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Baris 1:
{{Infobox islands
|local_name =
{{collapsible list
|titlestyle = background:transparent; text-align:center; font-size:9pt;
|liststyle = text-align:center;
|title = Nama lokal
|1= {{native name|en|British Isles}}
|2= {{native name|ga|Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór}}<ref name=tearma>The British Isles ''s'' ''pl'' ''Na hOileáin bhriontanacha'' {{cite web | url = http://www.tearma.ie/Search.aspx?term=the+British+Isles | title = the British Isles | work = téarma.ie – Dictionary of Irish Terms | publisher = [[Foras na Gaeilge]] and [[Dublin City University]] | access-date = 18 November 2016}}</ref>
|3 = {{native name|cy|Ynysoedd Prydain}}
|4 = {{native name|kw|Enesow Bretennek}}
|5 = {{native name|gd|Eileanan Bhreatainn}}<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.gla.ac.uk/departments/celtic/duilleagangidhlig/|title=University of Glasgow Department of Celtic}}</ref>
|6 = {{native name|gv|Ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh}}<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.tynwald.org.im/papers/press/2008/pr33.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224221228/http://www.tynwald.org.im/papers/press/2008/pr33.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2009|title=Office of The President of Tynwald}}</ref>
|7 = {{native name|fr|Îles Britanniques}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Règlement (1953) (Amendement) Sur l'importation et l'exportation d'animaux|url=https://www.jerseylaw.je/laws/enacted/Pages/L-17-1953.aspx|website=[[Jersey Legal Information Board]]|access-date=2 February 2012}}</ref>
}}
|image_name = MODIS - Great Britain and Ireland - 2012-06-04 during heat wave.jpg
|image_caption = Citra satelit Kepulauan Britania oleh [[NASA]], 2012, [[Shetland]] dan [[Kepulauan Channel]] tidak ada dalam gambar
|image_alt = Peta Kepulauan Britania beserta lokasinya di Eropa.
|map_image = British Isles (orthographic projection).svg
|map_size = 220
|
|coordinates = {{Coord|54|N|4|W|scale:10000000|display=inline,title}}
|
|area_km2 = 315159
|area_footnotes = <ref name=area>[http://islands.unep.ch/Cindex.htm Country/Territory Index, Island Directory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213045516/http://islands.unep.ch/Cindex.htm |date=13 December 2018 }}, United Nations Environment Programme. Retrieved 9 August 2015.<br />[https://www.gov.im/categories/business-and-industries/iom-key-facts-guide/island-facts/ Island Facts] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050532/https://www.gov.im/categories/business-and-industries/iom-key-facts-guide/island-facts/ |date=4 March 2016 }}, Isle of Man Government. Retrieved 9 August 2015.<br />Menurut UNEP, Kepulauan Channel memiliki luas daratan {{val|194|u=km2|fmt=commas}}, Republik Irlandia memiliki luas {{val|70.282|u=km2|fmt=commas}}, dan Britania Raya memiliki luas {{val|244.111|u=km2|fmt=commas}}. Menurut Pemerintah Pulau Man, Pulau Man memiliki luas {{val|572|u=km2|fmt=commas}}. Dengan demikian, luas daratan Kepulauan Britania adalah {{val|315159|u=km2|fmt=commas}}.</ref>
|total_islands = 6.000+
|highest_mount = {{nowrap|[[Ben Nevis]]}}<ref name=highestpoint>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/blog/2016/03/britains-tallest-mountain-is-taller/|title=Great Britain's tallest mountain is taller - Ordnance Survey Blog|date=18 March 2016|work=Ordnance Survey Blog|access-date=9 September 2018|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|elevation_m = 1345
|population = 71.891.524
|population_as_of = 2019
|population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url = https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ |title = World Population Prospects 2017 |access-date = 26 May 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160927210437/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ |archive-date = 27 September 2016 |url-status = dead}}</ref>
|density_km2 = 216
|languages = [[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]], [[Bahasa Wales|Wales]], [[Bahasa Kernowek|Kernowek]], [[Bahasa Irlandia|Irlandia]], [[Bahasa Manx|Manx]], [[Bahasa Skots|Skots]], [[Bahasa Gaelik Skotlandia|Gaelik Skotlandka]], [[Bahasa Prancis|Prancis]], [[Guernésiais]], [[Jèrriais]], [[Sercquiais]], [[Bahasa Shelta|Shelta]], [[Dialek Skots Ulster|Skots-Ulster]], [[Angloromani]], [[Bahasa Isyarat Britania Raya]]
|timezone1 = [[Waktu Greenwich]] / [[Waktu Eropa Barat]]
|utc_offset1 = ±0{{!}}UTC
|timezone1_DST = [[Waktu Musim Panas Eropa Barat]]{{ref label|footnote_a|a}}
|utc_offset1_DST = +1
|additional_info = {{Infobox |child=yes |label1 = Sisi mengemudi |data1 = kiri }}
|footnotes = {{Ordered list|list_style_type=lower-alpha|item_style=font-size:90%;
|{{note|footnote_a}} [[Waktu Standar Irlandia]] di Republik Irlandia, [[Waktu Musim Panas Britania Raya]] di negara Britania Raya dan wilayah-wilayah terkait.
}}
}}
'''Kepulauan Britania''' adalah [[kepulauan|sekelompok pulau-pulau]] yang terletak di [[Samudra Atlantik|Samudra Atlantik Utara]] di lepas pantai sebelah barat laut dari [[Eropa daratan]], kepulauan ini terdiri dari [[Pulau Britania Raya]], [[Pulau Irlandia]], [[Pulau Man]], [[Hebrides]] [[Hebrides Dalam|Dalam]] dan [[Hebrides Luar|Luar]], [[Kepulauan Utara]] ([[Orkney]] dan [[Shetland]]), dan lebih dari enam ribu pulau-pulau berukuran lebih kecil.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web |date=12 May 2023 |title=British Isles |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/British-Isles |access-date=26 May 2023 |website=[[Britannica Online]]}}</ref> Kepulauan ini memiliki luas wilayah {{convert|315159|km2||abbr=on}}<ref name="area" /> dan populasi gabungan hampir 72 juta jiwa, dan terdapat dua [[negara berdaulat]] di dalamnya, yaitu [[Republik Irlandia]] (yang menduduki kira-kira lima per enam Pulau Irlandia),<ref>The diplomatic and constitutional name of the Irish state is simply ''Ireland''. For disambiguation purposes, ''Republic of Ireland'' is often used although technically not the name of the state but, according to the ''[[Republic of Ireland Act]] 1948'', the state "may be described" as such.</ref> dan [[Britania Raya|Kerajaan Bersatu Britania Raya dan Irlandia Utara]]. [[Kepulauan Channel]], yang berada di lepas pantai utara dari [[Prancis]], pada umumnya dianggap bagian dari Kepulauan Britania,<ref>Oxford English Dictionary: "British Isles: a geographical term for the islands comprising Great Britain and Ireland with all their offshore islands including the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands."</ref> meskipun secara geografis kepulauan ini bukan merupakan bagian [[Kepulauan]] Britania.<ref>{{Cite book |last1 = Alan |first1 = Lew |last2 = Colin |first2 = Hall |last3 = Dallen |first3 = Timothy|title = World Geography of Travel and Tourism: A Regional Approach |publisher=Elsevier |place = Oxford |year = 2008 |quote = The British Isles comprise more than 6,000 islands off the north-west coast of continental Europe, including the countries of the United Kingdom of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland. The group also includes the United Kingdom crown dependencies of the Isle of Man, and by tradition, the Channel Islands (the Bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey), even though these islands are strictly speaking an archipelago immediately off the coast of Normandy (France) rather than part of the British Isles. |isbn = 978-0-7506-7978-7}}</ref> Dengan Undang-Undang Interpretasi Britania Raya 1978, Kepulauan Channel dikategorikan menjadi bagian [[Pulau-Pulau Britania Raya]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=1838152 |title="British Islands" means the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. (1889) |publisher=Statutelaw.gov.uk |access-date=4 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507182642/http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=1838152 |archive-date=7 May 2009 }}</ref> berbeda dengan Kepulauan Britania.
Batu tertua di Kepulauan Britania berusia 2,7 miliar tahun dan dapat ditemukan di Pulau Irlandia, Wales dan Skotlandia bagian barat laut.<ref>{{Cite book| last=Woodcock| first=Nigel H.|author2=Rob Strachan| title=Geological History of Britain and Ireland| year=2012| publisher=John Wiley & Sons| isbn = 978-1-1182-7403-3| pages=49–50}}</ref> Pada periode [[Silurian]], bagian barat laut berbenturan dengan bagian tenggara, yang awalnya merupakan bagian massa daratan kontinental berbeda. Topografi kepulauan ini termasuk sederhana dibandingkan dengan standar global. [[Ben Nevis]], gunung tertinggi di kepulauan, hanya memiliki ketinggian {{convert|1345|m}},<ref name=highestpoint /> dan [[Lough Neagh]], danau terbesar dibandingkan danau-danau lain di kepulauan, memiliki luas {{convert|151|sqmi|km2|order=flip}}. Kepulauan ini memiliki iklim laut sedang, dengan musim dingin sejuk dan musim panas hangat. [[Arus Atlantik Utara]] membawa kelembapan yang signifikan dan meningkatkan temperatur sebesar {{convert|11|C-change||abbr=on}} di atas rata-rata global di garis lintang serupa. Ini mengakibatkan lanskap yang telah lama didominasi oleh hutan hujan sedang, meskipun aktivitas manusia telah menghilangkan sebagian besar [[tutupan hutan]]. Daerah ini dihuni kembali setelah periode glasial terakhir [[glasiasi Kuarter]], pada tahun 12.000 SM, ketika Britania Raya masih menjadi [[Doggerland|semenanjung bagian benua Eropa]]. Irlandia kemungkinan terhubung dengan Britania Raya melalui [[jembatan es]] sebelum tahun 14.000 SM, dan belum dihuni hingga setelah tahun 8000 SM.<ref name=Edwards2008>{{cite journal|last1=Edwards |first1=R.J. |last2=Brooks |first2=A.J. |date=2008 |title=The Island of Ireland: Drowning the Myth of an Irish Land-bridge? |editor=Davenport, J.J. |editor2=Sleeman, D.P. |editor3=Woodman, P.C. |journal=The Irish Naturalists' Journal |pages=19–34 }}</ref> Britania Raya menjadi pulau pada tahun 7000 SM dengan tenggelamnya [[Doggerland]].<ref name="McGreevy-2020">{{cite web |last1=McGreevy |first1=Nora |date=2 December 2020 |title=Study Rewrites History of Ancient Land Bridge Between Britain and Europe |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/tiny-islands-survived-tsunami-almost-separated-britain-europe-study-finds-180976430/ |access-date=31 March 2022 |website= |publisher=[[Smithsonian Magazine]]}}</ref>
Suku [[Gael]] (Irlandia), [[Pikt]] (Britania Raya utara) dan [[Briton]] (Britania Raya selatan), semuanya menuturkan [[Rumpun bahasa Keltik Kepulauan|bahasa-bahasa Keltik Kepulauan]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Koch |first=John C |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA973 |title=Celtic Culture: Aberdeen breviary-celticism |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2006 |isbn=9781851094400 |language=en}}</ref> suku-suku ini menghuni kepulauan pada permulaan milenium ke-1 SM. Sebagian besar Britania Raya yang dihuni Britonik pernah [[Penaklukan Britania Raya oleh Romawi|ditaklukkan oleh Kekaisaran Romawi]] dimulai dari tahun 43 Masehi. Populasi [[Anglo-Saxon]] pertama datang seiring melemahnya Romawi pada abad ke-5, dan pada akhirnya populasi ini mendominasi wilayah yang kini bernama Inggris.<ref>British Have Changed Little Since Ice Age, Gene Study SaysJames Owen for National Geographic News, 19 July 2005 [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/07/0719_050719_britishgene.html].</ref> Invasi-invasi oleh [[Viking]] dimulai pada abad ke-9, disusul oleh permukiman-permukiman permanen lebih banyak dan perubahan politik, khususnya di Inggris. Penaklukan Inggris oleh [[Orang Norman|Norman]] pada tahun 1066 dan kemudian penaklukan sebagian Irlandia oleh [[Kekaisaran Angevin|Angevin]] dimulai tahun 1169 menyebabkan kelas penguasa Norman yang baru menguasai sebagian besar Britania Raya dan beberapa bagian Irlandia. Pada [[Abad Pertengahan Akhir]], Pulau Britania Raya terpisah menjadi negara Kerajaan Inggris dan Kerajaan Skotlandia, sementara kekuasaan di Irlandia berubah-ubah antara [[Irlandia Gaelik|kerajaan-kerajaan Gaelik]], [[Hiberno-Norman|penguasa-penguasa Hiberno-Norman]] dan [[Kekuasaan Irlandia]] yang didominasi orang Inggris, kemudian terbatas hanya [[The Pale]]. [[Persatuan Mahkota]] tahun 1603, [[Undang-Undang Persatuan 1707]] dan [[Undang-Undang Persatuan 1800]] bertujuan mengkonsolidasikan Britania Raya dan Irlandia ke dalam satu unit politik bernama Kerajaan Bersatu Britania Raya dan Irlandia, sementara Pulau Man dan Kepulauan Channel masih menjadi [[Dependensi Mahkota]]. Perluasan Imperium Britania Raya dan migrasi menyusul [[Bencana Kelaparan Besar (Irlandia)|Bencana Kelaparan Irlandia]] dan [[Pembersihan Dataran Tinggi]] menyebabkan tersebarnya sebagian populasi dan budaya kepulauan ini ke seluruh dunia, dan pengurangan populasi di Irlandia dengan cepat pada paruh kedua abad ke-19. Sebagian besar Irlandia memisahkan diri dari negara Britania Raya setelah [[Perang Kemerdekaan Irlandia]] dan kemudian [[Perjanjian Britania Raya-Irlandia]] (1919–1922), sementara enam county masih menjadi bagian negara Britania Raya dengan nama Irlandia Utara.
Sebagai istilah, "Kepulauan Britania" adalah nama [[geografi]]s dan bukanlah unit politik. Di Irlandia, istilah ini [[Sengketa penamaan Kepulauan Britania|diperdebatkan]],<ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Payne |first1=Malcolm |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rasBRQwwOIIC&pg=PA7 |title=Social Work in the British Isles |last2=Shardlow |first2=Steven |publisher=[[Jessica Kingsley Publishers]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-85302-833-5 |pages=7 |language=en |quote=When we think about social work in the British Isles, a contentious term if ever there was one, what do we expect to see?}}</ref> dan ada keberatan terhadap penggunaannya.<ref name="postwarculture">{{Citation|first1=Alistair|last1=Davies|first2=Alan|last2=Sinfield|title=British Culture of the Postwar: An Introduction to Literature and Society, 1945–1999|publisher=Routledge|year=2000|isbn=978-0-415-12811-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/britishcultureof00adav/page/9 9]|quote=Some of the Irish dislike the 'British' in 'British Isles', while a minority of the Welsh and Scottish are not keen on 'Great Britain'. ... In response to these difficulties, 'Britain and Ireland' is becoming preferred official usage if not in the vernacular, although there is a growing trend amongst some critics to refer to Britain and Ireland as 'the archipelago'.|url=https://archive.org/details/britishcultureof00adav/page/9}}</ref> [[Pemerintah Irlandia]] secara resmi tidak mengakui istilah tersebut,<ref name="Written Answers - Official Terms">"[http://www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie/D/0606/D.0606.200509280360.html Written Answers – Official Terms"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006211200/http://www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie/D/0606/D.0606.200509280360.html |date=6 October 2012 }}, [[Dáil Éireann]], Volume 606, 28 September 2005. In his response, the Irish Minister for Foreign Affairs stated that "The British Isles is not an officially recognised term in any legal or inter-governmental sense. It is without any official status. The Government, including the Department of Foreign Affairs, does not use this term. Our officials in the Embassy of Ireland, London, continue to monitor the media in Britain for any abuse of the official terms as set out in the Constitution of Ireland and in legislation. These include the name of the State, the President, [[Taoiseach]] and others."</ref> dan kedutaannya di London menghindari penggunaannya.<ref>{{Citation|date=3 October 2006|first=David|last=Sharrock|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article658099.ece|work=The Times|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216021615/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article658099.ece|archive-date=16 February 2007|location=UK |title=New atlas lets Ireland slip shackles of Britain|access-date=24 April 2020|quote=A spokesman for the Irish Embassy in London said: 'The British Isles has a dated ring to it as if we are still part of the Empire. We are independent, we are not part of Britain, not even in geographical terms. We would discourage its useage {{sic}}.'}}</ref> "Britania Raya dan Irlandia" digunakan sebagai deskripsi alternatif,<ref name="postwarculture"/><ref name="reformationBI">{{Cite book| title = The Reformation in Britain and Ireland: an introduction |isbn = 978-0-567-08280-0 |page = 17 |last = Hazlett |first = Ian |year = 2003 |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |quote=At the outset, it should be stated that while the expression 'The British Isles' is evidently still commonly employed, its intermittent use throughout this work is only in the geographic sense, in so far as that is acceptable. Since the early twentieth century, that nomenclature has been regarded by some as increasingly less usable. It has been perceived as cloaking the idea of a 'greater England', or an extended south-eastern English imperium, under a common Crown since 1603 onwards. ... Nowadays, however, 'Britain and Ireland' is the more favoured expression, though there are problems with that too. ... There is no consensus on the matter, inevitably. It is unlikely that the ultimate in non-partisanship that has recently appeared the (East) 'Atlantic Archipelago' will have any appeal beyond captious scholars.}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Guardian Style Guide |date=19 December 2008 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/styleguide/b |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524041755/https://www.theguardian.com/guardian-observer-style-guide-b |location=London |work=[[The Guardian]] |quote=A geographical term taken to mean Great Britain, Ireland and some or all of the adjacent islands such as Orkney, Shetland and the Isle of Man. The phrase is best avoided, given its (understandable) unpopularity in the Irish Republic. The plate in the National Geographic Atlas of the World once titled British Isles now reads Britain and Ireland. |archive-date=24 May 2023}}</ref> dan "Kepulauan Atlantik" juga hanya sedikit digunakan dalam dunia akademik.<ref name="Acrossthemargins">{{Citation|first1=Glenda|last1=Norquay|first2=Gerry| last2=Smyth |title=Across the margins: cultural identity and change in the Atlantic archipelago |publisher=Manchester University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-7190-5749-6|page=4 |quote=The term we favour here—Atlantic Archipelago—may prove to be of no greater use in the long run, but at this stage, it does at least have the merit of questioning the ideology underpinning more established nomenclature.}}</ref><ref name="Archipelagicidentities">{{Citation|first1=Philip|last1=Schwyzer|first2=Simon| last2=Mealor |title=Archipelagic identities: literature and identity in the Atlantic Archipelago |publisher=Ashgate Publishing|year=2004 |isbn=978-0-7546-3584-0|page=10 |quote=In some ways 'Atlantic Archipelago' is intended to do the work of including without excluding, and while it seems to have taken root in terms of academic conferences and publishing, I don't see it catching on in popular discourse or official political circles, at least not in a hurry.}}</ref><ref name="EnglishIdentity">{{Citation|first=Krishan|last=Kumar|title=The Making of English National Identity |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003 |isbn=978-0-521-77736-0|page=6 |quote=Some scholars, seeking to avoid the political and ethnic connotations of 'the British Isles', have proposed the 'Atlantic Archipelago' or even 'the East Atlantic Archipelago' (see, e.g. Pocock 1975a: 606; 1995: 292n; Tompson, 1986) Not surprisingly this does not seem to have caught on with the general public, though it has found increasing favour with scholars promoting the new 'British History'.}}</ref><ref name="BritishAtlantic">{{Citation|author1=David Armitage|author2-link=Michael Braddick |author2=Michael Braddick |title=The British Atlantic world, 1500–1800 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-333-96340-1|page=284 |quote=British and Irish historians increasingly use 'Atlantic archipelago' as a less metro-centric term for what is popularly known as the British Isles.}}</ref> Dalam dokumen-dokumen resmi yang diciptakan bersama oleh negara Irlandia dan Britania Raya, seperti dalam [[Perjanjian Jumat Baik]], mereka menggunakan istilah "kepulauan ini".<ref name=cavendish/><ref>{{Cite web |title=CAIN: Events: Peace: The Agreement - Agreement reached in the multi-party negotiations (10 April 1998) |url=https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/events/peace/docs/agreement.htm |access-date=19 April 2023 |website=cain.ulster.ac.uk}}</ref>
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons
* An [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/map-viewers/bgs-geology-viewer/ interactive geological map] of the British Isles
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