Bahasa Inggris India: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif

← Revisi sebelumnya

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan

VisualTeks wiki

Revisi per 15 Maret 2016 19.23 sunting Wagino Bot (bicara \| kontrib) Bot 4.157.822 suntingan k →Bacaan tambahan: minor cosmetic change ← Revisi sebelumnya		Revisi terkini sejak 10 Mei 2024 17.39 sunting balikkan InternetArchiveBot (bicara \| kontrib) Bot 695.973 suntingan Add 1 book for Wikipedia:Pemastian (20240509)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot
(9 revisi perantara oleh 4 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1: '''Bahasa Inggris India''' adalah berbagai bentuk dari karakteristik [[bahasa Inggris]] di [[subbenua India]].{{Sfn\|Sedlatschek\|2009\|p=1\|ps=: Today many regional varieties of English, or Englishes exist around the globe and are slowly but steadily gaining recognition. Indian English (IndE) is one of the oldest.}} Bahasa Inggris adalah [[lingua franca]] di India dan merupakan bahasa [[elit]] politik dan budaya mereka, yang memiliki dampak ekonomi dan sosial bagi para pemakai bahasanya.<ref name=NYT031915>{{cite news\|author1=Aatish Taseer\|title=How English Ruined Indian Literature\|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/22/opinion/sunday/how-english-ruined-indian-literature.html\|accessdate=21 Maret 2015\|work=The New York Times\|date=19 Maret 2015\|quote=It has created a linguistic line as unbreachable as the color line once was in the United States.}}</ref> Meskipun bahasa Inggris adalah salah satu dari dua puluh dua bahasa resmi di India pada masa sekarang, hanya beberapa ratus ribu orang India yang menjadikan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa pertama mereka.<ref>[[Sensus India]]'s [http://www.censusindia.gov.in/ Indian Census], Issue 25, 2003, pp 8–10, (Feature: Languages of West Bengal in Census and Surveys, Bilingualism and Trilingualism).</ref><ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/statement9.htm FAMILY-WISE GROUPING OF THE 122 SCHEDULED AND NON-SCHEDULED LANGUAGES] – [[Sensus India 2001]]</ref><ref>Tropf, Herbert S. 2005. [http://www.lilaproject.org/docs/India%20and%20its%20Languages%20v1.0.pdf India and its Languages] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308101143/http://www.lilaproject.org/docs/India%20and%20its%20Languages%20v1.0.pdf \|date=2008-03-08 }}. Siemens AG, Munich</ref><ref>For the distinction between "English Speakers," and "English Users," please see: TESOL-India (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages)], [http://tesol-india.ac.in/EnglishTeachingIndustry/en/india-worlds-second-largest-english-speaking-country India: World's Second Largest English-Speaking Country] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204102506/http://tesol-india.ac.in/EnglishTeachingIndustry/en/india-worlds-second-largest-english-speaking-country \|date=2010-12-04 }}. Their article explains the difference between the 350 million number mentioned in a previous version of this Wikipedia article and the current number: {{cquote\|"Wikipedia's India estimate of 350 million includes two categories – "English Speakers" and "English Users". The distinction between the Speakers and Users is that Users only know how to read English words while Speakers know how to read English, understand spoken English as well as form their own sentences to converse in English. The distinction becomes clear when you consider China's numbers. China has over 200 million that can read English words but, as anyone can see on the streets of China, only a few million are English speakers."}}</ref><ref>An analysis of the 2001 Census of India, [http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-14/india/28117934_1_second-language-speakers-urdu published in 2010] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504030941/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-14/india/28117934_1_second-language-speakers-urdu \|date=2011-05-04 }}, concluded that approximately 86 million Indians reported English as their second language, and another 39 million reported it as their third language. No data was available whether these individuals were English speakers or users.</ref> Menurut [[Survei Perkembangan Manusia India]] 2005, dari 41,554 rumah tangga yang disurvei dikabarkan bahwa 72 persen pria (29918) tidak dapat berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris, 28 persen (11635) dapat mengetahui beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris, dan lima persen (2077) dapat berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris. Sementara pada kaum wanita, persentase menyatakan bahwa 83 persen (34489) tidak dapat berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris, 17 persen (7064) dapat mengetahui beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris, dan 3 persen (1246) dapat berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris.<ref>{{cite journal\|title=HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA\|journal=OUP\|year=2005\|url=http://www.ncaer.org/downloads/Reports/HumanDevelopmentinIndia.pdf\|access-date=2015-06-20\|archive-date=2014-01-16\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116214009/http://www.ncaer.org/downloads/Reports/HumanDevelopmentinIndia.pdf\|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Bahasa Inggris India umumnya menggunakan [[sistem penomoran India]]. ==~~Lihat~~ ~~pula~~Catatan == ~~==Catatan==~~ {{reflist}} == Referensi == * {{citation\|last=Balasubramanian\|first=Chandrika\|title=Register Variation in Indian English\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RB04Ay545rwC&\|year=2009\|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing\|isbn=90-272-2311-4}} * {{citation\|last1=Ball\|first1=Martin J.\|last2=Muller\|first2=Nicole\|title=Phonetics for Communication Disorders\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-pnKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA289\|year=2014\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=978-1-317-77795-3\|pages=289–}} * {{citation\|last=Baumgardner\|first=Robert Jackson (editor)\|title=South Asian English: Structure, Use, and Users\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=750-0hSmo8YC\|year=1996\|publisher=University of Illinois Press\|isbn=978-0-252-06493-7}} * {{cite book\|author=Braj B. Kachru\|title=The Indianisation of English: the English language in India\|url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_W8-AQM-070\|year=1983\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|isbn=0-19-561353-8}} * {{citation\|last=Gargesh\|first=Ravinder\|editor=Braj Kachru et al\|others=\|title=The Handbook of World Englishes\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PpeXINCnDbIC&pg=PA90\|date=17 February 2009\|publisher=John Wiley & Sons\|isbn=978-1-4051-8831-9\|pages=90–\|chapter=South Asian Englishes}} * {{citation\|last=Hickey\|first=Raymond\|title=Legacies of Colonial English: Studies in Transported Dialects\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OqUBUgW_Ax8C&pg=PA536\|year=2004\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|isbn=978-0-521-83020-1\|pages=536–\|chapter=South Asian English}} * {{citation\|last=Lange\|first=Claudia\|title=The Syntax of Spoken Indian English\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3N_fJZn4yKAC\|year=2012\|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing\|isbn=90-272-4905-9}} * {{citation\|last=Mehrotra\|first=Raja Ram\|title=Indian English: Texts and Interpretation\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BEgEE4XSvDcC\|year=1998\|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing\|isbn=90-272-4716-1}} * {{citation\|last=Sailaja\|first=Pingali\|editor=Bayer, Josef (ed); Bhattacharya, Tanmoy (ed); Babu, M. T. Hany (ed)\|title=Linguistic Theory and South Asian Languages: Essays in honour of K. A. Jayaseelan\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xac5AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA252\|year=2007\|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company\|isbn=978-90-272-9245-2\|pages=~~249–267~~249–267\|chapter=Writing Systems and Phonological Awareness}} * {{citation\|last=Sailaja\|first=Pingali\|title=Indian English\|series=Series: Dialects of English\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ntxWxuoRBiwC\|year=2009\|publisher=Edinburgh University Press\|isbn=978-0-7486-2595-6}} * {{citation\|last=Schilk\|first=Marco\|title=Structural Nativization in Indian English Lexicogrammar\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uFuev8aYFtEC\|year=2011\|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing\|isbn=90-272-0351-2}} * {{citation\|last=Sedlatschek\|first=Andreas\|title=Contemporary Indian English: Variation and Change\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7f3BHKdMUiQC\|series=Series: Varieties of English Around the World\|year=2009\|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing\|isbn=90-272-4898-2}} == Bacaan tambahan == * {{cite book\|title=HOBSON-JOBSON: Being a glossary of Anglo-Indian colloquial words and phrases\|author=Henry Yule\|authorlink=Henry Yule\|author2=[[Arthur Coke Burnell]] \|publisher=John Murray, London\|year=1886\|isbn=\|page=\|url=http://archive.org/stream/cu31924012794628#page/n7/mode/2up\|ref= }} * {{cite book \|isbn=0-521-28541-0 \|first=J C Baris 32 ⟶ 31: \|year=1982 }} * {{cite book\|first1=Marco\|last1=Schilk\|title=Structural Nativization in Indian English Lexicogrammar\|url=http://www.uni-giessen.de/cms/faculties/f05/engl/ling/publications/schilk2011\|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing\|date= undefined\|isbn=9027203512\|accessdate=19 December 2014\|archive-date=2012-10-29\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029025450/http://www.uni-giessen.de/cms/faculties/f05/engl/ling/publications/schilk2011\|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book\|author=Whitworth, George Clifford\|title=An Anglo-Indian dictionary: a glossary of Indian terms used in English, and of such English or other non-Indian terms as have obtained special meanings in India\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.45332\|publisher=K. Paul, Trench\|year = 1885}} == Pranala luar == * {{Wayback \|date=20130531024023 \|url=http://www.confluence.org.uk/2008/12/02/the-english-project-and-the-english-language-in-india-christopher-mulvey \|title=English in India }} * [http://www.eltaworld.com English Language Proficiency Test (E-SAT) conducted by English Language Teachers Association, Andhra Pradesh (ELTA) for classes 4 to 10] * [http://www.soundcomparisons.com/Eng/Direct/Englishes/SglLgIndianEnglishStandard.htm 'Hover & Hear' pronunciations in a Standard Indian English accent] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020110640/http://www.soundcomparisons.com/Eng/Direct/Englishes/SglLgIndianEnglishStandard.htm \|date=2009-10-20 }}, and compare side by side with other English accents from around the World. * [http://www.languageinindia.com/junjul2002/baldridgeindianenglish.html "Linguistic and Social Characteristics of Indian English" by Jason Baldridge]: A rather thorough analysis of Indian language published by the "Language In India" magazine. * [http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=5675 On the future of Indian English], by [[Gurcharan Das]]. * [http://www.languageinindia.com/aug2004/dlamallikarjun1.html An exploration into linguistic majority-minority relations in India], by B. Mallikarjun. * [http://www.india-seminar.com/2001/500/500%20dharma%20kumar.htm 108 varieties of Indian English], Dharma Kumar, ''India Seminar'', 2001 (Volume 500). * [http://www.quora.com/India/What-are-some-English-phrases-and-terms-commonly-heard-in-India-but-rarely-used-elsewhere/answer/Pushpendra-Mohta What are some English phrases and terms commonly heard in India but rarely used elsewhere?], Pushpendra Mohta 2012. [[~~kategori~~Kategori:Bahasa di India\|Inggris India]] [[~~kategori~~Kategori:~~bahasa~~Bahasa Inggris]]