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Baris 1: {{Infobox Holiday \| \|holiday_name = Hari Ibu \|image = ~~Northern Pacific Railway~~ Mother's Day ~~card 1915~~.~~JPG~~png \|caption = Kartu pos yang diterbitkan oleh [[Northern Pacific Railway]] untuk Hari Ibu di Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1915 \|type = seluruh dunia Baris 13: Peringatan dan perayaan biasanya dilakukan dengan membebastugaskan ibu dari tugas domestik yang sehari-hari dianggap merupakan kewajibannya, seperti memasak, merawat anak, dan urusan rumah tangga lainnya. Di [[Indonesia]], hari ibu dirayakan tiap [[22 Desember]] dan ditetapkan sebagai perayaan nasional. Sementara di [[Amerika Serikat\|Amerika]] dan lebih dari 75 negara, seperti [[Australia]], [[Kanada]], [[Jerman]], [[Italia]], [[Jepang]], [[Belanda]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], [[Taiwan]], dan [[Hong Kong]], Hari Ibu atau ''Mother's Day'' dirayakan pada Ahad pekan kedua [[Mei]]. Di beberapa negara Eropa dan Timur Tengah, [[Hari Perempuan Internasional]] atau ''International Women's Day'' diperingati setiap [[8 Maret]]. == Sejarah == Hari ibu di [[Amerika Serikat]] dirayakan pertama kali pada 1908, ketika [[Anna Jarvis]] mengadakan peringatan atas kematian ibunya di [[Grafton, West Virginia]].<ref name="O'Reilly2010">{{cite book\|last=O'Reilly\|first=Andrea\|title=Encyclopedia of Motherhood\|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediamoth00orei\|accessdate=11 Mei 2014\|date=6 April 2010\|publisher=Sage Publications (CA)\|isbn=978-1-4522-6629-9\|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediamoth00orei/page/602 602]}}</ref> Pada 1908, [[Kongres Amerika Serikat]] menolak proposal untuk menjadikan Hari Ibu sebagai hari libur nasional.<ref name="RiceTedesco2015" /> Pada 1911, seluruh negara bagian di Amerika Serikat menjadikan Hari Ibu sebagai hari libur.<ref name="RiceTedesco2015">{{cite book\|author1=Connie Park Rice\|author2=Marie Tedesco\|title=Women of the Mountain South: Identity, Work, and Activism\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P0fkBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT29\|date=15 Maret 2015\|publisher=Ohio University Press\|isbn=978-0-8214-4522-8\|pages=29–\|access-date=2015-12-21\|archive-date=2023-08-15\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815065419/https://books.google.com/books?id=P0fkBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT29\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Pada 1914, [[Woodrow Wilson]] menandatangani deklarasi untuk menjadikan Hari Ibu sebagai hari libur nasional.<ref name="deseret2014">[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865602516/Mothers-Day-100-year-history-a-colorful-tale-of-love-anger-and-civic-unrest.html Mother's Day 100-year history a colorful tale of love, anger and civic unrest] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512220324/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/865602516/Mothers-Day-100-year-history-a-colorful-tale-of-love-anger-and-civic-unrest.html \|date=2019-05-12 }}, Deseret News, 6 Mei 2014</ref> == Hari Ibu di berbagai negara == Baris 25: Hari Ibu di Indonesia dirayakan secara nasional pada tanggal 22 Desember. Tanggal ini diresmikan oleh Presiden [[Soekarno]] di bawah Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia No. 316 Tahun 1959 tanggal 16 Desember 1959, pada ulang tahun ke-25 Kongres Perempuan Indonesia 1928. Tanggal tersebut dipilih untuk merayakan semangat wanita Indonesia dan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran berbangsa dan bernegara. Kini, arti Hari Ibu telah banyak berubah, [[dimana]] hari tersebut kini diperingati dengan menyatakan rasa cinta terhadap kaum ibu. Orang-orang saling bertukar hadiah dan menyelenggarakan berbagai acara dan kompetisi, seperti lomba memasak dan memakai [[kebaya]].<ref name="wardhani">{{cite web \|title= In observance of Mother's Day \|author= Wardhani, Lynda K. \|work= [[The Jakarta Post]] \|date= 22 December 2010 \|url= http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/12/22/in-observance-mother’s-day.html \|access-date= 2021-11-04 \|archive-date= 2016-03-04 \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204032/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/12/22/in-observance-mother%E2%80%99s-day.html \|dead-url= yes }}</ref> Hari Ibu <ref>{{cite web\|url=https://beritawarganet.com/twibbon-hari-ibu-2021-sampaikan-sayang-kepada-ibu-di-sini/\|title=Twibbon Hari Ibu\|publisher=UN\|access-date=2021-12-06\|archive-date=2023-06-09\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609142524/https://beritawarganet.com/twibbon-hari-ibu-2021-sampaikan-sayang-kepada-ibu-di-sini/\|dead-url=no}}</ref> di Indonesia dirayakan pada ulang tahun hari pembukaan [[Kongres Perempuan Indonesia]] yang pertama, yang digelar dari 22 hingga 25 Desember 1928.<ref name="indonesia"/><ref name="bulbeck"/> Kongres ini diselenggarakan di sebuah gedung bernama Dalem Jayadipuran,<ref>[http://www.javanologi.info/main/index.php?page=agenda&id=102 Dalem Jayadipuran] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721214311/http://www.javanologi.info/main/index.php?page=agenda&id=102 \|date=2011-07-21 }}, Balai Pelestarian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Yogyakarta</ref> yang kini merupakan kantor Balai Pelestarian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional di Jl. Brigjen Katamso, [[Yogyakarta]]. Kongres ini dihadiri sekitar 30 organisasi wanita dari 12 kota di [[Jawa]] dan [[Sumatra]]. Di Indonesia, organisasi wanita telah ada sejak 1912, terinspirasi oleh pahlawan-pahlawan wanita Indonesia pada abad ke-19 seperti [[Kartini]], [[Martha Christina Tiahahu]], [[Cut Nyak Meutia]], [[Maria Walanda Maramis]], [[Dewi Sartika]], [[Nyai Ahmad Dahlan]], [[Rasuna Said]], dan sebagainya.<ref name="indonesia">{{citation \|title= Sejarah Perayaan Nasional Hari Ibu 22 Desembe \|author= seenthing \|date= 21 December 2010 \|url= http://www.shvoong.com/writing-and-speaking/ezines-and-newsletters/2089852-sejarah-perayaan-nasional-hari-ibu/ \|accessdate= 2013-04-21 \|archive-date= 2015-12-22 \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151222091608/http://www.shvoong.com/writing-and-speaking/ezines-and-newsletters/2089852-sejarah-perayaan-nasional-hari-ibu/ \|dead-url= yes }}</ref> Kongres dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan hak-hak perempuan di bidang pendidikan dan pernikahan.<ref name="robinson"/> Indonesia juga merayakan [[Hari Kartini]] pada 21 April, untuk mengenang aktivis wanita [[Raden Ajeng Kartini]]. Ini merupakan perayaan terhadap emansipasi perempuan.<ref name="bulbeck">{{citation \|title= Sex, Love and Feminism in the Asia Pacific: A Cross-cultural Study of Young People's Attitudes \|series= ASAA women in Asia \|author= Chilla Bulbeck \|publisher= Routledge \|year= 2009 \|isbn= 9781134104697 \|url= http://books.google.es/books?id=chqofjVED54C&pg=PA94&lpg=PA94&dq=mother's%27s+day+indonesia&source=bl&ots=luKvRo2DKd&sig=o1E7OBDaKYB_Yabpr-QNAJo_YnU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1CccUKKnAqb80QWzmIC4AQ&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=mother's%20day%20indonesia&f=false \|accessdate= 2013-04-21 \|archive-date= 2023-08-15 \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230815065422/https://books.google.es/books?id=chqofjVED54C&pg=PA94&lpg=PA94&dq=mother%27s+day+indonesia&source=bl&ots=luKvRo2DKd&sig=o1E7OBDaKYB_Yabpr-QNAJo_YnU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1CccUKKnAqb80QWzmIC4AQ#v=onepage&q=mother's%20day%20indonesia&f=false \|dead-url= no }}</ref> Peringatan tanggal ini diresmikan pada Kongres Perempuan Indonesia 1938.<ref name="robinson">{{citation \|title= Gender, Islam and Democracy in Indonesia \|series= ASAA women in Asia \|author= Kathryn Robinson \|publisher= Routledge \|year= 2009 \|pages= 3, 36, 44, 72 \|isbn= 9781134118830 \|url= http://books.google.es/books?id=V9OBgXw7m1kC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=mother's%27s+day+indonesia&source=bl&ots=F3SIjMrLsn&sig=-Nd2jHMaE9FaqRYovpIPLCQALZs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1CccUKKnAqb80QWzmIC4AQ&ved=0CEkQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=mother's%20day%20indonesia&f=false \|accessdate= 2013-04-21 \|archive-date= 2023-08-15 \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230815065427/https://books.google.es/books?id=V9OBgXw7m1kC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=mother%27s+day+indonesia&source=bl&ots=F3SIjMrLsn&sig=-Nd2jHMaE9FaqRYovpIPLCQALZs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1CccUKKnAqb80QWzmIC4AQ#v=onepage&q=mother's%20day%20indonesia&f=false \|dead-url= no }}</ref> Pada saat Presiden Soekarno menetapkan [[Kartini]] sebagai pahlawan nasional emansipasi wanita dan hari lahir Kartini sebagai memperingati hari emansipasi wanita nasional, tetapi banyak warga Indonesia yang memprotes dengan berbagai alasan, di antaranya Kartini hanya berjuang di [[Jepara]] dan [[Rembang]], Kartini lebih pro-[[Belanda]] daripada tokoh wanita seperti [[Cut Nyak Dien]], dll. Karena [[Soekarno]] sudah terlanjur menetapkan [[Hari Kartini]] maka Soekarno berpikir bagaimana cara memperingati pahlawan wanita selain [[Kartini]] seperti [[Martha Christina Tiahahu]], [[Cut Nyak Meutia]], [[Maria Walanda Maramis]], [[Dewi Sartika]], [[Nyai Ahmad Dahlan]], [[Rasuna Said]], dll. Akhirnya Soekarno memutuskan membuat [[Hari Ibu Nasional]] sebagai hari mengenang pahlawan wanita alias pahlawan kaum ibu-ibu dan seluruh warga Indonesia menyetujuinya.{{fact}} === India === Hari Ibu telah berasimilasi dengan kultur [[India]],<ref>{{cite web \|title= Social change in India discussed \|work= Times of India \|author= TTN \|date= 13 March 2004 \|url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-13/lucknow/28330092_1_globalisation-tribals-discussion \|quote= Prof Bradley Hartel from Virginia, USA, reiterated that cultural and artistic exchanges have led to a confluence of ideas and traditions between India and USA. He said that India is unique in it's [sic] adaptability of new cultures as is exemplified by integrating Valentine's Day or Mother's Day, etc, into it's [sic] list of numerous festivals despite the many protests. He stressed that many traditions are being universalised in a global world. \|access-date= 2013-12-22 \|archive-date= 2012-10-27 \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121027142535/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-13/lucknow/28330092_1_globalisation-tribals-discussion \|dead-url= yes }}</ref> dan dirayakan setiap hari Minggu kedua bulan Mei.<ref>{{citation \|title= Kyunki saas bhi toh maa hai! \|author= Charu Amar \|work= The Times of India \|date= 1 May 2009 \|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/specialcoverage/articleshowpics/4471483.cms \|quote= Mention Mother's Day and everyone goes on a thinking spree to find the most innovative way to pamper their mommy dearest. \|accessdate= 2013-12-22 \|archive-date= 2022-05-18 \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220518061424/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/specialcoverage/articleshowpics/4471483.cms \|dead-url= no }}</ref> Di India, para ibu dianggap sebagai dewi atas anak-anak mereka.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Motherhood\|url=http://www.hinduism.co.za/motherho.htm\|work=http://www.hinduism.co.za/\|accessdate=8 May 2013\|archive-date=2021-05-02\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502060417/http://www.hinduism.co.za/motherho.htm\|dead-url=no}}</ref> == Tanggal perayaan di berbagai negara == Baris 65: \| \| colspan="6" valign="top" \| {{negara\|Georgia}} [[Georgia (negara)\|Georgia]]<ref name="georgia">{{cite web \|title= Bidzina Ivanishvili Congratulates Mothers on Mother’s Day \|date= 3 Maret 2013 \|publisher= [[InterPressNews]] (IPN) \|language= bahasa Inggris \|url= http://www.interpressnews.ge/en/society/45055-bidzina-ivanishvili-congratulates-mothers-on-mothers-day.html?ar=A \|access-date= 2015-12-21 \|archive-date= 2021-04-18 \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210418021323/https://www.interpressnews.ge/en/society/45055-bidzina-ivanishvili-congratulates-mothers-on-mothers-day.html?ar=A \|dead-url= no }}</ref> \|- \| valign="top" \| Baris 411: == Lihat pula == * [[Hari Perempuan Internasional]] * [~~https://ayubiweb.co.id~~ [Hari Ayah]] * == Referensi == Baris 419 ⟶ 418: == Daftar pustaka == {{refbegin\|30em}} * {{Cite book\|title = Consumer Rites: The Buying and Selling of American Holidays\|author = Schmidt, Leigh Eric\|edition = reprint, illustrated\|editor = Princeton University Press\|year = 1997\|pages = 256–275\|isbn = 0-691-01721-2\|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=maF8mTPsJqsC\|editor-link = Princeton University Press\|access-date = 2013-12-22\|archive-date = 2023-08-15\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230815065422/https://books.google.com/books?id=maF8mTPsJqsC&hl=en\|dead-url = no}} * {{Cite book\|title = The Modernization of Fatherhood: A Social and Political History\|author = Larossa, Ralph\|edition = illustrated\|editor = University of Chicago Press\|year = 1997\|isbn = 0-226-46904-2\|pages = 90,170–192\|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=rkkIKQVu26cC&pg=PA90-IA3&vq=mother's%27s+day&dq=%22Ann+Jarvis%22+OR+%22Anna+Jarvis%22+%22mother's%27s+day%22\|editor-link = University of Chicago Press\|access-date = 2013-12-22\|archive-date = 2023-08-15\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230815065926/https://books.google.com/books?id=rkkIKQVu26cC&pg=PA90-IA3&vq=mother%27s+day&dq=%22Ann+Jarvis%22+OR+%22Anna+Jarvis%22+%22mother%27s+day%22&hl=en\|dead-url = no}} * {{citation \|title= Reframing Dutch Culture: Between Otherness and Authenticity \|series= Progress in European Ethnology \|first=John \|last=Helsloot \|chapter= 10. Vernacular Authenticity: Negotiating Mother's Day and Father's Day in the Netherlands \|editor= Margry, Peter Jan; Roodenburg, Herman \|edition= illustrated \|publisher= [[Ashgate Publishing]] \|year= 2007 \|pages= 6–7, 203–224 \|isbn= 978-0-7546-4705-8 }} * {{Cite book\|title = Reconciling Modernity: Urban State Formation in 1940s León, Mexico\|first = Daniel\|last = Newcomer\|edition = illustrated\|publisher = [[University of Nebraska Press]]\|year = 2004\|isbn = 9780803233492\|pages = 132–139\|url = http://books.google.es/books?id=sQlmr7IkvJcC&pg=PA132&dq=%22mother%27s+day%22+virgin+mary+UNS+Soledad\|access-date = 2013-12-22\|archive-date = 2023-08-15\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230815065925/https://books.google.es/books?id=sQlmr7IkvJcC&pg=PA132&dq=%22mother%27s+day%22+virgin+mary+UNS+Soledad&hl=es\|dead-url = no}} * {{Cite book\|title = The Mexican Right: The End of Revolutionary Reform, 1929–1940\|first = John W.\|last = Sherman\|edition = illustrated\|publisher = [[Greenwood Publishing Group]]\|year = 1997\|isbn = 9780275957360\|page = 44\|url = http://books.google.es/books?id=h29VKMtmzzcC&pg=PA44&dq=mother%27s+day+virgin+mary1\|access-date = 2013-12-22\|archive-date = 2023-08-15\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230815065924/https://books.google.es/books?id=h29VKMtmzzcC&pg=PA44&dq=mother%27s+day+virgin+mary1&hl=es\|dead-url = no}} {{refend}} Baris 429 ⟶ 428: {{Commons category\|Mother's Day}} * {{id}} [http://www.kemsos.go.id//modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=943 Sejarah Hari Ibu (bukan mothers day)] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226203033/http://www.kemsos.go.id/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=943 \|date=2016-12-26 }} * {{id}} [http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0612/22/opini/3191965.htm Meluruskan Salah Kaprah Peringatan Hari Ibu] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100508084211/http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0612/22/opini/3191965.htm \|date=2010-05-08 }} * {{id}} [http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0501/31/swara/1527829.htm Mengembalikan Akar Sejarah Hari Ibu] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229023658/http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0501/31/swara/1527829.htm \|date=2010-12-29 }} * {{id}} [http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0412/20/swara/1445591.htm Hari Ibu] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226033509/http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0412/20/swara/1445591.htm \|date=2010-12-26 }} [[Kategori:Hari raya\|Ibu]]