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Baris 1: {{Infobox military conflict \| conflict = Krisis Timor Timur 1999 \| partof = [[Dekolonisasi Asia]], [[Pendudukan Indonesia di Timor Timur]] dan [[Kejatuhan Soeharto\|Kejatuhan Suharto]] \| campaign = \| image = Destroyed houses 19.jpg \| image_size = 350px \| caption = Rumah-rumah yang hancur di [[Dili]]. \| date = April 1999 – 2005<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.police.govt.nz/about-us/programmes-and-initiatives/international-service-group-isg/past-isg-deployments\|title=Past ISG deployments\|website=New Zealand Police}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/aug/01/indonesia.theeditorpressreview\|title=The Editor briefing\|author=Guardian Staff\|date=31 Juli 2005\|website=The Guardian}}</ref> \| place = [[Timor Leste]] \| territory = \| status = Kemenangan taktis Timor Timur * Kekalahan milisi pro-Indonesia * Stabilisasi Timor Timur Baris 20: Kemenangan strategis milisi pro-Indonesia<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.ucanews.com/news/timor-leste-dancing-to-indonesias-tune-despite-20-years-of-independence/86000\|title=Timor-Leste dancing to Indonesia's tune despite 20 years of independence - UCA News\|website=ucanews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.e-ir.info/2012/04/06/failed-humanitarian-intervention-in-east-timor/\|title=Failed Humanitarian Intervention in East Timor\|date=6 April 2012}}</ref> * 80% infrastruktur Timor Timur hancur akibat [[Operasi Bumi Hangus Timor Timur\|Operasi Bumi Hangus]] \| combatant1 = {{flagcountry\|Timor Leste}}<br>[[File:INTERFET Logo.jpg\|21px]] [[Pasukan Internasional untuk Timor Timur\|INTERFET]]<br>[[File:UNTAET logo.png\|21px]] [[Administrasi Sementara PBB di Timor Timur\|UNTAET]] <br /> {{Collapsible list Baris 44: \| {{flagcountry\|Gambia}}  \| {{flagcountry\|Ghana}}  \| ~~\| {{flagcountry\|Indonesia}} ~~ \| {{flagcountry\|Irlandia}}  \| {{flagcountry\|Israel}}  Baris 87: \| {{flagcountry\|Zimbabwe}}  }} \| combatant2 = {{flagicon\|Indonesia}} [[Milisi pro-Indonesia di Timor Leste\|Milisi pro-Indonesia]]<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Robinson\|first=Geoffrey\|title=People's war: militias in East Timor and Indonesia\|url=https://history.ucla.edu/sites/default/files/u184/robinson/gr_-_peoples_war_.pdf\|journal=South East Asia Research\|year=2001\|volume=9\|issue=3\|pages=271–318\|doi=10.5367/000000001101297414\|s2cid=29365341}}</ref>▼ ~~\| combatant2 = {{flagicon\|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]] <small>(hingga September 1999)</small>~~ * {{flagicon image\|Flag of ~~the Indonesian National Armed Forces~~AITARAK.svg}} [[~~TNI~~Aitarak]] * {{flagicon image\|Flag of ~~the~~Besi ~~Indonesian~~Merah ~~National Police~~Putih.~~png~~svg}} [[~~POLRI~~Besi Merah Putih]] ~~----~~ ▲{{flagicon\|Indonesia}} [[Milisi pro-Indonesia di Timor Leste\|Milisi pro-Indonesia]]<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Robinson\|first=Geoffrey\|title=People's war: militias in East Timor and Indonesia\|url=https://history.ucla.edu/sites/default/files/u184/robinson/gr_-_peoples_war_.pdf\|journal=South East Asia Research\|year=2001\|volume=9\|issue=3\|pages=271–318\|doi=10.5367/000000001101297414\|s2cid=29365341}}</ref> * {{flagicon image\|AITARAK flag.png}} [[Aitarak]] * [[Besi Merah Putih]] * [[Garda Muda Penegak Integrasi]] * [[Laksaur]] * {{flagicon image\|Mahidi Symbol.svg}} [[Mahidi]] '''Didukung oleh:''' [[File:Lambang Kopassus.svg\|25px]] [[Komando Pasukan Khusus\|Kopassus]] (dugaan) {{flagicon image\|Flag of the Indonesian State Intelligence Agency.png}} [[Badan Intelijen Negara Republik Indonesia\|BIN]]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/indonesia-bugged-australia-20041115-gdyzv0.html\|title=Indonesia 'bugged' Australia\|date=15 November 2004\|website=The Age}}</ref> Lobi Jakarta<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://nautilus.org/publications/books/australian-forces-abroad/security-general/the-collins-allegations/\|title=The Collins allegations \| Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability\|date=19 Desember 2011\|website=nautilus.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2004/s1088231.htm\|title=PM - A look behind the 'Jakarta Lobby'\|website=www.abc.net.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2004/s1086652.htm\|title=PM - Intelligence analyst blasts the DIO\|website=www.abc.net.au}}</ref> \| commander1 = {{plainlist\| {{flagicon\|Australia}} [[John Howard]] {{flagicon\|Australia}} [[Peter Cosgrove]] Baris 110 ⟶ 106: {{flagicon\|Portugal}} Brigjen. Paulo Pereira Guerreiro {{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2002/09/44572-east-timor-mourns-death-un-peacekeeping-forces-top-military-observer\|title=East Timor mourns death of UN peacekeeping force's top military observer\|date=9 September 2002\|website=UN News}}</ref> }} \| commander2 = {{flagdeco\|Indonesia}} [[Wiranto]]<br /> {{flagdeco\|Indonesia}}{{flagicon image\|~~AITARAK~~Flag ~~flag~~of AITARAK.~~png~~svg}} [[Eurico Guterres]] <br /> {{flagdeco\|Indonesia}} Manuel de Sousa <br/>{{flagdeco\|Indonesia}} [[Olivio Mendonca Moruk]] {{KIA}} <br/> {{flagdeco\|Indonesia}} Câncio Lopez de Carvalho {{surrendered}} <ref>{{cite web \|url= https://www.ucanews.com/story-archive/?post_name=/2001/10/31/projakarta-militia-group-returns-home-to-east-timor&post_id=19470 \|title= PRO-JAKARTA MILITIA GROUP RETURNS HOME TO EAST TIMOR \|date=30 October 2001 \|publisher=UCA news\|access-date=28 January 2023 }}</ref> \| casualties1 = {{Collapsible list \|title=Daftar lengkap: \|bullets=on Baris 136 ⟶ 132: Total: 64 tewas 49 staf PBB dan LSM yang ditangkap kemudian dibebaskan<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/122568724/the-untold-story-of-the-daring-nz-sas-mission-to-rescue-un-personnel-in-west-timor\|title=The untold story of the daring NZ SAS mission to rescue UN personnel in West Timor\|date=5 September 2020\|website=Stuff}}</ref>}} \| casualties2 = {{Collapsible list \|title=Daftar lengkap: \|bullets=on \|15–19 tewas<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.nippon.com/en/currents/d00275/\|title=Japan Self-Defense Forces Participation in UN Peacekeeping: An Idea Whose Time is Past\|date=5 Desember 2016\|website=nippon.com}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.etan.org/et2005/november/07/10files.htm\|title=Files reveal East Timor clashes\|website=www.etan.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/documents-link-nz-forces-with-aussie-torture-probe/6SBFIMWEXPO4MR2J3HNU3OUV7I/\|title=Documents link NZ forces with Aussie torture probe\|website=NZ Herald}}</ref><br> 301+ ditangkap<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S5n-fTmJTBIC&q=portuguese+soldier+operation+cobra&pg=PA70\|title = Peacekeeping in East Timor: The Path to Independence\|isbn = 9781588261427\|last1 = Alcott\|first1 = Louisa May\|last2 = Smith\|first2 = Michael Geoffrey\|last3 = Dee\|first3 = Moreen\|year = 2003}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.cnn.com/ASIANOW/southeast/9909/28/e.timor.02/\|title=ASIANOW - Peacekeepers capture suspected elite forces in East Timor - September 28, 1999\|website=www.cnn.com}}</ref>}} \| casualties3 = 1.400 warga sipil tewas<br>220.000+ pengungsi<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2020/9/5f59f0174/remembering-unhcr-colleagues-killed-in-atambua-west-timor-twenty-years.html \|title=Remembering UNHCR colleagues killed in Atambua, West Timor, twenty years on \|publisher= UNHCR \|date=10 September 2020 \|access-date=26 Mei 2022}}</ref><br>3 staf UNHCR tewas<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2000/9/3ae6b81733/unhcr-confirms-three-staff-killed-west-timor-attack.html \|title=UNHCR confirms three staff killed in West Timor attack \|date=6 September 2000 \|publisher=UNHCR \|access-date=26 Mei 2022}}</ref><br>2 jurnalis tewas<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://cpj.org/2000/03/attacks-on-the-press-1999-east-timor-formerly-indo/ \|title=Attacks on the Press 1999: East Timor \|publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists \|date= 22 Maret 2000\|access-date=26 Mei 2022}}</ref><br>1 tentara Indonesia tewas<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/nz-peacekeepers-kill-indonesian-soldier/Z2KOVXHV7QRQJKGOKODFE7W5OI/\|title=NZ peacekeepers kill Indonesian soldier\|website=NZ Herald}}</ref><br>1 polisi indonesia tewas<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/interfet-fires-at-indonesian-police-near-frontier-post-1.237208?mode=amp\|title=Interfet fires at Indonesian police near frontier post\|website=www.irishtimes.com}}</ref> \| strength1 = 11,000 militer dan polisi<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://etan.org/et99c/october/24-31/25unsc.htm \| title=UNSC Authorizes UN Troops for East Timor }}</ref> \| strength2 = 13,000 milisi pro-Indonesia<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://en.tempo.co/read/911810/former-east-timor-pro-integration-militias-demand-compensation \|title=Former East Timor Pro-Integration Militias Demand Compensation \|date=27 September 2017 \|publisher= Tempco.co \|access-date=12 November 2020 }}</ref> }} {{Sejarah Timor Leste}} '''Krisis Timor Timur 1999''' atau '''Operasi Guntur''' adalah tindakan pembalasan oleh ~~Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) dan~~ [[milisi pro-Indonesia]] terhadap rakyat Timor Timur dalam rangka hasil positif referendum kemerdekaan di Timor Timur pada tanggal 30 Agustus 1999. Dimulai dengan serangan militan anti-kemerdekaan terhadap warga sipil, dan meluas menjadi kerusuhan di seluruh Timor Timur, berpusat di ibu kota [[Dili]]. Kerusuhan meletus setelah mayoritas pemilih referendum Timor Timur memilih merdeka dari [[Indonesia]]. Sekitar 1.400 penduduk tewas. Tentara yang beraliansi dengan PBB ([[INTERFET]]), yang terdiri sebagian besar dari [[Angkatan Bersenjata Australia]] dikirim ke Timor Timur untuk mengembalikan stabilitas dan menjaga perdamaian. == Latar belakang == Baris 188 ⟶ 184: [[File:Arriving Dili '99-001.jpg\|thumb\|left\|[[HMAS Jervis Bay (AKR 45)\|HMAS Jervis Bay]] di Dili pada Oktober 1999.]] [[INTERFET\|Pasukan Internasional untuk Timor Timur]], atau [[Pasukan Internasional Timor Timur\|INTERFET]], di bawah komando Mayjen [[Peter Cosgrove]], memasuki Dili pada tanggal 20 September dan pada tanggal 31 Oktober pasukan Indonesia terakhir telah meninggalkan Timor Timur.<ref name="interfet">Nevins, pp. 108–110.</ref> Kedatangan ribuan tentara internasional di Timor Timur menyebabkan milisi melarikan diri melintasi perbatasan ke Indonesia, dimana serangan lintas batas sporadis oleh milisi terhadap pasukan INTERFET dilakukan [[UNTAET\|Administrasi Sementara PBB di Timor Timur]] ([[Administrasi Sementara PBB di Timor Timur\|UNTAET]]) didirikan pada akhir Oktober dan mengatur wilayah itu selama dua tahun. Kontrol negara diserahkan kepada Pemerintah Timor Leste dan kemerdekaan dideklarasikan pada 20 Mei 2002.<ref>[https://www.un.org/apps/news/storyAr.asp?NewsID=3714&Cr=timor&Cr1= "New country, East Timor, is born; UN, which aided transition, vows continued help"] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710034213/http://www.un.org/apps/news/storyAr.asp?NewsID=3714&Cr=timor&Cr1= \|date=10 Juli 2011 }}. ''UN News Centre''. 19 Mei 2002. Diakses pada 26 Mei 2022.</ref> Pada tanggal 27 September di tahun yang sama, Timor Leste bergabung dengan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa sebagai anggota ke-191.<ref>[https://www.un.org/apps/news/storyAr.asp?NewsID=4863&Cr=Timor&Cr1= "UN General Assembly admits Timor-Leste as 191st member"] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218112646/http://www.un.org/apps/news/storyAr.asp?NewsID=4863&Cr=Timor&Cr1= \|date=18 Desember 2007 }}. ''UN News Centre''. 27 September 2002. Diakses pada 26 Mei 2022.</ref> Sebagian besar pasukan militer INTERFET berasal dari Australia—lebih dari 5.500 tentara pada puncaknya, termasuk [[infanteri]] [[brigade]], dengan dukungan lapis baja dan penerbangan—sementara 22 negara lain akhirnya berkontribusi membentuk kekuatan yang pada puncaknya berjumlah lebih dari 11.000 tentara.<ref>Horner 2001, p. 9.</ref> Amerika Serikat memberikan dukungan logistik dan diplomatik yang penting selama krisis, [[kapal penjelajah]] [[USS Mobile Bay\|USS ''Mobile Bay'']] beroperasi di laut lepas, sementara kapal Australia, Kanada, dan Inggris memasuki Dili. Sebuah [[batalyon]] infanteri Marinir AS yang terdiri dari 1.000 orang—ditambah baju besi dan artileri organik—juga ditempatkan di lepas pantai di atas [[USS Belleau Wood (LHA-3)\|USS ''Belleau Wood'']] untuk menyediakan cadangan strategis jika terjadi oposisi bersenjata yang signifikan.<ref>See Smith 2003, p. 47 and 56 and Martin 2002, p. 113.</ref> Baris 208 ⟶ 204: {{Krisis Timor Leste 1999}} {{Bencana di Indonesia tahun 1990an}}{{Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie}} [[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 1999]] [[Kategori:Pendudukan Indonesia di Timor Timur]]