Psikokinesis: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Psikokinesis''' (dari [[bahasa Yunani]] ψυχή, "psyche", berarti ''pikiran, jiwa, hati, atau napas''; dan κίνησις, "kinesis", berarti ''gerak, gerakan''; harfiah "pikiran-gerakan"), adalah kemampuan memanipulasi sebuah objek fisik hanya dengan pikiran semata-mata. Sebuah objek, bisa berupa benda maupun tubuh dimanipulasi dari jarak jauh. Salah satu bentuknya adalah psikokinetik <i>'''metal-bending'''</i>, yakni efek psikokinetik terhadap benda-benda [[feromagnetik]] seperti kunci, sendok, pisau atau semacamnya.

Meskipun umumnya fenomena psikokinesis direncanakan. Namun ada juga fenomena psikokinesis yang terjadi dengan spontan. Menurut para ahli parapsikologi, jika berada dalam keadaan terancam bahaya atau ketakutan yang sangat, Kita bisa dengan serta merta mengeluarkan daya psikokinetik. Misalnya saja memecahkan kaca pada saat ketakutan. Padahal itu adalah hasil daya psikokinetik yang kita keluarkan.<ref name=psikokinesis>[{{Cite web |url=http://psikologi-online.com/psikokinesis-apakah |title=Psikokinesis: Apakah? Psikologi-Online] |access-date=2012-05-23 |archive-date=2011-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209101655/http://psikologi-online.com/psikokinesis-apakah |dead-url=yes }}</ref>{{br}}

[[FileBerkas:Eksperimen moderen.jpg|leftkiri|thumbjmpl|Eksperimen Mikro-PK yang dilakukan Universitas Northampton.]]Umumnya para ahli [[parapsikologi]] membedakan adanya dua jenis psikokinesis, yakni psikokinesis-makro dan psikokinesis-mikro. '''Psikokines-makro''' adalah yang kejadiannya bisa diamati secara langsung. Seperti misalnya dalam pertunjukan di televisi seseorang sanggup membengkokkan sendok, mengangkat benda ke udara, atau tahan senjata tajam. Sedangkan '''Psikokinesis-mikro''' kejadiannya tidak bisa diamati dengan menggunakan mata telanjang. Diperlukan metode statistik tertentu untuk bisa mengetahuinya. Termasuk dalam kategori mikro adalah pengobatan jarak jauh.<ref name=psikokinesis>[http://psikologi-online.com/psikokinesis-apakah Psikokinesis: Apakah? Psikologi-Online]</ref>

Haakon Forwald (1897-1978) seorang insinyur listrik Swedia menunjukkan bahwa psikokinesis bisa terjadi karena medan gravitasi yang dihasilkan oleh tubuh yang bertindak atas [[neutron]] dalam [[atom]] pada objek.<ref>Haakon Forwald [http://books.google.co.id/books/about/Mind_matter_and_gravitation.html?id=bUJDAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y ''Mind, matter, and gravitation: a theoretical and experimental study''] Parapsychology Foundation, 1969 </ref><ref>The Biographical Dictionary Of Parapsychology [http://www.pflyceum.org/293.html Forwald, Haakon Gabriel] Taken from Helene Pleasants (1964) Biographical Dictionary of Parapsychology with Directory and Glossary 1946-1996 NY: Garrett Publications</ref>

{{cite book| author = Michael Hanlon| title = 10 Questions Science Can't Answer (Yet)| url = http://books.google.com/?id=5y-NgsrQn8MC| date = 2007-05-29| publisher = Macmillan| location = New York| isbn = 978-0-230-51758-5| pages = 165–166 }}</ref>

Dalam banyak kasus, orang yang mengaku sanggup melakukan daya psikokinetik ternyata hanya menipu. Kebanyakan hanya sulap atau ilusi, seperti yang biasa dilakukan di panggung-panggung hiburan oleh para pesulap dan ilusionis. Pada tahun 60-an, terkenal seseorang yang bernama Uri Geller. Ia berhasil membengkokkan berbagai benda metal. Pertunjukkannya sangat populer dan menakjubkan pemirsa televisi. Di studio TV, ia berhasil banyak membuat manipulasi terhadap benda-benda metal. Pada saat itu, Uri Geller bersedia untuk diuji di laboratorium. Hasilnya mengesankan. Uri Geller ternyata tidak mampu melakukan manipulasi apapun terhadap benda-benda metal di dalam kondisi laboratorium yang terkontrol. Kejadian itu kemudian dikenal dengan istilah efek geller.<ref name=psikokinesis>[http://psikologi-online.com/psikokinesis-apakah Psikokinesis: Apakah? Psikologi-Online]</ref> Gejala atau fenomena paranormal harus dibedakan dari amusemen atau rekreasi, sulap -- bukan paranormal, kebetulan, terjadi bersamaan.<ref>{{cite web

| accessdate = July 16, 2006

| accessdate = December 20, 2006}}</ref><ref>

| accessdate = July 16, 2006}}</ref><ref name=parapsych_glossary/><ref>

== referensiReferensi ==

* [http://eepinside.com/?p=172 ''Ketika Mistik Menjadi Ilmiah''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917133014/http://eepinside.com/?p=172 |date=2008-09-17 }}

* ''Minds and motion: the riddle of psychokinesis'', D. Scott Rogo, Taplinger Pub. Co., 1978.

* ''To stretch a plank: a survey of psychokinesis'', Diana Robinson, Nelson-Hall, 1981.

* {{cite book| author = William Braud| title = Distant mental influence: its contributions to science, healing, and human interactions| url = http://books.google.com/?id=WEUHAAAACAAJ| date = 2003-12| publisher = Hampton Roads Pub Co Inc| isbn = 978-1-57174-354-1}}{{Pranala mati|date=Oktober 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

* {{cite book| author = Richard John Wiseman| title = Deception & self-deception: investigating psychics| url = http://books.google.com/?id=pDMNAQAAMAAJ| year = 1997| isbn = 978-1-57392-121-3 }}

* {{cite book| author = Charles T. Tart| coauthors = Huston Smith, Kendra Smith| title = The end of materialism: how evidence of the paranormal is bringing science and spirit together| url = http://books.google.com/?id=tzZj0FHfMggC| date = 2009-03-15| publisher = Ions / Nhp| isbn = 978-1-57224-645-4 }}

* {{cite book| author = Diane Hennacy Powell| title = The ESP Enigma: The Scientific Case for Psychic Phenomena| url = http://books.google.com/?id=pvlv2efnFY0C| date = 2009-01-13| publisher = Walker & Company| isbn = 978-0-8027-1606-4 }}

* {{cite book| author = Lynne McTaggart| title = The Field: The Quest for the Secret Force of the Universe| url = http://books.google.com/?id=VtNaz_vSnIIC| date = 2007-12-18| publisher = Harper Paperbacks| isbn = 978-0-06-143518-8 }}

* {{cite book| author = James Randi| title = Flim-flam!: psychics, ESP, unicorns, and other delusions| url = http://books.google.com/?id=UHoQAQAAIAAJ| date = 1982-06-01| publisher = Pyr Books| isbn = 978-0-87975-198-2 }}

* {{cite book| author = James Houran| coauthors = Rense Lange| title = Hauntings and poltergeists: multidisciplinary perspectives| url = http://books.google.com/?id=BwTP31-3JRcC| date = 2001-06-30| publisher = McFarland & Company| isbn = 978-0-7864-0984-6 }}

* {{cite book| author = Thomas Gilovich| title = How we know what isn't so: the fallibility of human reason in everyday life| url = http://books.google.com/?id=LURGkHCPAJEC| year = 1993| publisher = Free Press| isbn = 978-0-02-911706-4 }}

=== Makalah terpublikasikan tentang PK / TK ===

* [http://www.anomalistik.de/sdm_pdfs/etzold.pdf ''Solar-periodic full moon effect in the Fourmilab RetroPsychoKinesis Project experiment data: an exploratory study''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726170402/http://www.anomalistik.de/sdm_pdfs/etzold.pdf |date=2012-07-26 }} by Eckhard Etzold ''Journal of Parapsychology'', Fall 2005.

* [http://m0134.fmg.uva.nl/research/PSI%20research/papers/39.pdf ''Does Psi Exist and Can We prove It: Belief and Disbelief in Psychokinesis Research''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621043141/http://m0134.fmg.uva.nl/research/PSI%20research/papers/39.pdf |date=2007-06-21 }} by Eckhard Etzold, presented at the Parapsychological Association Convention 2004.

* [http://www.princeton.edu/~pear/pdfs/IEEE.pdf ''The Persistent Paradox of Psychic Phenomena: An Engineering Perspective''] {{deadWebarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121083227/http://www.princeton.edu/~pear/pdfs/IEEE.pdf link|date=March2008-11-21 2012}} by Robert G. Jahn, ''(1982) Proceedings IEEE, 70, No.2, pp.&nbsp;136–170.

* [http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/37/8/1377/ "Mind over matter: Perceived success at psychokinesis"] by Victor A. Benassi, Paul D. Sweeney, and Gregg E. Drevno (1979). ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'' 37 (8) pp.&nbsp;1377–1386. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.8.1377

* ''KM Ristek - Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi.'' [http://km.ristek.go.id/assets/files/527.pdf Tinjauan Elektromagnetik Pada Kemampuan ESP (Extrasensory perception) Sebagai Kemampuan Khusus Bela diri Negara.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003062105/http://km.ristek.go.id/assets/files/527.pdf |date=2015-10-03 }} Kementrian Pertahanan RI Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan 2010.

* [http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADB097979 ''Psychokinesis and Its Possible Implication to Warfare Strategy''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009080223/http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADB097979 |date=2012-10-09 }} A 1985 study on potential military applications of psychokinesis by the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas USA. Listed at the U.S. [[Defense Technical Information Center]]'s website and available to the public through the U.S. National Technical Information Service.

* [http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0667953 ''New Correlation Between a Human Subject and a Quantum Mechanical Random Number Generator''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418224718/http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0667953 |date=2012-04-18 }} A 1967 study by Helmut Schmidt conducted at the Boeing Scientific Research Laboratory in Seattle, Washington USA that concluded: "From the results, it is tentatively concluded that there exists a weak but significant correlation between the statistical processes operative in these experiments and the experimenter who initiates the processes." Listed at the U.S. [[Defense Technical Information Center]]'s website and available to the public through the U.S. National Technical Information Service.

== Pranala luar ==

* [http://theintentionexperiment.com/the_experiments.htm The Intention Experiment] {{deadWebarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610062338/http://www.theintentionexperiment.com/the_experiments.htm link|date=March2008-06-10 2012}} A series of scientifically controlled, web-based PK experiments.

* [http://www.rhine.org/researchcurrent.htm Mind Over Matter Study] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521135409/http://www.rhine.org/researchcurrent.htm |date=2012-05-21 }} An invitation by the Rhine Research Center of Durham, North Carolina USA to submit reports of PK as part of an academic research study.

* [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1222369/Can-kill-goat-staring-eyes-Thats-plot-Hollywood-film-U-S-army-experiment.html Can you kill a goat by staring into its eyes?] ''[[Daily Mail]]'', October 23, 2009. In depth article on the U.S. military's psychic "super-soldier" program with emphasis on DMILS (Direct Mental Interaction with Living Systems).