diriwayatkan, Asma' membuatkan bekal untuk [[Rasulullah]] {{saw}} ketika hendak hijrah menuju [[Madinah]]. Ia tak punya sesuatu guna mengikatkan makanan dan minuman tersebut selain ikat pinggangnya saja. Setelah mengadukannya pada [[Abu Bakar ash-Shiddiq]], maka ayahnya memerintahkan agar membelah dua ikat pinggangnya, sebelah untuk mengikat makanan bekal dan sebelah lagi untuk dipakai sebagai ikat pinggang, dan Asma' pun melakukannya. Karena itulah ia digelari dengan sebutan tersebut.<ref name=fathulbari/>
She was [[Abu Bakr]]'s daughter. Her mother was [[Qutaylah bint Abd al-Uzza]], and she was the full sister of [[Abd Allah ibn Abi Bakr]]. Her half-sisters were [[Aisha]] and [[Umm Kulthum bint Abi Bakr]], and her half-brothers were [[Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr]] and [[Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr]]. She also had a stepmother from the Kinana tribe, [[Umm Ruman]] bint Amir, and a stepbrother, al-Tufayl ibn al-Harith al-Azdi.<ref>Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina'', p. 193. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.</ref> The historians [[Ibn Kathir]] and [[Ibn Asakir]] cite a tradition that Asma was ten years older than Aisha;<ref>{{Cite book|title = Albedayat wa Alnahaya|last = Dameshghi|first = Ibn Kasir|pages = chapter 8, page 345}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title = al-Isaba fi tamyiz al-Sahaba|last = Asqalani |first = Ibn_Hajar |pages = 1810}}</ref><ref>[[Ibn Hajar Asqalani]], ''[[Tahdhib al-Tahdhib]]'', p. 654, Arabic, Bab fi’l-nisa’, al-harfu’l-alif</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title = Siyar a'lam al-nubala'|last = Al-Dhahabi|first = Muhammad ibn Ahmad |pages = Vol 2, 289}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-23708#page-2828 |title=the Beginning and the End |last1=Kathir |first1=Ibn |date=1986 |quote=Original text: وكانت هي وأختها عائشة وأبوها أبو بكر الصديق، وجدها أبو عتيق، وابنها عبد الله، وزوجها الزبير صحابيين رضي الله عنهم. وقد شهدت اليرموك مع ابنها وزوجها، '''وهي أكبر من أختها عائشة بعشر سنين'''. <br>English translation: She, her sister Aisha, her father Abu Bakr, her grandfather Abu Atiq, her son Abdullah, and her husband al-Zubair were Companions – God bless them -. She participated in the Battle of Yarmouk with her son and her husband, and '''she is ten years older than her sister Aisha.''' |access-date=2015-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027190606/http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-23708#page-2828 |archive-date=2016-10-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last='Asakir |first=Ibn |date=1998 |title=History of Damascus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fUiYtoysSU0C&q=%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B4%D8%A9&pg=PT7 |page=8}}</ref> but according to [[Al-Dhahabi]], the age difference was thirteen to fifteen years.<ref>Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Dhahabi. '' Siyar a'lam al-nubalaa'' (''The Lives of Noble Figures'') vol. 2 #143.</ref>
 
==Biography==
 
===Early life: 603/604–610===
 
Asma's parents were divorced before Muhammad started preaching the message of [[Islam]].<ref name="Bewley/Saad p. 178">Bewley/Saad p. 178.</ref> Because of this she remained at her father's house.<ref>Al-Tabari vol. 39 p. 172.</ref>
 
===Islam in Mecca: 610–622===
 
Asma was [[Timing of Sahabah becoming Muslims|one of the first to accept Islam]], being listed fifteenth on [[Muhammad ibn Ishaq|Ibn Ishaq's]] list of those who accepted Islam at the invitation of Abu Bakr.<ref>Guillaume, A. (1955). ''A Translation of Ishaq’s Sirat Rasul Allah'', p. 116. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref>
 
When Muhammad and Abu Bakr sought refuge in the cave of Thawr outside [[Mecca]] on their [[migration to Medina]] in 622, Asma used to carry food to them under cover of dark. When the two men left the cave, Asma tied the goods with the two belts of her cover, and for this ingenuity she received from Muhammad the title ''Dhat an-Nitaqayn'', meaning "She of the Two Belts".
 
She was married to [[Zubayr ibn al-Awwam]] shortly before the ''Hijra''.<ref name=[69]>{{cite web|title=Family Tree Abu bakr|url=http://quransearchonline.com/HTML/Biography/ilyref/image/aisharaz.gif|publisher=Quran search online|access-date=28 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927144331/http://quransearchonline.com/HTML/Biography/ilyref/image/aisharaz.gif|archive-date=27 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2017}} She joined him in [[Medina]] a few months later.<ref name="Bewley/Saad p. 177">Bewley/Saad p. 177.</ref>
 
===Medina: 623 onwards===
Asma found her new neighbours to be "sincere women". She was a poor baker, and they used to make bread for her.<ref name="Bewley/Saad p. 177"/> She and Al-Zubayr arrived in Medina with "neither property nor slave nor any possession in the earth other than his horse." Asma used to feed the horse, taking it out to graze and grinding date-stones for it. Muhammad gave Al-Zubayr some date-palms in Medina, and Asma used to carry date-stones on her head from the garden to their home, a journey of about two miles. One day she passed Muhammad, who offered her a lift home on his camel, but fearing her husband's jealousy, she modestly refused. Al-Zubayr told her, however, that she should have accepted rather than carry such a heavy load on foot. When Abu Bakr eventually gave them a slave, Asma said that "it was as if he had set me free."<ref name="Bewley/Saad p. 177"/>
 
Her mother Qutaylah came to visit her in Medina, bringing gifts of dates, ghee, and mimosa leaves. Asma would not admit her to the house or accept the gifts until she had sent her sister Aisha to consult with Muhammad. Muhammad advised that it was correct for Asma to show hospitality to her mother”<ref name="Bewley/Saad p. 178"/>
 
Asma and Al-Zubayr had eight children.
 
# [[Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr|Abd Allah]]
# al-Mundhir.
# Asim.
# al-Muhajir.
# Khadija.
# Umm al-Hasan.
# A’isha.
# [[Urwah ibn Zubayr|Urwah]], a major transmitter of a[[hadith]].<ref>Bewley/Saad p. 176.</ref>
 
Asma was unhappy in her married life, for al-Zubayr was "the most jealous of people" and "hard on her."<ref name="Bewley/Saad p. 177"/> He took three additional wives in Medina, and "whenever Zubayr was angry with one of us, he used to beat her until the stick broke."<ref>[http://ali-dashti-23-years.tripod.com/#womeninislam/ Cited in Dashti, A. ''Bist O Seh Sal''. Translated by Bagley, F. R. C. (1994). ''Twenty Three Years: A Study of the Prophetic Career of Mohammad'', “Women in Islam”. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811081757/http://ali-dashti-23-years.tripod.com/#womeninislam/ |date=2011-08-11 }} from Tabari's ''Tahthib al-Athar'' and Zamakhshari's ''Al-Kashshaaf''.</ref> She complained to her father, who advised her: “My daughter, be patient. When a woman has a righteous husband and he dies and she does not remarry after him, they will be reunited in the Garden.”<ref name="Bewley/Saad p. 177"/> Another of al-Zubayr's wives, [[Umm Kulthum bint Uqba]], also complained of his "harshness" and "pestered" him into divorcing her after only a few months.<ref>Bewley/Saad p. 163.</ref>
 
Al-Zubayr eventually divorced Asma "and took Urwa, who was young at that time."<ref>Bewley/Saad p. 179.</ref>
 
==The Battle of Yarmouk==
 
The [[Battle of the Yarmuk]] in 636 is regarded as one of the most decisive battles in military history. The Muslims were hugely outnumbered by the Byzantines but, with the help of the women and the young boys amongst them, they drove the [[Byzantine Empire]] out of Syria.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nafziger |first=George F. |title=Islam at war: a history |url=https://archive.org/details/islamatwarhistor0000nafz |last2=Walton |first2=Mark W. |date=2003 |publisher=Praeger |isbn=978-0-275-98101-3 |location=Westport (Conn.) |pages=[https://archive.org/details/islamatwarhistor0000nafz/page/6 6],30}}</ref>
 
Women like Hind bint Utbah and Asma bint Abi Bakr<ref>''Islamic Conquest of Syria'': A translation of ''Fatuhusham'' by al-Imam al-Waqidi Translated by Mawlana Sulayman al-Kindi Pages 325, 331-334, 343–344, 352–353 {{cite web|url=http://www.kalamullah.com/conquest-of-syria.html |title=Kalamullah.Com &#124; the Islamic Conquest of Syria (Futuhusham) &#124; al-Imam al-Waqidi |access-date=2013-09-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012011525/http://www.kalamullah.com/conquest-of-syria.html |archive-date=2013-10-12 }}</ref><ref name="fordham.edu">al-Baladhuri 892 [19–20] from ''The Origins of the Islamic State'', being a translation from the Arabic of the ''Kitab Futuh al-Buldha'' of Ahmad ibn-Jabir al-Baladhuri, trans. by P. K. Hitti and F. C. Murgotten, Studies in History, Economics and Public Law, LXVIII (New York, Columbia University Press, 1916 and 1924), I, 207–211 {{cite web|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/yarmuk.html |title=Medieval Sourcebook: Al-Baladhuri: The Battle of the Yarmuk (636) |access-date=2016-02-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011231907/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/yarmuk.html |archive-date=2013-10-11 }}</ref> were instrumental in the Battle of the Yarmuk. The earliest histories pay great tribute to Asmā's bravery there.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} Al-Waqidi wrote that the Quraysh women fought harder than the men. Every time the men ran away, the women fought, fearing that if they lost, the Byzantines would enslave them.''<ref name="kalamullah.com">''Islamic Conquest of Syria'': A translation of ''Fatuhusham'' by al-Imam al-Waqidi Translated by Mawlana Sulayman al-Kindi Page 331-332 {{cite web|url=http://www.kalamullah.com/conquest-of-syria.html |title=Kalamullah.Com &#124; the Islamic Conquest of Syria (Futuhusham) &#124; al-Imam al-Waqidi |access-date=2013-09-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012011525/http://www.kalamullah.com/conquest-of-syria.html |archive-date=2013-10-12 }}</ref>
 
==Asma's opposition to Yazid==
 
Asma's son, Abdallah, and his cousin, [[Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr]], were both grandsons of Abu Bakr and nephews of Aisha. When [[Husayn ibn Ali]] was martyred in Karbala, Abdallah, who had been Husayn's friend, collected the people of Mecca and rose up against [[Yazid I|Yazid]]. When he heard about this, Yazid had a silver chain made and sent to Mecca with the intention of having [[Al-Walid ibn Utba ibn Abi Sufyan|al-Walid ibn Utbah]] arrest Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr with it.<ref name="Najeebabadi, Akbar Shah 2001 pp. 110">Najeebabadi, Akbar Shah (2001). ''The History of Islam'' vol. 2, p. 110. Riyadh: Darussalam. {{ISBN|9960892883}}.</ref> In Mecca and Medina Hussein's family had a strong support base, and the people were willing to stand up for them. Hussein's remaining family moved back to Madina. Eventually Abdullah consolidated his power by sending a governor to Kufa. Soon Abdullah established his power in Iraq, southern Arabia, the greater part of Syria and parts of Egypt.
 
Yazid tried to end Abdallah's rebellion by invading the [[Hejaz]], and he took Medina after the [[Battle of al-Harrah]] followed by the siege of Mecca. His sudden death ended the campaign and threw the [[Umayyad]]s into disarray, with civil war eventually breaking out. After the Umayyad civil war ended, Abdullah lost Egypt and whatever he had of Syria to [[Marwan I]]. This, coupled with the [[Kharijite]] rebellions in Iraq, reduced his domain to only the Hejaz.
 
Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr was finally defeated by [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]], who sent [[Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf]]. Abdallah asked his mother what he should do, then left to take on Hajjaj. Hajjaj's army was defeated and Abdallah died on the battlefield in 692 CE. The defeat of Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr re-established [[Umayyad]] control over the Empire.
 
A few years later in 740 CE the people of Kufa called [[Zayd ibn Ali]], the grandson of Hussein, over to Kufa. [[Zaidiyyah|Zaydis]] believe that in Zayd's last hour, he was also betrayed by the people of Kufa,."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brelvi |first=Mahmud |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2HpIAAAAMAAJ&q=zayd+ibn+ali+betrayed |title=Islam Re-defined: An Intelligent Man's Guide Towards Understanding Islam |date=1979 |publisher=Brelvi |pages=54 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fadl |first=Khaled Abou El |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JhvPnC5NnzMC&dq=abu+hanifa+Zayd+ibn+Ali++prison&pg=PA72 |title=Rebellion and Violence in Islamic Law |date=2001 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-79311-7 |pages=72 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Al-Tabari, ''The waning of the Umayyad Caliphate'', Carole Hillenbrand, 1989, pp. 37, 38.</ref><ref>The Encyclopedia of Religion Vol.16, Mircea Eliade, Charles J. Adams, Macmillan, 1987, p243. ''"They were called "Rafida by the followers of Zayd”''</ref>
 
===692: Death===
Asma died a few days after her son who was killed on Tuesday 17 Jumada al-Ula in 73 AH".<ref>Bewley/Saad 8, p. 180.</ref> Asma died when she was 100 years (lunar) old.<ref>[[Ibn Kathir]], ''[[Al Bidayah wa al-Nihayah|Al-Bidayah wa’l-nihayah]]'', Vol. 8, p. 372, Dar al-fikr al-`arabi, Al-jizah, 1933</ref><ref>[[Ibn Hajar Asqalani]], ''[[Tahdhib al-Tahdhib]]'', p. 654, Arabic, Bab fi’l-nisa’, al-harfu’l-alif, [[Lucknow]]</ref><ref>Siyar A’lama-nubala, Al-Zahabi, Vol. 2, pg 289, Arabic, Muassasatu-risalah, 1992</ref>
{{quote|Asma was 17th person who became Muslim and she was 10 years older than her sister, Aisha. She passed away ten days after death of her son while she was 100 years old and all of her teeth were healthy. It was in the year 73 AH<ref>{{Cite book|title = Merghah Almafatih : Sharh Meshkat Almasabih|last =Al_Qari |first = Ali |pages = 331}}</ref>}}
 
==See also==
*[[List of Sahabah]]
*[[Sunni view of the Sahaba]]
*[[Aisha]]
*[[Second Fitna]]
 
==References==
{{reflist|3}}
 
==Further reading==
* [http://www.ummah.co/asma-bint-abu-bakr-radiallahu-anha/ Asma bint Abu Bakr (RadiAllahu anha) on Ummah.co]
 
{{Authority control}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Asma' Bint Abu Bakr}}
[[Category:Women companions of the Prophet]]
[[Category:Abu Bakr family]]
[[Category:Children of Rashidun caliphs]]
[[Category:590s births]]
[[Category:692 deaths]]
[[Category:7th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:Sahabah hadith narrators]]
 
▲== Keberanian dan kebaikannya ==
▲Adalah Asma' r.a digelari dengan sebutan ''Dzatun-nithaqaini'' (ذَاتُ النِّطَاقَتَيْنِ) atau ''Wanita yang Memiliki Dua Ikat Pinggang'' oleh sebab kisahnya yang diriwayatkan oleh [[Imam Bukhari]] dalam kitab ''[[Shahih Bukhari|Shahih]]''-nya.<ref name="fathulbari">{{aut|[[Ibnu Hajar Al 'Asqalani|al-'Asqalani, Ibnu Hajar]]; Amiruddin (penerjemah)}} (2006). ''[[Fathul Bari|Fathul Bari: Penjelasan Kitab Shahih Al Bukhari]]''. Jilid 16. Hlm.395. [[Jakarta]]: Pustaka 'Azzam. ISBN 979-3002-94-8.</ref> Sebagaimana diriwayatkan, bahwa dirinya membuat bekal untuk [[Rasulullah]] {{saw}} ketika hendak hijrah menuju [[Madinah]]. Dia tak punya sesuatu guna mengikatkan makanan dan minuman untuk beliau — selain ikat pinggangnya saja. Setelah mengadukannya pada [[Abu Bakar ash-Shiddiq]], maka ayahnya memerintahkan agar membelah ikat pinggangnya dan Asma' pun melakukannya. Karena itulah, ia digelari dengan sebutan tersebut.<ref name=fathulbari/>
 
== Perawi hadis ==
 
Asma meriwayatkan 58 hadis dari Nabi {{saw}}, di antara muridnya, [[Abdullah bin Zubair]], [[Urwah bin az-Zubair|'Urwah bin Zubair]], [[Abdullah bin Abbas]] dan lain-lain. 13 hadis yang disepakati Bukhari dan Muslim, 5 hadis diriwayatkan Bukhari saja, 4 hadis diriwayatkan Muslim saja.<ref>https://www.alukah.net/culture/0/125033// diakses 23 November 2018</ref>
 
== Referensi ==
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Asma%27_binti_Abu_Bakar"