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'''Wahhabisme''' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْوَهَّابِيَةُ|translit=al-Wahhābiyyah}}) atau '''Wahabi'''{{Efn|Menurut Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia VI Daring (KBBI VI Daring; versi pembaruan pada Oktober 2023), Wahabi adalah aliran reformasi ultrakonservatif Islam yang berkembang dari dakwah seorang teolog muslim Arab Saudi pada abad ke-18 yang bernama Muhammad bin ‘Abdul-Wahhāb.}} adalah sebuah gerakan [[Islah|reformis]] di dalam [[Islam Sunni|Islam Sunni]], berdasarkan ajaran dari ulama [[Hanbali|Hambali]] pada abad ke-18, [[Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab]] ({{Circa|1703–1792}})<ref>{{harvnb|Esposito|2003|loc="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab"|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=E324pQEEQQcC&pg=PA123 123]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Knowles |first=Elizabeth |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803120333822 |title=Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and the Fable |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005 |isbn=9780198609810 |edition=2nd |quote=Wahhabi.. sebuah sekte Muslim Sunni ortodoks yang didirikan oleh Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab (1703–92). Ini menganjurkan kembali ke Islam awal Al-Qur'an dan Sunnah}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Commins|2006|p=vi}} "Apa itu Misi Wahhabi?... Pengamat netral bisa mendefinisikan misi Wahhabi sebagai gerakan reformasi agama yang diasosiasikan dengan ajaran Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab (1703–1792)"</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kerr, Wright |first=Anne, Edmund |title=A Dictionary of World History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9780199685691 |edition=3rd |quote=Wahhabism...The doctrine of an Islamic reform movement founded by Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al‐Wahhab (1703–92)... It is based on the Sunni teachings of Ibn Hanbal (780–855)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahsan |first=Sayyid |title=Trends in Islam in Saudi Arabia |publisher=Aligarh Muslim University |year=1987 |location=Department of Islamic Studies, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh |pages=141–142 |chapter=Chapter – IV Foundations of the Saudi State – ll : Reforms of Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author-last=Wagemakers |author-first=Joas |title=Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |year=2021 |isbn=978-90-04435544 |editor1-last=Cusack |editor1-first=Carole M. |editor1-link=Carole M. Cusack |series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion |volume=21 |location=Leiden and Boston |page=341 |chapter=Part 3: Fundamentalisms and Extremists – The Citadel of Salafism |doi=10.1163/9789004435544_019 |issn=1874-6691 |editor2-last=Upal |editor2-first=M. Afzal |editor2-link=Afzal Upal |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Political Islam in the Age of Democratization |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-1137313492 |editor1-last=Bokhari |editor1-first=Kamran |location=New York |pages=81–100 |chapter=Conditionalist Islamists: The Case of the Salafis |doi=10.1057/9781137313492_5 |editor2-last=Senzai |editor2-first=Farid |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ThiuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA81}}</ref> Istilah "Wahabisme" pada dasarnya adalah [[eksonim]]; istilah ini tidak digunakan oleh Ibnu Abdul Wahhab sendiri atau penganut gerakan tersebut, yang biasanya lebih suka disebut sebagai ''"[[Salafiyah|"Salafi"]]"'' (istilah ''Salafi'' juga digunakan oleh pengikut gerakan reformasi Islam lainnya).{{efn|Pengikut awal gerakan ini menyebut diri mereka sebagai ''[[Muwahhidun|Muwahhidūn]]''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bonacina |first=Giovanni |title=The Wahhabis Seen through European Eyes (1772–1830): Deists and Puritans of Islam |publisher=Brill |year=2015 |isbn=978-90-04-29301-4 |location=Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands |chapter=1:A Deistic Revolution in Arabia|pages=12–40}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Coller |first=Ian |title=Muslims and Citizens: Islam, Politics, and the French Revolution |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2022 |isbn=978-0-300-24336-9 |location=New Haven, USA |pages=151, 235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bessel, Guyatt, Rendall |first1=Richard, Nicholas, Jane |title=War, Empire and Slavery, 1770–1830 |last2=Bayley |first2=C. A. |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-230-54532-8 |location=175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 |pages=21–41 |chapter=1: The ‘Revolutionary Age’ in the Wider World, c. 1790–1830}}</ref> ({{lang-ar|الموحدون|lit="orang yang mengakui keesaan Tuhan" atau "Unitarian"|links=no}}) berasal dari istilah ''[[Tauhid]]'' (keesaan Tuhan). Istilah "Wahabisme" juga digunakan sebagai sektarian<ref>{{harvnb|Commins|2006|pp=vi, 137, 192}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Daly Metcalf|first=Barbara|jstor=j.ctt7zvmm2|title=Islamic Revival in British India: Deoband, 1860–1900|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1982|pages=271–72, 279}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=H. Cordesman|first=Anthony |date=31 December 2002|title=Saudi Arabia Enters The 21st Century: IV. Opposition and Islamic Extremism Final Review|url=https://www.csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/media/csis/pubs/s21_04.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiFp7-1rbzuAhXUV3wKHcKTAu8QFjAFegQICxAB&usg=AOvVaw1Rp_wrGdqoASa8cDzjUiXq|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223180655/https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/media/csis/pubs/s21_04.pdf|archive-date=23 December 2020|website=Center for Strategic and International Studies|pages=8–9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Reem|first=Abu|date=1 April 2007 |title=The Wahhabi Myth: Debunking the Bogeyman |url=https://muslimmatters.org/2007/04/01/the-wahhabi-myth-debunking-the-bogeyman/ |website=Muslim Matters |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129021851/https://muslimmatters.org/2007/04/01/the-wahhabi-myth-debunking-the-bogeyman/ |archive-date=29 November 2020}}</ref> dan cercaan [[Islamofobia]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atkin |first=Muriel |date=2000 |title=The Rhetoric of Islamophobia |url=https://www.ca-c.org/online/2000/journal_eng/eng01_2000/16.atkin.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925070024/https://www.ca-c.org/online/2000/journal_eng/eng01_2000/16.atkin.shtml |archive-date=25 September 2021 |website=CA&C Press |quote="In political, as well as religious matters, any Muslim who challenges the status quo is at risk of being labeled a Wahhabi. This is how the KGB and its post-Soviet successors have used the term"}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khalid |first=Adeeb |year=2003 |title=A Secular Islam: Nation, State and Religion in Uzbekistan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3879864 |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=573–598 |doi=10.1017/S0020743803000242 |jstor=3879864 |s2cid=162710583 |via=JSTOR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Knysh |first=Alexander |year=2004 |title=A Clear and Present Danger: "Wahhabism" as a Rhetorical Foil |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1571334 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=9–13 |jstor=1571334 |quote="The use of the term to label all distasteful opponents has become so routine in post–Soviet discourse that Feliks Kulov, then Minister for National Security in Kyrgyzstan, could speak in 1997 of “foreign Wahhabi emissaries, from Iran in particular”.."People accused of being “Wahhabis” are routinely charged with treason and subversion against the state" |via=JSTOR}}</ref>}}
{{Islamisme sidebar|Movements}}
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{{Sunni|Movements}}
'''Wahhabisme''' ({{lang-ar|ٱلْوَهَّابِيَةُ|translit=al-Wahhābiyyah}}) adalah sebuah gerakan [[Islah|reformis]] di dalam [[Islam Sunni|Islam Sunni]], berdasarkan ajaran dari ulama [[Hanbali]] pada abad ke-18, [[Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab]] ({{Circa|1703–1792}})<ref>{{harvnb|Esposito|2003|loc="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab"|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=E324pQEEQQcC&pg=PA123 123]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Knowles |first=Elizabeth |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803120333822 |title=Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and the Fable |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005 |isbn=9780198609810 |edition=2nd |quote=Wahhabi.. sebuah sekte Muslim Sunni ortodoks yang didirikan oleh Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab (1703–92). Ini menganjurkan kembali ke Islam awal Al-Qur'an dan Sunnah}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Commins|2006|p=vi}} "Apa itu Misi Wahhabi?... Pengamat netral bisa mendefinisikan misi Wahhabi sebagai gerakan reformasi agama yang diasosiasikan dengan ajaran Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab (1703–1792)"</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kerr, Wright |first=Anne, Edmund |title=A Dictionary of World History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9780199685691 |edition=3rd |quote=Wahhabism...The doctrine of an Islamic reform movement founded by Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al‐Wahhab (1703–92)... It is based on the Sunni teachings of Ibn Hanbal (780–855)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahsan |first=Sayyid |title=Trends in Islam in Saudi Arabia |publisher=Aligarh Muslim University |year=1987 |location=Department of Islamic Studies, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh |pages=141–142 |chapter=Chapter – IV Foundations of the Saudi State – ll : Reforms of Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author-last=Wagemakers |author-first=Joas |title=Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |year=2021 |isbn=978-90-04435544 |editor1-last=Cusack |editor1-first=Carole M. |editor1-link=Carole M. Cusack |series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion |volume=21 |location=Leiden and Boston |page=341 |chapter=Part 3: Fundamentalisms and Extremists – The Citadel of Salafism |doi=10.1163/9789004435544_019 |issn=1874-6691 |editor2-last=Upal |editor2-first=M. Afzal |editor2-link=Afzal Upal |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Political Islam in the Age of Democratization |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-1137313492 |editor1-last=Bokhari |editor1-first=Kamran |location=New York |pages=81–100 |chapter=Conditionalist Islamists: The Case of the Salafis |doi=10.1057/9781137313492_5 |editor2-last=Senzai |editor2-first=Farid |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ThiuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA81}}</ref> Istilah "Wahabisme" pada dasarnya adalah eksonim; istilah ini tidak digunakan oleh Ibnu Abdul Wahhab sendiri atau penganut gerakan tersebut, yang biasanya lebih suka disebut sebagai ''[[Salafiyah|"Salafi"]]'' (istilah ''Salafi'' juga digunakan oleh pengikut gerakan reformasi Islam lainnya).{{efn|Pengikut awal gerakan ini menyebut diri mereka sebagai ''[[Muwahhidun|Muwahhidūn]]''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bonacina |first=Giovanni |title=The Wahhabis Seen through European Eyes (1772–1830): Deists and Puritans of Islam |publisher=Brill |year=2015 |isbn=978-90-04-29301-4 |location=Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands |chapter=1:A Deistic Revolution in Arabia|pages=12–40}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Coller |first=Ian |title=Muslims and Citizens: Islam, Politics, and the French Revolution |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2022 |isbn=978-0-300-24336-9 |location=New Haven, USA |pages=151, 235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bessel, Guyatt, Rendall |first1=Richard, Nicholas, Jane |title=War, Empire and Slavery, 1770–1830 |last2=Bayley |first2=C. A. |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-230-54532-8 |location=175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 |pages=21–41 |chapter=1: The ‘Revolutionary Age’ in the Wider World, c. 1790–1830}}</ref> ({{lang-ar|الموحدون|lit="orang yang mengakui keesaan Tuhan" atau "Unitarian"|links=no}}) berasal dari istilah ''[[Tauhid]]'' (keesaan Tuhan). Istilah "Wahabisme" juga digunakan sebagai sektarian<ref>{{harvnb|Commins|2006|pp=vi, 137, 192}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Daly Metcalf|first=Barbara|jstor=j.ctt7zvmm2|title=Islamic Revival in British India: Deoband, 1860–1900|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1982|pages=271–72, 279}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=H. Cordesman|first=Anthony |date=31 December 2002|title=Saudi Arabia Enters The 21st Century: IV. Opposition and Islamic Extremism Final Review|url=https://www.csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/media/csis/pubs/s21_04.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiFp7-1rbzuAhXUV3wKHcKTAu8QFjAFegQICxAB&usg=AOvVaw1Rp_wrGdqoASa8cDzjUiXq|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223180655/https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/media/csis/pubs/s21_04.pdf|archive-date=23 December 2020|website=Center for Strategic and International Studies|pages=8–9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Reem|first=Abu|date=1 April 2007 |title=The Wahhabi Myth: Debunking the Bogeyman |url=https://muslimmatters.org/2007/04/01/the-wahhabi-myth-debunking-the-bogeyman/ |website=Muslim Matters |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129021851/https://muslimmatters.org/2007/04/01/the-wahhabi-myth-debunking-the-bogeyman/ |archive-date=29 November 2020}}</ref> dan cercaan [[Islamofobia]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atkin |first=Muriel |date=2000 |title=The Rhetoric of Islamophobia |url=https://www.ca-c.org/online/2000/journal_eng/eng01_2000/16.atkin.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925070024/https://www.ca-c.org/online/2000/journal_eng/eng01_2000/16.atkin.shtml |archive-date=25 September 2021 |website=CA&C Press |quote="In political, as well as religious matters, any Muslim who challenges the status quo is at risk of being labeled a Wahhabi. This is how the KGB and its post-Soviet successors have used the term"}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khalid |first=Adeeb |year=2003 |title=A Secular Islam: Nation, State and Religion in Uzbekistan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3879864 |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=573–598 |doi=10.1017/S0020743803000242 |jstor=3879864 |s2cid=162710583 |via=JSTOR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Knysh |first=Alexander |year=2004 |title=A Clear and Present Danger: "Wahhabism" as a Rhetorical Foil |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1571334 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=9–13 |jstor=1571334 |quote="The use of the term to label all distasteful opponents has become so routine in post–Soviet discourse that Feliks Kulov, then Minister for National Security in Kyrgyzstan, could speak in 1997 of “foreign Wahhabi emissaries, from Iran in particular”.."People accused of being “Wahhabis” are routinely charged with treason and subversion against the state" |via=JSTOR}}</ref>}}
 
Gerakan reformasi ini didirikan di [[Semenanjung Arab|Arab tengah]] dan kemudian di [[Pegunungan Hijaz|Arab Barat Daya]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=W. Brown|first=Daniel|title=A New Introduction to Islam: Second Edition|url=https://archive.org/details/newintroductiont0000brow|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |year=2009|isbn=978-1405158077|location= Malden, MA|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newintroductiont0000brow/page/245 245]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ahmad Khan, Jones|first=MU'ĪNUDDĪN, Harford|title=A Diplomat's Report on Wahhabism of Arabia|date=March 1968|journal=Islamic Studies|volume=7|issue=1|pages=33–46|jstor=20832903}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Mattar|first=Philip|title=ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE Modern Middle East & North Africa: Second Edition|publisher=Thomson Gale|year=2004|isbn=0-028659872|location=Farmington Hills, MI|pages=1625}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Agoston, Masters|first=Gabor, Bruce|title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofot0000unse|publisher=Facts on File|year=2009|isbn=978-0816062591|location=New York|pages=587–588[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofot0000unse/page/587 587]–588}}</ref> dan diikuti terutama di [[Arab Saudi]] dan [[Qatar]]. ItuGerakan ini menentang ritual yang berkaitan dengan [[Wali|pemujaan orang suci Muslim]] (wali) dan [[Ziarah|ziarah ke makam dan tempat suci mereka]], yang tersebar luas di antara orang-orang Najd. Ibnu Abdul Wahhab dan para pengikutnya terinspirasi oleh ulama [[Hanbali]] abad ke-13 yang berpengaruh, [[Ibnu Taimiyah]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=DE BELLAIGUE|first=CHRISTOPHER|title=The Islamic Enlightenment: The Struggle Between Faith and Reason- 1798 to Modern Times|publisher=LIVERIGHT PUBLISHING CORPORATION|year=2017|isbn=978-0871403735|location=New York|pages=15–16|chapter=Chapter 1: Cairo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=W. Hughes|first=Aaron|title=Muslim Identities: An Introduction to Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/muslimidentities0000hugh|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0231161473|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/muslimidentities0000hugh/page/235 235]|chapter=Chapter 10: Encounters with Modernity}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hoover|first=Jon|title=Makers of the Muslim World: Ibn Taymiyya|publisher=One World Publications|year=2019|isbn=978-1786076892|location=London|pages=3, 11, 43, 68–69, 144}}</ref> (1263–1328 M/661 – 728661–728 H) yang menyerukan untuk kembali ke kemurnian tiga generasi pertama (''[[Salafus Shalih|Salafusshalih]]'') untuk menyingkirkan umat Islam dari hasilperkara-perkara yang tidak autentik (''[[Bid'ah|bidʻah]]''), dan menganggap karya-karyanya sebagai inti referensi ilmiah dalam teologi. SementaraMeski dipengaruhi oleh doktrin Hanbalimazhab Hambali, gerakan tersebut menolak ''[[Taqlid|taklid]]'' kepada otoritas hukum (''[[mazhab]]''), termasuk ulama yang sering dikutip seperti Ibnu Taimiyah dan [[Ibnul Qayyim al-Jauziyyah|Ibnul Qayyim]] (d. 1350 C.E/ 751 A.H).<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of Islam: New Edition Vol. XI |publisher=Brill |year=2002 |isbn=90-04127569 |editor=Peri Bearman |location=Leiden |page=39 |editor2=Thierry Bianquis |editor3=C Edmund Bosworth |editor4=E J Van Donzel |editor5=Wolfhart Heinrichs}}</ref>
 
Wahhabisme telah banyak digambarkan sebagai gerakan "ortodoks", "puritan (icalistik)", "revolusioner",<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bonacina |first=Giovanni |title=The Wahhabis Seen through European Eyes (1772–1830): Deists and Puritans of Islam |publisher=Brill |year=2015 |isbn=978-90-04-29301-4 |location=Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands |chapter=1:A Deistic Revolution in Arabia|pages=12–40}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Coller |first=Ian |title=Muslims and Citizens: Islam, Politics, and the French Revolution |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2022 |isbn=978-0-300-24336-9 |location=New Haven, USA |pages=151, 235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bessel, Guyatt, Rendall |first1=Richard, Nicholas, Jane |title=War, Empire and Slavery, 1770–1830 |last2=Bayley |first2=C. A. |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-230-54532-8 |location=175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 |pages=21–41 |chapter=1: The ‘Revolutionary Age’ in the Wider World, c. 1790–1830}}</ref> danserta sebagaimerupakan "gerakan reformasi" Islam untuk memulihkanmemurnikan "ibadah [[monoteistik]] murni" oleh para penganutnya. Secara sosial-politik, gerakan tersebut merupakan protes besar pertama yang dipimpin oleh Arab terhadap Turki, Kekaisaran Persia, dan bangsa asing yang mendominasi [[duniaDunia Muslim|Dunia Islam]] sejak [[Invasi Mongol ke Suriah|Invasi Mongol]] dan jatuhnya [[Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah]] pada abad ke-13; dan kemudian berfungsi sebagai dorongan revolusioner untuk abad ke-19 [[pan-Arabisme]] abad ke-19.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Bernard |title=The Shaping of the Modern Middle East |url=https://archive.org/details/shapingofmodernm0000lewi |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1994 |isbn=0-19-507281-2 |location=198 Madison Avenue, New York |chapter=5: The Revolt of Islam|page=[https://archive.org/details/shapingofmodernm0000lewi/page/103 103]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tibi |first=Bassam |title=Arab nationalism: A Critical Enquiry |publisher=The Macmillan Press Ltd |year=1990 |isbn=978-1-349-20804-3 |edition=Second |location=London, UK |pages=162 |translator-last=Farouk Sluglett, Peter Sluglett |translator-first=Marion, Peter}}</ref> Pada 1744, Ibnu ʿAbdul Wahhab membentuk pakta dengan pemimpin lokal, [[Muhammad bin Saud]],; yang menghasilkan aliansi politik-agama yang berlanjut selama 150 tahun berikutnya, yang berpuncakpuncak secarapolitisnya politis denganadalah proklamasi berdirinya [[Arab Saudi|Kerajaan Arab Saudi]] pada tahun 1932. GerakannyaAkhirnya, padagerakan akhirnya akantersebut muncul sebagai salah satu tren reformasi [[anti-kolonial|antikolonial]] abad ke-18 yang paling berpengaruh yang menyebar ke seluruh Dunia IslamMuslim; menganjurkan untuk kembali ke nilai-nilai Islam yang murni berdasarkan [[Al-Qur'an]] dan [[Sunnah]] untuk membangkitkan kembali kekuatan sosial dan politik [[Muslim]]; dan tema-tema revolusionernya mempengaruhi banyak [[kebangkitan Islam]]is, cendekiawan, ideolog, dan aktivis [[Pan-Islamisme|pan-IslamisIslamisme]] ideolog dan aktivis [[anti-kolonial]] sejauhhingga [[Afrika Barat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Motadel |first=David |title=Islam and the European Empires |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-966831-1 |location=Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom |pages=19–20 |chapter=Introduction}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Murzik Kobo |first=Ousman |title=Unveiling Modernity in Twentieth-Century West African Islamic Reforms |publisher=Brill |year=2012 |isbn=978-90-04-21525-2 |location=Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands |pages=221, 277, 283–285}}</ref>
 
Selama lebih dari dua abad hingga saat ini, ajaran Ibnu Abdul Wahhab diperjuangkan sebagai bentuk resmi [[Islam]] dan kredo dominan di tiga Negara Saudi. Pada 2017, perubahan kebijakan agama Saudi oleh [[Putra Mahkota Arab Saudi|Putra Mahkota]] [[Muhammad bin Salman]] telah menyebabkan tindakan keras yang meluas terhadap [[Islamisme|Islamis]] di Arab Saudi dan seluruh [[Dunia Arab|Dunia Arab]]. Pada tahun 2018, Putra Mahkota Saudi Muhammad bin Salman, membantah bahwa ada orang yang "dapat mendefinisikan Wahhabisme ini" atau bahkan keberadaannya. Pada tahun 2021, memudarnya kekuatan para ulama yang disebabkan oleh perubahan sosial, agama, ekonomi, politik, dan kebijakan pendidikan baru yang menegaskan "identitas nasional Saudi" yang menekankan komponen non-Islam telah menyebabkanmenghasilkan apasesuatu yang disebutdikenal sebagai "[[Sejarah Wahhabisme#Era Pasca-Wahhabi|era pasca-Wahhabi]]" Arab Saudi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 June 2021|title=Saudi Arabia seeks religious reset as clerical power wanes|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1630509|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620163808/https://www.dawn.com/news/1630509|archive-date=20 June 2021|website=Dawn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Alhussein|first=Eman|date=19 June 2019|title=Saudi First: How hyper-nationalism is transforming Saudi Arabia|url=https://ecfr.eu/publication/saudi_first_how_hyper_nationalism_is_transforming_saudi_arabia/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906031038/https://ecfr.eu/publication/saudi_first_how_hyper_nationalism_is_transforming_saudi_arabia/|archive-date=6 September 2021|website=ECFR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Farouk, J. Brown|first=Yasmine, Nathan|date=7 June 2021|title=Saudi Arabia's Religious Reforms Are Touching Nothing but Changing Everything|url=https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/06/07/saudi-arabia-s-religious-reforms-are-touching-nothing-but-changing-everything-pub-84650|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619081314/https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/06/07/saudi-arabia-s-religious-reforms-are-touching-nothing-but-changing-everything-pub-84650|archive-date=19 June 2021|website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}}</ref> Keputusan untuk merayakan "Hari Pendirian Saudi" setiap tahun pada tanggal 22 Februari sejak tahun 2022, untuk memperingati berdirinya [[Emirat Diriyah|EmiratKeamiran Dir'iyah]] tahun 1727 oleh [[Muhammad bin Saud]], daripadaalih-alih konvensimemperingati sejarah masa lalu yang menelusuri awal darisejak [[Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab#Munculnya negara Saudi|Pakta 1744]] dari Ibnu Abdul Wahhab, telah menyebabkan Saudi "pelepasanberlepas" resmi Saudi dari para ulama secara resmi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hassan |first=Hassan |date=22 February 2022 |title=The 'Conscious Uncoupling' of Wahhabism and Saudi Arabia |url=https://newlinesmag.com/argument/the-conscious-uncoupling-of-wahhabism-and-saudi-arabia/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222102858/https://newlinesmag.com/argument/the-conscious-uncoupling-of-wahhabism-and-saudi-arabia/ |archive-date=22 February 2022 |website=Newlines Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 February 2022 |title=Saudi Arabia for first time marks its founding, downplaying conservative roots |work=The Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/international/saudi-arabia/saudi-arabia-for-first-time-marks-its-founding-downplaying-conservative-roots/amp_articleshow/89742152.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222064121/https://m.economictimes.com/news/international/saudi-arabia/saudi-arabia-for-first-time-marks-its-founding-downplaying-conservative-roots/amp_articleshow/89742152.cms |archive-date=22 February 2022 |via=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=23 February 2022 |title=Riyadh celebrates the state's founding, downplays the role of Wahhabi Islam |work=Asia News |url=https://www.asianews.it/news-en/Riyadh-celebrates-the-state%E2%80%99s-founding,-downplays-the-role-of-Wahhabi-Islam-55214.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303165437/https://www.asianews.it/news-en/Riyadh-celebrates-the-state%E2%80%99s-founding,-downplays-the-role-of-Wahhabi-Islam-55214.html |archive-date=3 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alamer |first=Sultan |date=23 February 2022 |title=The Saudi 'Founding Day' and the Death of Wahhabism |url=https://agsiw.org/the-saudi-founding-day-and-the-death-of-wahhabism/#:~:text=On%20January%2027%2C%20King%20Salman,the%20decree%2C%20in%20February%201727. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304085933/https://agsiw.org/the-saudi-founding-day-and-the-death-of-wahhabism/ |archive-date=4 March 2022 |website=AGSIW}}</ref>
 
== Etimologi ==
Baris 39 ⟶ 35:
|first=Hamid
|title=Wahhabism: A Critical Essay
|url=https://archive.org/details/wahhabismcritica0000alga_c2v7
|date=2002
|publisher=Islamic Publications International
Baris 47 ⟶ 44:
|first=Hamid
|title=Wahhabism: A Critical Essay
|url=https://archive.org/details/wahhabismcritica0000alga_c2v7
|date=2002
|publisher=Islamic Publications International
|location=Oneonta, NY
|pages=[https://archive.org/details/wahhabismcritica0000alga_c2v7/page/33 33]–34
|pages=33–34
|quote=[Algar mencantumkan beberap hal yang melibatkan syafaat dalam doa, bahwa paham Wahhabi percaya praktik itu melanggar asas ''tauhid al-`ibada'' (mengarahkan semua penyembahan hanya kepada Allah)]. Semua praktik yang diduga menyimpang dapat dibenarkan dengan referensi tradisi, konsensus, dan hadits, seperti yang telah dijelaskan oleh banyak ulama Sunni dan Syiah, yang telah membahas fenomena Wahhabisme. Jika bukan itu masalahnya, keyakinan bahwa ''ziyarah'' atau ''tawassul'' tidak bermanfaat, tidak dapat dijadikan alasan logis untuk mengutuk iman seseorang, dan mengeluarkannya dari Islam.}}</ref> sebagai [[kafir]].
* Kesepakatan bin Saud untuk melakukan jihad guna menyebarkan ajaran Ibn Abdul Wahhab lebih berkaitan dengan praktik penyerbuan tradisional Najd - "perjuangan naluriah untuk bertahan hidup dan nafsu untuk mencari keuntungan" - ketimbang motivasi agama;<ref name=Kepel-159/>
Baris 57 ⟶ 55:
|first=Hamid
|title=Wahhabism: A Critical Essay
|url=https://archive.org/details/wahhabismcritica0000alga_c2v7
|date=2002
|publisher=Islamic Publications International
|location=Oneonta, NY
|pages=[https://archive.org/details/wahhabismcritica0000alga_c2v7/page/4 4]–5
|pages=4–5
|quote=Adalah sebuah kesalahan jika memikirkan Wahhabisme berasal dari gerakan reformasi yang meluas di dunia Muslim, atau bahwa hal itu sesuai dengan pola umum 'pembaharuan' (tajdid) yang kemudian berlangsung di Timur Tengah, di Asia Selatan, di Afrika dan tempat lain. Semua gerakan itu sebagian besar berbeda sifatnya dari Wahhabisme, yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam konteks spesifik waktu mereka sendiri sebagai pengecualian, penyimpangan, atau paling tidak sebuah anomali.}}</ref>
* Tidak seperti tokoh pembaharu lainnya, Abd ul-Wahhab menunjukkan sedikit kecakapan intelektual - sedikit menulis dan bahkan jarang membuat essai;<ref name=Algar-17>{{cite book
Baris 66 ⟶ 65:
|first=Hamid
|title=Wahhabism: A Critical Essay
|url=https://archive.org/details/wahhabismcritica0000alga_c2v7
|date=2002
|publisher=Islamic Publications International
|location=Oneonta, NY
|pages=[https://archive.org/details/wahhabismcritica0000alga_c2v7/page/14 14]–15, 17
|pages=14–15, 17
}}</ref>