Hari Ibu: Perbedaan antara revisi

|image = Northern Pacific Railway Mother's Day card 1915.JPGpng

|caption = Kartu pos yang diterbitkan oleh [[Northern Pacific Railway]] untuk Hari Ibu di Amerika Serikat pada tahu2ntahun 1915

|observedbytype = Hampir = seluruh dunia

|dateobservedby = Lebih dari = Variatif; menurut75 negara

|relatedto = [[Hari Ayah]], [[Hari OrangtuaOrang Tua]], [[Hari Anak]]

'''Hari Ibu''' adalah hari peringatan atau perayaan terhadap peran seorang [[ibu]] dalam keluarganya, baik untuk suami, anak-anak, maupun lingkungan sosialnya.

Peringatan dan perayaan biasanya dilakukan dengan membebastugaskankanmembebastugaskan ibu dari tugas domestik yang sehari-hari dianggap merupakan kewajibannya, seperti memasak, merawat anak, dan urusan rumah tangga lainnya.

Di [[Indonesia]], hari ibu dirayakan pada tanggaltiap [[22 Desember]] dan ditetapkan sebagai perayaan nasional.

Sementara di [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]] dan lebih dari 75 negara lain, seperti [[Australia]], [[Kanada]], [[Jerman]], [[Italia]], [[Jepang]], [[Belanda]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], [[Taiwan]], dan [[Hong Kong]], Hari Ibu atau ''Mother's Day'' (dalam bahasa Inggris) dirayakan pada hari Minggu diAhad pekan kedua bulan [[Mei]]. Di beberapa negara Eropa dan Timur Tengah, [[Hari Perempuan Internasional]] atau ''International Women's Day'' diperingati setiap tanggal [[8 Maret]].

Hari ibu di [[Amerika Serikat]] dirayakan pertama kali pada tahun 1908, ketika [[Anna Jarvis]] mengadakan peringatan atas kematian ibunya di [[Grafton, West Virginia]].<ref name="O'Reilly2010">{{cite book|last=O'Reilly|first=Andrea|title=Encyclopedia of Motherhood|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediamoth00orei|accessdate=11 Mei 2014|date=6 April 2010|publisher=Sage Publications (CA)|isbn=978-1-4522-6629-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediamoth00orei/page/602 602]}}</ref> Pada 1908, [[Kongres Amerika Serikat]] menolak proposal untuk menjadikan Hari Ibu sebagai hari libur nasional.<ref name="RiceTedesco2015" /> Pada 1911, seluruh negara bagian di Amerika Serikat menjadikan Hari Ibu sebagai hari libur.<ref name="RiceTedesco2015">{{cite book|author1=Connie Park Rice|author2=Marie Tedesco|title=Women of the Mountain South: Identity, Work, and Activism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P0fkBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT29|date=15 Maret 2015|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-8214-4522-8|pages=29–|access-date=2015-12-21|archive-date=2023-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815065419/https://books.google.com/books?id=P0fkBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT29|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pada 1914, [[Woodrow Wilson]] menandatangani deklarasi untuk menjadikan Hari Ibu sebagai hari libur nasional.<ref name="deseret2014">[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865602516/Mothers-Day-100-year-history-a-colorful-tale-of-love-anger-and-civic-unrest.html Mother's Day 100-year history a colorful tale of love, anger and civic unrest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512220324/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/865602516/Mothers-Day-100-year-history-a-colorful-tale-of-love-anger-and-civic-unrest.html |date=2019-05-12 }}, Deseret News, 6 Mei 2014</ref>

Hari Ibu di Indonesia dirayakan secara nasional pada tanggal 22 Desember. Tanggal ini diresmikan oleh Presiden [[Soekarno]] di bawah Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia No. 316 Tahun 1959 tanggal 16 Desember 1959, pada ulang tahun ke-25 Kongres Perempuan Indonesia 1928. Tanggal tersebut dipilih untuk merayakan semangat wanita Indonesia dan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran berbangsa dan bernegara. Kini, arti Hari Ibu telah banyak berubah, [[dimana]] hari tersebut kini diperingati dengan menyatakan rasa cinta terhadap kaum ibu. Orang-orang saling bertukar hadiah dan menyelenggarakan berbagai acara dan kompetisi, seperti lomba memasak dan memakai [[kebaya]].<ref name="wardhani">{{cite web |title= In observance of Mother's Day |author= Wardhani, Lynda K. |work= [[The Jakarta Post]] |date= 22 December 2010 |url= http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/12/22/in-observance-mother’s-day.html |access-date= 2021-11-04 |archive-date= 2016-03-04 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204032/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/12/22/in-observance-mother%E2%80%99s-day.html |dead-url= yes }}</ref>

Hari Ibu <ref>{{cite web|url=https://beritawarganet.com/twibbon-hari-ibu-2021-sampaikan-sayang-kepada-ibu-di-sini/|title=Twibbon Hari Ibu|publisher=UN|access-date=2021-12-06|archive-date=2023-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609142524/https://beritawarganet.com/twibbon-hari-ibu-2021-sampaikan-sayang-kepada-ibu-di-sini/|dead-url=no}}</ref> di Indonesia dirayakan pada ulang tahun hari pembukaan [[Kongres Perempuan Indonesia]] yang pertama, yang digelar dari 22 hingga 25 Desember 1928.<ref name="indonesia"/><ref name="bulbeck"/> Kongres ini diselenggarakan di sebuah gedung bernama Dalem Jayadipuran,<ref>[http://www.javanologi.info/main/index.php?page=agenda&id=102 Dalem Jayadipuran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721214311/http://www.javanologi.info/main/index.php?page=agenda&id=102 |date=2011-07-21 }}, Balai Pelestarian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Yogyakarta</ref> yang kini merupakan kantor Balai Pelestarian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional di Jl. Brigjen Katamso, [[Yogyakarta]]. Kongres ini dihadiri sekitar 30 organisasi wanita dari 12 kota di [[Jawa]] dan [[SumateraSumatra]]. Di Indonesia, organisasi wanita telah ada sejak 1912, terinspirasi oleh pahlawan-pahlawan wanita Indonesia pada abad ke-19 seperti [[Kartini]], [[Martha Christina Tiahahu]], [[Cut Nyak Meutia]], [[Maria Walanda Maramis]], [[Dewi Sartika]], [[Nyai Ahmad Dahlan]], [[Rasuna Said]], dan sebagainya.<ref name="indonesia">{{citation |title= Sejarah Perayaan Nasional Hari Ibu 22 Desembe |author= seenthing |date= 21 December 2010 |url= http://www.shvoong.com/writing-and-speaking/ezines-and-newsletters/2089852-sejarah-perayaan-nasional-hari-ibu/ |accessdate= 2013-04-21 |archive-date= 2015-12-22 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151222091608/http://www.shvoong.com/writing-and-speaking/ezines-and-newsletters/2089852-sejarah-perayaan-nasional-hari-ibu/ |dead-url= yes }}</ref> Kongres dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan hak-hak perempuan di bidang pendidikan dan pernikahan.<ref name="robinson"/>

Indonesia juga merayakan [[Hari Kartini]] pada 21 April, untuk mengenang aktivis wanita [[Raden Ajeng Kartini]]. Ini merupakan perayaan terhadap emansipasi perempuan.<ref name="bulbeck">{{citation |title= Sex, Love and Feminism in the Asia Pacific: A Cross-cultural Study of Young People's Attitudes |series= ASAA women in Asia |author= Chilla Bulbeck |publisher= Routledge |year= 2009 |isbn= 9781134104697 |url= http://books.google.es/books?id=chqofjVED54C&pg=PA94&lpg=PA94&dq=mother's%27s+day+indonesia&source=bl&ots=luKvRo2DKd&sig=o1E7OBDaKYB_Yabpr-QNAJo_YnU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1CccUKKnAqb80QWzmIC4AQ&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=mother's%20day%20indonesia&f=false |accessdate= 2013-04-21 |archive-date= 2023-08-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230815065422/https://books.google.es/books?id=chqofjVED54C&pg=PA94&lpg=PA94&dq=mother%27s+day+indonesia&source=bl&ots=luKvRo2DKd&sig=o1E7OBDaKYB_Yabpr-QNAJo_YnU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1CccUKKnAqb80QWzmIC4AQ#v=onepage&q=mother's%20day%20indonesia&f=false |dead-url= no }}</ref> Peringatan tanggal ini diresmikan pada Kongres Perempuan Indonesia 1938.<ref name="robinson">{{citation |title= Gender, Islam and Democracy in Indonesia |series= ASAA women in Asia |author= Kathryn Robinson |publisher= Routledge |year= 2009 |pages= 3, 36, 44, 72 |isbn= 9781134118830 |url= http://books.google.es/books?id=V9OBgXw7m1kC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=mother's%27s+day+indonesia&source=bl&ots=F3SIjMrLsn&sig=-Nd2jHMaE9FaqRYovpIPLCQALZs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1CccUKKnAqb80QWzmIC4AQ&ved=0CEkQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=mother's%20day%20indonesia&f=false |accessdate= 2013-04-21 |archive-date= 2023-08-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230815065427/https://books.google.es/books?id=V9OBgXw7m1kC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=mother%27s+day+indonesia&source=bl&ots=F3SIjMrLsn&sig=-Nd2jHMaE9FaqRYovpIPLCQALZs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1CccUKKnAqb80QWzmIC4AQ#v=onepage&q=mother's%20day%20indonesia&f=false |dead-url= no }}</ref> Pada saat Presiden Soekarno menetapkan [[Kartini]] sebagai pahlawan nasional emansipasi wanita dan hari lahir Kartini sebagai memperingati hari emansipasi wanita nasional., Tetapitetapi banyak warga Indonesia yang memprotes dengan berbagai alasan, di antaranya Kartini hanya berjuang di [[Jepara]] dan [[Rembang]], Kartini lebih pro-[[Belanda]] daripada tokoh wanita seperti [[Cut Nyak Dien]], dll. Karena [[Soekarno]] sudah terlanjur menetapkan [[Hari Kartini]] maka Soekarno berpikir bagaimana cara memperingati pahlawan wanita selain [[Kartini]] seperti [[Martha Christina Tiahahu]], [[Cut Nyak Meutia]], [[Maria Walanda Maramis]], [[Dewi Sartika]], [[Nyai Ahmad Dahlan]], [[Rasuna Said]], dll. Akhirnya Soekarno memutuskan membuat [[Hari Ibu Nasional]] sebagai hari mengenang pahlawan wanita alias pahlawan kaum ibu-ibu dan seluruh warga Indonesia menyetujuinya.{{fact}}

Hari Ibu telah berasimilasi dengan kultur [[India]],<ref>{{cite web |title= Social change in India discussed |work= Times of India |author= TTN |date= 13 March 2004 |url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-13/lucknow/28330092_1_globalisation-tribals-discussion |quote= Prof Bradley Hartel from Virginia, USA, reiterated that cultural and artistic exchanges have led to a confluence of ideas and traditions between India and USA. He said that India is unique in it's &#91;sic&#93; adaptability of new cultures as is exemplified by integrating Valentine's Day or Mother's Day, etc, into it's &#91;sic&#93; list of numerous festivals despite the many protests. He stressed that many traditions are being universalised in a global world. |access-date= 2013-12-22 |archive-date= 2012-10-27 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121027142535/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-13/lucknow/28330092_1_globalisation-tribals-discussion |dead-url= yes }}</ref> dan dirayakan setiap hari Minggu kedua bulan Mei.<ref>{{citation |title= Kyunki saas bhi toh maa hai! |author= Charu Amar |work= The Times of India |date= 1 May 2009 |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/specialcoverage/articleshowpics/4471483.cms |quote= Mention Mother's Day and everyone goes on a thinking spree to find the most innovative way to pamper their mommy dearest. |accessdate= 2013-12-22 |archive-date= 2022-05-18 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220518061424/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/specialcoverage/articleshowpics/4471483.cms |dead-url= no }}</ref> Di India, para ibu dianggap sebagai dewi atas anak-anak mereka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Motherhood|url=http://www.hinduism.co.za/motherho.htm|work=http://www.hinduism.co.za/|accessdate=8 May 2013|archive-date=2021-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502060417/http://www.hinduism.co.za/motherho.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>

{{negara|Georgia}} [[Georgia (negara)|Georgia]]<ref name="georgia">{{cite web |title= Bidzina Ivanishvili Congratulates Mothers on Mother’s Day |date= 3 Maret 2013 |publisher= [[InterPressNews]] (IPN) |language= bahasa Inggris |url= http://www.interpressnews.ge/en/society/45055-bidzina-ivanishvili-congratulates-mothers-on-mothers-day.html?ar=A |access-date= 2015-12-21 |archive-date= 2021-04-18 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210418021323/https://www.interpressnews.ge/en/society/45055-bidzina-ivanishvili-congratulates-mothers-on-mothers-day.html?ar=A |dead-url= no }}</ref>

{{negara|Palestine}} [[Palestina]] {{br}} {{negara|Qatar}}[[Qatar]] {{br}}

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|valign="top" colspan="6" width="150"|

{{negara|South Korea}} [[Korea Selatan]] ([[Hari Orangtua]]) {{br}}

{{negara|China}} [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]]†<ref>{{cite web | title = It's Mother's Day | author = Xinhua from [[China Daily]] | publisher = SCUEC online | date = 2006-05-16 | url = http://news.scuec.edu.cn/english/viewtext1.php?id=556 | access-date = 2009-09-12 | archive-date = 2009-03-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090305053657/http://news.scuec.edu.cn/english/viewtext1.php?id=556 | dead-url = yes }}</ref>{{br}}

{{negara|Cuba}} [[Kuba]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.enlace.cu/efemeride/mayo.htm | title = Principales efemérides. Mes Mayo | publisher = [[Unión de Periodistas de Cuba]] | accessdate = 2008-06-07 | archive-date = 2012-05-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120505222909/http://www.enlace.cu/efemeride/mayo.htm | dead-url = yes }}</ref>{{br}}

{{negara|Peru}} [[Peru]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.drelm.gob.pe/index.php?p=art&menu=49 | title = Calendario Cívico Escolar | publisher = Dirección Regional de Educación de Lima Metropolitana | accessdate = 2008-06-07 | archive-date = 2015-09-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150909215742/http://www.drelm.gob.pe/index.php?p=art&menu=49 | dead-url = yes }}</ref>{{br}}

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{{negara|PerancisPrancis}} [[PerancisPrancis]] (Minggu pertama pada bulan Juni yang bertepatan dengan [[Pentakosta]]) {{br}}

{{negara|PerancisPrancis}} [[PerancisPrancis Antilles]] (Minggu pertama pada bulan Juni yang bertepatan [[Pentakosta]]) {{br}}

* {{cite web | url = http://www.discoverhaiti.com/history_holidays.htm | publisher = discoverhaiti.com | title = Haiti: Main Holidays | accessdate = 2008-07-08 | archive-date = 2009-06-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090618052337/http://www.discoverhaiti.com/history_holidays.htm | dead-url = yes }}

* {{cite web | url = http://www.haiti-reference.com/histoire/calendrier-fetes.html | title = 6310.- Fêtes et Jours Fériés en Haiti | language = french | accessdate = 2008-07-08 | archive-date = 2008-04-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080401102516/http://www.haiti-reference.com/histoire/calendrier-fetes.html | dead-url = yes }} {{fr icon}}</ref> {{br}}

{{flag|Iran}} <ref name="iranpresident">{{Cite web | url = http://www.president.ir/en/print.php?ArtID=10405 | title = Ahmadinejad highlights women's significant role in society | date = 2008-06-24 | publisher = Presidency of The Islamic Republic of Iran News Service | accessdate = 2008-07-19 | quote = (...) the occasion of the Mother's Day marking the birthday anniversary of [[Fatimah|Hazrat Fatemeh Zahra]] (SA), the beloved daughter of Prophet [[Mohammad]]. The day fell on June 23 [2008]. | archiveurl =http https://web.archive.org/web/20110928173038/http://www.president.ir/en/print.php?ArtID=10405 | archivedate = 2011-09-28 | dead-url = no }}</ref>

* {{Cite book|title = Consumer Rites: The Buying and Selling of American Holidays|author = Schmidt, Leigh Eric|edition = reprint, illustrated|editor = Princeton University Press|year = 1997|pages = 256–275|isbn = 0-691-01721-2|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=maF8mTPsJqsC|editor-link = Princeton University Press|access-date = 2013-12-22|archive-date = 2023-08-15|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230815065422/https://books.google.com/books?id=maF8mTPsJqsC&hl=en|dead-url = no}}

* {{Cite book|title = The Modernization of Fatherhood: A Social and Political History|author = Larossa, Ralph|edition = illustrated|editor = University of Chicago Press|year = 1997|isbn = 0-226-46904-2|pages = 90,170–192|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=rkkIKQVu26cC&pg=PA90-IA3&vq=mother's%27s+day&dq=%22Ann+Jarvis%22+OR+%22Anna+Jarvis%22+%22mother's%27s+day%22|editor-link = University of Chicago Press|access-date = 2013-12-22|archive-date = 2023-08-15|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230815065926/https://books.google.com/books?id=rkkIKQVu26cC&pg=PA90-IA3&vq=mother%27s+day&dq=%22Ann+Jarvis%22+OR+%22Anna+Jarvis%22+%22mother%27s+day%22&hl=en|dead-url = no}}

* {{Cite book|title = Reconciling Modernity: Urban State Formation in 1940s León, Mexico|first = Daniel|last = Newcomer|edition = illustrated|publisher = [[University of Nebraska Press]]|year = 2004|isbn = 9780803233492|pages = 132–139|url = http://books.google.es/books?id=sQlmr7IkvJcC&pg=PA132&dq=%22mother%27s+day%22+virgin+mary+UNS+Soledad|access-date = 2013-12-22|archive-date = 2023-08-15|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230815065925/https://books.google.es/books?id=sQlmr7IkvJcC&pg=PA132&dq=%22mother%27s+day%22+virgin+mary+UNS+Soledad&hl=es|dead-url = no}}

* {{Cite book|title = The Mexican Right: The End of Revolutionary Reform, 1929–1940|first = John W.|last = Sherman|edition = illustrated|publisher = [[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|year = 1997|isbn = 9780275957360|page = 44|url = http://books.google.es/books?id=h29VKMtmzzcC&pg=PA44&dq=mother%27s+day+virgin+mary1|access-date = 2013-12-22|archive-date = 2023-08-15|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230815065924/https://books.google.es/books?id=h29VKMtmzzcC&pg=PA44&dq=mother%27s+day+virgin+mary1&hl=es|dead-url = no}}

* {{id}} [http://www.kemsos.go.id//modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=943 Sejarah Hari Ibu (bukan mothers day)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226203033/http://www.kemsos.go.id/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=943 |date=2016-12-26 }}

* {{id}} [http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0612/22/opini/3191965.htm Meluruskan Salah Kaprah Peringatan Hari Ibu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100508084211/http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0612/22/opini/3191965.htm |date=2010-05-08 }}

* {{id}} [http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0501/31/swara/1527829.htm Mengembalikan Akar Sejarah Hari Ibu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229023658/http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0501/31/swara/1527829.htm |date=2010-12-29 }}

* {{id}} [http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0412/20/swara/1445591.htm Hari Ibu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226033509/http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0412/20/swara/1445591.htm |date=2010-12-26 }}