Pengantar relativitas umum: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:Cassini-science-br.jpg|ka|jmpl|341x341px|Uji presisi tinggi relativitas umum oleh roket luar angkasa [[Cassini–Huygens|Cassini]] (gambaran pelukis): sinyal radio yang dikirim antara Bumi dan probe (gelombang hijau) yang [[Shapiro effect|tertunda]] oleh kelengkungan dari [[Ruang waktu|ruang-waktu]] (garis biru) karena massa [[Matahari]].]]

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Pada awal abad ke-20, [[Hukum gravitasi universal Newton|hukum-hukum Newton tentang gravitasi universal]] telah diterima selama lebih dari dua ratus tahun sebagai penjelasan valid dari gaya gravitasi antar massa. Dalam model Newton, gravitasi adalah hasil dari kekuatan tarik antara benda-benda besar. Meskipun bahkan Newton bermasalah dengan sifat alami gaya tersebut yang tidak diketahui, kerangka dasar ini sangat sukses dalam menggambarkan gerak.

Percobaan dan pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa deskripsi Einstein mengenai gravitasi memperhitungan beberapa efek yang tidak dapat dijelaskan oleh hukum Newton, seperti anomali menit dalam [[orbit]] dari [[Merkurius]] dan [[Planet|planet-planet]] lainnya. Relativitas umum juga memprediksi efek novel gravitasi, seperti [[gelombang gravitasi]], [[lensa gravitasi]] dan efek gravitasi pada waktu yang dikenal sebagai [[dilatasi waktu gravitasi]]. Banyak dari prediksi ini telah dikonfirmasi oleh percobaan atau pengamatan, [[pengamatan gelombang gravitasi|yang paling baru adalah gelombang gravitasi]].

 

 

Meskipun relativitas umum bukan hanya teori relativistik satu-satunya, teori ini adalah teori paling sederhana yang konsisten dengan data eksperimen. Namun demikian, sejumlah pertanyaan tetap terbuka, yang paling mendasar adalah bagaimana relativitas umum dapat digabungkan dengan hukum [[Pengantar mekanika kuantum|fisika kuantum]] untuk menghasilkan teori [[gravitasi kuantum]] yang lengkap dan konsisten.

Pada bulan September 1905, [[Albert Einstein]] menerbitkan teorinya mengenai [[relativitas khusus]], yang menggabungkan [[Hukum gerak Newton|hukum Newton tentang gerak]] dengan [[elektrodinamika]] (interaksi antara benda dengan [[muatan listrik]]). Relativitas khusus memperkenalkan kerangka kerja baru untuk ilmu fisika dengan mengusulkan konsep-konsep baru tentang [[ruang]] dan waktu. Beberapa teori fisika yang kemudian diterima inkonsisten dengan kerangka itu; contohnya adalah teori Newton tentang [[gravitasi]], yang menggambarkan saling tarik yang dialami oleh tubuh karena massa mereka.

 

 

=== Prinsip yang setara ===

== Referensi ==

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* <cite class="citation" id="CITEREFWheeler1990">Wheeler, John A. (1990), ''A Journey Into Gravity and Spacetime'', Scientific American Library, San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, [[ISBN]]&nbsp;0-7167-6034-7</cite><cite class="citation" id="CITEREFWheeler1990"></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wiki-indonesia.club%3AIntroduction+to+general+relativity&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.btitle=A+Journey+Into+Gravity+and+Spacetime&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7167-6034-7&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft.series=Scientific+American+Library&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span>

* <cite class="citation" id="CITEREFWill1993">Will, Clifford M. (1993), ''Was Einstein Right?'', Oxford University Press, [[ISBN]]&nbsp;0-19-286170-0</cite><cite class="citation" id="CITEREFWill1993"></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wiki-indonesia.club%3AIntroduction+to+general+relativity&rft.aufirst=Clifford+M.&rft.aulast=Will&rft.btitle=Was+Einstein+Right%3F&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-19-286170-0&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span>

* <cite class="citation" id="CITEREFWill2006">Will, Clifford M. (2006), [http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2006-3 "The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment"], ''Living Rev. ''</cite><cite class="citation" id="CITEREFWill2006">''Relativity'', '''9''': 3, [[arXiv]]:<span class="plainlinks">[//arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0510072 gr-qc/0510072]</span>[[Berkas:Free-to-read_lock_75.svg|pra=|14x14px|free to read]], [[Bibcode]]:[[bibcode:2006LRR.....9....3W|2006LRR.....9....3W]], [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.12942/lrr-2006-3|10.12942/lrr-2006-3]]<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-12</span></span></cite><cite class="citation" id="CITEREFWill2006"></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wiki-indonesia.club%3AIntroduction+to+general+relativity&rft.atitle=The+Confrontation+between+General+Relativity+and+Experiment&rft.aufirst=Clifford+M.&rft.aulast=Will&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livingreviews.org%2Flrr-2006-3&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fgr-qc%2F0510072&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006LRR.....9....3W&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12942%2Flrr-2006-3&rft.jtitle=Living+Rev.+Relativity&rft.pages=3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=9">&nbsp;</span>

* <cite class="citation" id="CITEREFWright2007">Wright, Ned (2007), [http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cosmolog.htm ''Cosmology tutorial and FAQ''], University of California at Los Angeles<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-12</span></span></cite><cite class="citation" id="CITEREFWright2007"></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wiki-indonesia.club%3AIntroduction+to+general+relativity&rft.aufirst=Ned&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.btitle=Cosmology+tutorial+and+FAQ&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astro.ucla.edu%2F~wright%2Fcosmolog.htm&rft.pub=University+of+California+at+Los+Angeles&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook">&nbsp;</span>

 

[[Kategori:Gravitasi]]