Kuwait: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[File:Kuwait pol 06.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|Kuwait berbagi perbatasan darat dengan Irak dan Arab Saudi, dan berbatasan laut dengan Irak, Arab Saudi, dan Iran.]]
Terletak di sudut timur laut [[Jazirah Arab|Semenanjung Arab]], Kuwait adalah salah satu [[Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah|negara terkecil]] di dunia dalam hal luas daratan. Kuwait terletak di antara garis lintang 28° dan 31° LU, dan garis bujur 46° dan 49° E. Kuwait umumnya dataran rendah, dengan titik tertinggi 306 m (1.004 kaki) di atas permukaan laut.<ref name=cia>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kuwait/ |title=Kuwait |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |date=10 April 2015}}</ref> [[Bukit Mutla]] adalah titik tertinggi di Kuwait.
Kuwait memiliki sepuluh pulau.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-82709/Bubiyan |archive-url=https://archive.today/20081210093103/http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-82709/Bubiyan |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 December 2008 |title=Bubiyan (island, Kuwait) |access-date=28 June 2010}}</ref> Dengan luas 860 km2 (330 sq mi), [[Pulau Bubiyan|Bubiyan]] adalah pulau terbesar di Kuwait dan terhubung ke seluruh negara melalui jembatan sepanjang 2.380 meter (7.808 kaki).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0000613 |title=Structurae [en]: Bubiyan Bridge (1983) |website=En.structurae.de |date=19 October 2002 |access-date=28 June 2010}}</ref> 0,6% dari luas daratan Kuwait dianggap subur dengan vegetasi jarang yang ditemukan di sepanjang garis pantai sepanjang 499 kilometer (310 mil).<ref name=cia /> [[Kota Kuwait]] terletak di [[Teluk Kuwait]], pelabuhan laut dalam yang alami.
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Emir menunjuk semua hakim dan banyak hakim adalah warga negara asing dari Mesir. Mahkamah Konstitusi bertugas memutuskan kesesuaian undang-undang dan keputusan dengan konstitusi. Kuwait memiliki ruang publik dan masyarakat sipil yang aktif dengan organisasi politik dan sosial.<ref name="rubin">{{cite book|first=Barry|last=Rubin|title=Crises in the Contemporary Persian Gulf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSNGAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA92|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-28882-2|page=92|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219121906/https://books.google.com/books?id=BSNGAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA92|archive-date=19 February 2016}}</ref><ref name=greo>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/oilmonarchiesdom00gaus|url-access=registration|title=Oil Monarchies: Domestic and Security Challenges in the Arab Gulf States|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations|author=F. Gregory Gause|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oilmonarchiesdom00gaus/page/69 69]–70|isbn=978-0-87609-151-7|year=1994}}</ref> Kelompok profesional seperti [[Kamar Dagang dan Industri Kuwait|Kamar Dagang]] mempertahankan otonomi mereka dari pemerintah.<ref name=rubin /><ref name=greo />
Cabang legislatif terdiri dari [[Majelis Nasional (Kuwait)|Majelis Nasional]], yang memiliki otoritas pengawasan nominal. Sesuai pasal 107 konstitusi Kuwait, Emir dapat membubarkan parlemen selama pemilihan majelis baru diadakan dalam waktu dua bulan setelah pembubaran.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Kuwait|first=Government of|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Kuwait_Constitution#Article_107_%5BDissolution%5D|title=Kuwait Constitution}}</ref> Karena seringnya pengunduran diri kabinet, Kuwait memiliki pemerintahan baru setiap delapan bulan. Ketidakstabilan politik secara signifikan menghambat pembangunan ekonomi dan infrastruktur negara.<ref name="corruption_kuwait_royals">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2014/05/08/kuwaits-royals-are-taking-their-feuds-public/|title=Kuwait's royals are taking their feuds public|date=8 May 2014|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="economic4">{{cite web|url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/kuwaits-fiscal-crisis-requires-bold-reforms/|title=Kuwait's fiscal crisis requires bold reforms|date=18 November 2020|website=[[Atlantic Council]]|first=Ahmed|last=Helal}}</ref><ref name="toolate">{{cite web|url=https://www.euromoney.com/article/28gk87i7dpxgv6dhweznk/capital-markets/financial-markets-is-it-too-late-for-kuwait|title=Financial markets: Is it too late for Kuwait?|date=30 April 2021|first=Eric|last=Ellis|website=[[Euromoney]]}}</ref>
Emir telah menangguhkan konstitusi dua kali: pada tahun 1976 di bawah Sheikh [[Amir Sabah Al-Salim Al-Sabah|Sabah Al-Salim Al-Sabah]] dan 1986 di bawah Sheikh [[Amir Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir Al Sabah|Jaber Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah]].<ref name=loc>{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Crystal|first=Jill|title=Kuwait: Constitution|editor-last=Metz|editor-first=Helen Chapin|url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/frdcstdy.persiangulfstate00metz_0|encyclopedia=Persian Gulf states : country studies|date=1994|publisher=[[Federal Research Division]], [[Library of Congress]]|isbn=0-8444-0793-3|edition=3rd|pages=84–86|oclc=29548413|postscript=. {{PD-notice}}}}</ref> Kuwait secara teratur dicirikan sebagai "negara penyewa" di mana keluarga penguasa menggunakan pendapatan minyak untuk membeli persetujuan politik warga negara; lebih dari 70% pengeluaran pemerintah terdiri dari gaji dan subsidi sektor publik.<ref name="fitch">{{cite web|title=Fitch Revises Kuwait's Outlook to Negative; Affirms at 'AA'|work=[[Fitch Ratings]]|url=https://www.fitchratings.com/research/sovereigns/fitch-revises-kuwait-outlook-to-negative-affirms-at-aa-02-02-2021|date=2 February 2021}}</ref> Kuwait memiliki tagihan upah sektor publik tertinggi di wilayah GCC karena upah sektor publik mencapai 12,4% dari PDB.<ref name="undermine_reforms">{{cite web|url=https://mei.edu/publications/kuwaits-fractious-politics-undermine-much-needed-fiscal-measures|title=Kuwait's fractious politics undermine much-needed fiscal measures|date=11 March 2021|website=MEI}}</ref>
Meskipun [[Perempuan di Kuwait|perempuan Kuwait]] melebihi jumlah laki-laki dalam angkatan kerja,<ref name="gnw">{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/kuwait/kuwait-leads-gulf-states-in-women-in-workforce-1.1705940|title=Kuwait leads Gulf states in women in workforce|work=Gulf News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514103256/http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/kuwait/kuwait-leads-gulf-states-in-women-in-workforce-1.1705940|archive-date=14 May 2016}}</ref> partisipasi politik perempuan Kuwait terbatas.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.academia.edu/1271909|publisher=Academia.edu|title=Women and the Malleability of the Kuwaiti Diwaniyya|first=Lindsey|last=Stephenson|year=2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806162420/http://www.academia.edu/1271909/Women_and_the_Malleability_of_the_Kuwaiti_Diwaniyya|archive-date=6 August 2017}}</ref> Wanita Kuwait dianggap sebagai wanita paling emansipasi di Timur Tengah. Pada tahun 2014 dan 2015, Kuwait menduduki peringkat pertama di antara negara-negara Arab dalam [[Laporan Kesenjangan Gender Global]].<ref name="hgh">{{cite web|url=http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticlePrintPage.aspx?id=2405039&language=en|title=Kuwait highest in closing gender gap: WEF|access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="wid">{{cite web|url=http://widgets.weforum.org/gender-gap-report-2014/#mena|title=The Global Gender Gap Index 2014 – World Economic Forum|publisher=World Economic Forum|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414040242/http://widgets.weforum.org/gender-gap-report-2014/#mena|archive-date=14 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="wef">{{cite web|url=http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2015/the-global-gender-gap-index-results-in-2015/|title=Global Gender Gap Index Results in 2015|publisher=World Economic Forum|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605193255/http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2015/the-global-gender-gap-index-results-in-2015/|archive-date=5 June 2016}}</ref> Pada tahun 2013, 53% wanita Kuwait berpartisipasi dalam angkatan kerja.<ref name="gend">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2013/cr13337.pdf|title=Kuwait: Selected Issues|page=17|quote=Kuwait has higher female labor market participation than other GCC countries; further improvements in labor force participation can support future growth prospects. Kuwait's labor force participation rate for Kuwaiti women (53 percent) is slightly above the world average (51 percent) and much higher than the [[MENA]] average (21 percent).|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030072718/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2013/cr13337.pdf|archive-date=30 October 2014}}</ref> Kuwait memiliki partisipasi warga negara perempuan yang lebih tinggi dalam angkatan kerja dibandingkan negara-negara GCC lainnya.<ref name=gnw/><ref name=gend/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfZR8SNg0bwC&pg=PA43|title=Kuwait: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix|work=[[International Monetary Fund]] |year=2012|pages=43|isbn=978-1-4755-2741-4|last1=Fund|first1=International Monetary}}</ref> Menurut [[Indeks Kemajuan Sosial]], Kuwait menempati urutan pertama dalam kemajuan sosial di dunia Arab dan dunia Muslim dan tertinggi kedua di Timur Tengah setelah Israel.<ref name="socialprogress">{{cite web|title=Social Progress Index|url=https://www.socialprogress.org/index/global/results|publisher=The Social Progress Imperative}}</ref> Kuwait menempati peringkat di antara negara-negara top dunia berdasarkan [[Daftar negara menurut angka harapan hidup|harapan hidup]],<ref name="expectancy">{{cite web|title=Life expectancy and Healthy life expectancy, data by country|language=en|publisher=World Health Organization|url=https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688|date=2020}}</ref> [[Wanita dalam angkatan kerja|partisipasi tenaga kerja wanita]],<ref name=gnw/><ref name=gend/> [[Indeks Keamanan Pangan Global|ketahanan pangan global]],<ref name="foodindex">{{Cite web|year=2021|title=Global Food Security Index 2021|url=https://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com/Country/Details#Kuwait|website=[[Economist Intelligence Unit]]|access-date=2023-02-21|archive-date=2021-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012202030/https://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com/Country/Details#Kuwait|dead-url=yes}}</ref> serta ketertiban dan keamanan sekolah.<ref name="schoolsecurity">{{cite web|title=Kuwait first worldwide in school order plus safety index|url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2952282&Language=en|date=12 January 2021|work=[[Kuwait News Agency]]}}</ref>
=== Hubungan luar negeri ===
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Urusan luar negeri Kuwait ditangani di tingkat [[Kementerian Luar Negeri Kuwait|Kementerian Luar Negeri]]. Biro departemen luar negeri pertama didirikan pada tahun 1961. Kuwait menjadi negara anggota ke-111 [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] pada Mei 1963. Ini adalah anggota lama [[Liga Arab]] dan [[Dewan Kerjasama untuk Negara Arab di Teluk|Dewan Kerjasama Teluk]].
Sebelum [[Perang Teluk I|Perang Teluk]], Kuwait adalah satu-satunya negara "pro-Soviet" di wilayah [[Teluk Persia]].<ref name="russ">{{cite book |first=Steve |last=Yetiv |url={{google books|8MLYm3JB8dMC|page=51|plainurl=yes}} |title=America and the Persian Gulf: The Third Party Dimension in World Politics |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |location=Westport, Connecticut |date=1995 |page=51 |isbn=978-0-275-94973-0}}</ref> Kuwait bertindak sebagai penghubung [[Uni Soviet|Soviet]] ke negara-negara Arab lainnya di Teluk Persia, dan Kuwait digunakan untuk menunjukkan keuntungan dari sikap pro-Soviet.<ref name="russ" /> Pada bulan Juli 1987, Kuwait menolak mengizinkan pangkalan militer AS di wilayahnya.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wallace |first=Charles P. |url=https://articles.latimes.com/1987-07-21/news/mn-5326_1_persian-gulf |title=No Military Bases for U.S., Kuwait Says |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=20 July 1987 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726220538/http://articles.latimes.com/1987-07-21/news/mn-5326_1_persian-gulf |archive-date=26 July 2014}}</ref> Akibat Perang Teluk, hubungan Kuwait dengan AS membaik ([[Sekutu non-NATO besar|sekutu utama non-NATO]]). Kuwait juga merupakan sekutu utama [[Perhimpunan Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tenggara|ASEAN]] dan menikmati hubungan ekonomi yang erat dengan [[Tiongkok]] sambil berupaya membangun model kerja sama di berbagai bidang.<ref name="auto2">{{cite news |title=China and Kuwait agree to establish strategic partnership |url=https://gbtimes.com/china-and-kuwait-agree-to-establish-strategic-partnership |work=GBTIMES |access-date=16 December 2018 |archive-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710093904/https://gbtimes.com/china-and-kuwait-agree-to-establish-strategic-partnership |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite news |title=KUNA : Kuwait calls for stronger GCC-ASEAN partnership – Politics – 28/09/2017 |url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2644133&language=en |work=www.kuna.net.kw |language=en}}</ref> Di bawah [[Prakarsa Sabuk dan Jalan]],<ref name="Kuwait_China">{{cite web|first=Hatem|last=Khedr|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2021/04/kuwait-and-china-seek-diversifying-economy-belt-and-road-initiative|title=Kuwait and China seek diversifying economy via Belt and Road Initiative|date=13 April 2021|website=[[Al-Monitor]]}}</ref><ref name="bri">{{cite web|title=Phase One of Kuwait's BRI-Backed US$130 Billion Silk City Opens|work=[[Hong Kong Trade Development Council]]|date=10 June 2019|url=https://beltandroad.hktdc.com/en/insights/phase-one-kuwaits-bri-backed-us130-billion-silk-city-opens}}</ref> Kuwait dan Tiongkok memiliki banyak proyek kerja sama penting termasuk [[al-Mutlaa Selatan]] dan [[Pelabuhan Mubarak Al Kabeer]].<ref name="mutlaa4">{{cite web|url=https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/business/story/CGGC_completes_Kuwait_Residential_City_infrastructure_work-SNG_203492771/|title=CGGC completes Kuwait Residential City infrastructure work|date=8 March 2021|website=Zawya}}</ref><ref name="mutlaa">{{cite web|first=Ranju|last=Warrier|url=https://www.constructionweekonline.com/projects-and-tenders/271132-cggc-completes-main-works-at-kuwaits-al-mutlaa-residential-city-project|title=CGGC completes main works at Kuwait's Al Mutlaa Residential City project|date=12 March 2021|website=Construction Week}}</ref><ref name="mutlaa2">{{cite web|first=Disha|last=Dadlani|url=https://www.constructionweekonline.com/products-and-services/265791-chinas-cggc-prioritises-health-at-kuwaits-al-mutlaa-project|title=China's CGGC prioritises health at Kuwait's Al Mutlaa project|date=14 June 2020|website=Construction Week}}</ref><ref name="beltroad2">{{cite web|title=China and Kuwait to Build New Port|website=Port Technology|date=21 February 2019|url=https://www.porttechnology.org/news/china_and_kuwait_to_build_new_port/}}</ref><ref name="bri" />
=== Militer ===
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[[File:Kuwait Product Exports (2019).svg|upright=1.0|thumb|300px|right|Representasi proporsional ekspor Kuwait, 2019]]
Kuwait memiliki ekonomi berbasis minyak yang kaya.<ref name="diver">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2116.html#ku|title=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA Factbook|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220152239/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2116.html#ku|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> Itu menjadi salah satu negara terkaya di dunia.<ref name="usatoday"/><ref name=worldbank>[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?order=wbapi_data_value_2014+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc "GDP per capita, PPP (current international $)", World Development Indicators database] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228194132/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?order=wbapi_data_value_2014+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc |date=28 February 2017}}, World Bank. Database updated on 14 April 2015.</ref><ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html GDP – per capita (PPP)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004710/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html |date=13 June 2007}}, [[The World Factbook]], Central Intelligence Agency.</ref><ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2014&ey=2014&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=16&pr1.y=7&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C522%2C692%2C622%2C694%2C156%2C142%2C624%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738%2C944%2C578%2C176%2C537%2C534%2C742%2C536%2C866%2C429%2C369%2C433%2C744%2C178%2C186%2C436%2C925%2C136%2C869%2C343%2C746%2C158%2C926%2C439%2C466%2C916%2C112%2C664%2C111%2C826%2C298%2C542%2C927%2C967%2C846%2C443%2C299%2C917%2C582%2C544%2C474%2C941%2C754%2C446%2C698%2C666&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2015] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129191700/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2014&ey=2014&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=16&pr1.y=7&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C522%2C692%2C622%2C694%2C156%2C142%2C624%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738%2C944%2C578%2C176%2C537%2C534%2C742%2C536%2C866%2C429%2C369%2C433%2C744%2C178%2C186%2C436%2C925%2C136%2C869%2C343%2C746%2C158%2C926%2C439%2C466%2C916%2C112%2C664%2C111%2C826%2C298%2C542%2C927%2C967%2C846%2C443%2C299%2C917%2C582%2C544%2C474%2C941%2C754%2C446%2C698%2C666&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a=World |date=29 January 2016}}, [http://www.imf.org/external/ns/cs.aspx?id=28 International Monetary Fund]. Database updated on 6 October 2015.</ref> [[Dinar Kuwait]] menjadi satuan mata uang dengan nilai tertinggi di dunia.<ref name="curr">{{cite web|date=21 March 2012|title=10 Most Valuable Currencies in the World|url=https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/030216/6-strongest-currencies-vs-us-dollar-2016.asp|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314192024/https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex/030216/6-strongest-currencies-vs-us-dollar-2016.asp|archive-date=14 March 2021|website=Investopedia}}</ref> Menurut [[Bank Dunia]], Kuwait adalah negara terkaya kelima di dunia berdasarkan [[Pendapatan nasional bruto|pendapatan nasional bruto per kapita]], dan salah satu dari lima negara dengan GNI per kapita di atas $70.000.<ref name=usatoday>{{cite web|first=Grant|last=Suneson|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2019/07/07/richest-countries-in-the-world/39630693/|title=These are the 25 richest countries in the world|website=[[USA Today]]|date=7 July 2019}}</ref> Sebagai hasil dari berbagai kebijakan diversifikasi, minyak bumi kini menyumbang 43% dari total PDB dan 70% dari pendapatan ekspor.<ref name=newes>{{cite web|url=https://santandertrade.com/en/portal/analyse-markets/kuwait/foreign-trade-figures|title=Foreign Trade in Figures}}</ref> Industri nonmigas terbesar adalah manufaktur baja.<ref name="
Dalam lima tahun terakhir, telah terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan dalam kewirausahaan dan usaha kecil yang baru dimulai di Kuwait.<ref>{{cite news |first=Naeimah |last=Al-Kharafi |url=http://news.kuwaittimes.net/encouraging-social-entrepreneurship-kuwait-special-report/ |title=Encouraging social entrepreneurship in Kuwait – Special report |newspaper=Kuwait Times |date=12 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129082746/http://news.kuwaittimes.net/encouraging-social-entrepreneurship-kuwait-special-report/ |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Saltzman |first=Jason |url=http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/240022 |title=Keeping Up With Kuwaiti Connection: The Startup Circuit In Kuwait Is Up And At 'Em |magazine=Entrepreneur Middle East |date=11 November 2014}}</ref> [[Sektor informal]] juga meningkat,<ref>{{cite news |first=Jamie |last=Etheridge |url=http://news.kuwaittimes.net/whats-behind-growth-kuwaits-informal-economy/ |title=What's behind the growth of Kuwait's informal economy |newspaper=Kuwait Times |date=27 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129083014/http://news.kuwaittimes.net/whats-behind-growth-kuwaits-informal-economy/ |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> terutama karena popularitas bisnis [[Instagram]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Greenfield |first=Rebecca |url=http://www.thewire.com/technology/2013/07/kuwait-instagram-accounts-are-big-business/67127/|title=In Kuwait, Instagram Accounts Are Big Business |newspaper=The Wire: News for the Atlantic |date=12 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129145729/http://www.thewire.com/technology/2013/07/kuwait-instagram-accounts-are-big-business/67127/ |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kuo |first1=Lily |last2=Foxman |first2=Simone |url=http://qz.com/104499/a-rising-class-of-instagram-entrepreneurs-in-kuwait-is-selling-comics-make-up-and-sheep/ |title=A rising class of Instagram entrepreneurs in Kuwait is selling comics, makeup and sheep |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=16 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141123114438/http://qz.com/104499/a-rising-class-of-instagram-entrepreneurs-in-kuwait-is-selling-comics-make-up-and-sheep/ |archive-date=23 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://kottke.org/13/07/kuwaits-booming-instagram-economy |title=Kuwait's booming Instagram economy |website=kottke.org |date=12 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129171815/http://kottke.org/13/07/kuwaits-booming-instagram-economy |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> Pada tahun 2020, Kuwait menduduki peringkat keempat di wilayah MENA dalam pendanaan awal setelah [[Uni Emirat Arab|UEA]], [[Mesir]], dan [[Arab Saudi]].<ref name=crisis3>{{Cite web|title=Kuwait: Crisis Complicates Reform|work=[[Global Finance (magazine)|Global Finance]]|first=Chloe|last=Domat|date=February 2021|url=https://www.gfmag.com/magazine/february-2021/kuwait-crisis-complicates-reform}}</ref>
Baris 86:
=== Etnis ===
[[Ekspatriat di Kuwait]] mencapai sekitar 60% dari total populasi Kuwait. Pada akhir Desember 2018, 57,65% dari total populasi Kuwait adalah orang Arab (termasuk ekspatriat Arab).<ref name=PACI/> [[Orang India]] dan [[Bangsa Mesir|Mesir]] masing-masing adalah komunitas ekspatriat terbesar.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Kuwait MP seeks five-year cap on expat workers' stay |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/kuwait/kuwait-mp-seeks-five-year-cap-on-expat-workers-stay-1.1284513 |newspaper=Gulf News |date=30 January 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328170436/http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/kuwait/kuwait-mp-seeks-five-year-cap-on-expat-workers-stay-1.1284513 |archive-date=28 March 2014}}</ref>
=== Agama ===
[[File:Holy Family Cathedral (Kuwait).jpg|thumb|[[Katedral Keluarga Kudus, Kuwait]]]]
Agama resmi negara Kuwait adalah [[Sunni|Islam Sunni]] [[Mazhab Maliki|Maliki]]. Keluarga penguasa Al Sabah termasuk Emir, menganut mazhab Maliki dari Islam Sunni. Sebagian besar warga negara Kuwait adalah [[Islam di Kuwait|Muslim]]; tidak ada sensus nasional resmi tetapi diperkirakan 60%–70% adalah Sunni dan 30%–40% adalah [[Syiah]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-33315868|title=How one country came together after a terror attack|work=[[BBC]]|year=2015|access-date=12 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407192121/http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-33315868|archive-date=7 April 2016}}</ref><ref name=ssi>{{cite web|url=http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub861.pdf |title=The Evolution of U. S.-Turkish Relations in a Transatlantic Context |publisher=[[Strategic Studies Institute]] |page=87 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318173523/http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub861.pdf |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Negara ini memiliki komunitas [[Kekristenan|Kristen]] asli, diperkirakan terdiri dari antara 259 dan 400 warga Kristen Kuwait.<ref name="ref">{{cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/country,,,ANNUALREPORT,KWT,,3ae6a88954,0.html|title=International Religious Freedom Report|work=[[US State Department]]|year=1999|access-date=12 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310114405/http://www.refworld.org/country,,,annualreport,kwt,,3ae6a88954,0.html|archive-date=10 March 2016}}</ref> Kuwait adalah satu-satunya [[Dewan Kerjasama untuk Negara Arab di Teluk|negara GCC]] selain [[Bahrain]] yang memiliki penduduk Kristen lokal yang memegang kewarganegaraan. Ada juga sejumlah kecil warga Kuwait yang mengikuti [[Baháʼí|Iman Baháʼí]].<ref name="irfr2007">{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2007/90214.htm |title=International Religious Freedom Report for 2007 |work=[[US State Department]] |year=2007 |access-date=12 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=البهائيون في الكويت 100 منتمٍ... ومحفل يديره تسعة أشخاص |newspaper=[[Al Rai (Kuwaiti newspaper)|Al Rai]] |url=http://www.alraimedia.com/Articles.aspx?id=583204 |language=ar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706204435/http://www.alraimedia.com/Articles.aspx?id=583204 |archive-date=6 July 2015}}</ref> Kuwait juga memiliki komunitas besar ekspatriat Kristen, [[Agama Hindu|Hindu]], [[Agama Buddha|Budha]], dan [[Sikhisme|Sikh]].<ref name=irfr2007 />
=== Bahasa ===
Bahasa resmi Kuwait adalah [[Bahasa Arab Baku Modern|Bahasa Arab Standar Modern]], tetapi penggunaan sehari-hari terbatas pada jurnalisme dan pendidikan. [[Bahasa Arab Kuwait]] adalah varian bahasa Arab yang digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.<ref>[http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55661/1/U584180.pdf page 19] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713142832/http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55661/1/U584180.pdf |date=13 July 2016}}</ref> [[Bahasa Inggris]] dipahami secara luas dan sering digunakan sebagai bahasa bisnis. Selain bahasa Inggris, [[bahasa Prancis]] diajarkan sebagai bahasa ketiga untuk siswa [[humaniora]] di sekolah, tetapi hanya untuk dua tahun. Bahasa Arab Kuwait adalah varian [[Bahasa Arab Teluk]], yang memiliki kesamaan dengan dialek daerah pesisir tetangga di Arab Timur.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kuwait.tt/articledetails.aspx?Id=161203|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120084008/http://kuwait.tt/articledetails.aspx?Id=161203|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 January 2015|title=خالد الرشيد: "اللهجة الكويتية" "مظلومة" في مدارسنا.. لأن أغلب معلمينا وافدون|date=20 January 2015}}</ref> Karena imigrasi selama sejarah pra-minyak serta perdagangannya, bahasa Arab Kuwait meminjam banyak kata dari bahasa [[Bahasa Persia|Persia]], [[Bahasa di India|India]], [[Bahasa Baluchi|Balochi]], [[Bahasa Turki|Turki]], Inggris, dan [[Bahasa Italia|Italia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.p2bk.com/mag/mag_jan2011.pdf|title=page 28|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713142830/http://www.p2bk.com/mag/mag_jan2011.pdf|archive-date=13 July 2016}}</ref>
Karena imigrasi historis, [[Bahasa Persia Kuwait|Persia Kuwait]] digunakan di kalangan [[Ajam Kuwait]].<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Alhabib|first=Mohammad E.|url=http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=history_theses|title=The Shia Migration from Southwestern Iran to Kuwait: Push-Pull Factors during the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries|work=[[Georgia State University]]|year=2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227165722/http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=history_theses|archive-date=27 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/nacil/pdfs/abstracts/Gazsi_NACIL1.pdf|title=The Persian Dialects of the Ajam in Kuwait|work=The University of Iowa|first=Dénes|last=Gazsi}}</ref> Sub-dialek [[Rumpun bahasa Iran|Iran]] [[Bahasa Achomi|Larestani]], Khonji, Bastaki dan Gerashi juga mempengaruhi kosa kata bahasa Arab Kuwait.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=euezAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11|title=Lang & Linguistic in Bahrain|work=Al-Tajir|date=2013|pages=11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105063055/http://books.google.com/books?id=euezAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11&dq|archive-date=5 January 2014|isbn=9781136136269|last1=Al-Tajir}}</ref> Sebagian besar warga Syiah Kuwait adalah keturunan [[Bangsa Iran|Iran]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C9TkD3ugwEUC&pg=PA190|title=Citizenship and the State in the Middle East: Approaches and Applications|work=Nils August Butenschøn, Uri Davis, Manuel Sarkis Hassassian|date=2000|pages=190|isbn=9780815628293|last1=Butenschon|first1=Nils A.|last2=Davis|first2=Uri|last3=Hassassian|first3=Manuel}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=http://michaelherb.net/herb_shia_gulf.pdf|title=Ethnic Conflict and International Politics in the Middle East |year=1999 |pages=164 |quote=Unlike the Shi'a of Saudi Arabia or Bahrain, the Kuwaiti Shi'a mostly are of Persian descent. |isbn=9780813016870 |last1=Binder |first1=Leonard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208101957/http://books.google.com/books?id=h96DAuS0dLkC&pg=PA164&dq |archive-date=8 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yczrAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA72 |title=Business Politics in the Middle East |work=Rivka Azoulay |year=2013 |pages=71|isbn=9781849042352 |last1=Hertog |first1=Steffen |last2=Luciani |first2=Giacomo |last3=Valeri |first3=Marc}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-dM4hPlxMw8C&pg=PA533 |title=Islam in the World Today: A Handbook of Politics, Religion, Culture, and Society |work=Werner Ende, Udo Steinbach |year=2002 |pages=533|isbn=0801464897 |last1=Ende |first1=Werner |last2=Steinbach |first2=Udo}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6EBeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA135|title=Sectarian Politics in the Persian Gulf|work=Lawrence G. Potter|pages=135|isbn=9780190237967|last1=Potter|first1=Lawrence G.|date=June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B8wnEtH8oDgC&pg=PA47|title=Transnational Shia Politics: Religious and Political Networks in the Gulf|work=Laurence Louër|pages=47|isbn=9781849042147|last1=Louër|first1=Laurence|year=2011}}</ref>
== Budaya ==
{{utama|Budaya Kuwait}}
Budaya populer Kuwait, dalam bentuk teater, radio, musik, dan sinetron televisi berkembang pesat dan bahkan diekspor ke negara-negara tetangga.<ref name="cliv">{{cite book|first=Clive|last=Holes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8E0Rr1xY4TQC&pg=PA75|title=Modern Arabic: Structures, Functions, and Varieties|date=2004|page=75|publisher=Georgetown University Press|isbn=978-1-58901-022-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Ali|last=Alawi|url=http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/features/alis-roadtrip-from-bahrain-to-kuwait-photos_13423|title=Ali's roadtrip from Bahrain to Kuwait (PHOTOS)|quote=The trip to Kuwait – a country that has built a deep connection with people in the Persian Gulf thanks to its significant drama productions in theater, television, and even music – started with 25 kilometers of spectacular sea view|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417033320/http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/features/alis-roadtrip-from-bahrain-to-kuwait-photos_13423|archive-date=17 April 2016|date=6 March 2013|access-date=20 April 2016}}</ref> Di [[negara-negara Arab di Teluk Persia]], budaya Kuwait paling dekat dengan budaya Bahrain; ini terbukti dalam hubungan erat antara kedua negara dalam produksi teater dan sinetron.<ref>{{cite book |editor-first1=S.S. |editor-last1=Zubir |editor-first2=C.A. |editor-last2=Brebbia |url={{google books|yeg8AwAAQBAJ|page=599|plainurl=yes}} |title=The Sustainable City VIII (2 Volume Set): Urban Regeneration and Sustainability |series=Volume 179 of WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment |publisher=WIT Press |location=Ashurst, Southampton, UK |date=2014 |page=599 |isbn=978-1-84564-746-9}}</ref>
=== Seni ===
[[File:Mubarkiya play.jpg|thumb|250px|Sebuah drama teater berjudul "Fateh Masr" di sekolah Al Mubarikya pada tahun 1940-an.]]
Kuwait memiliki industri [[seni pertunjukan]] tertua di [[Jazirah Arab]].<ref name="ktv">{{cite thesis|url=https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5088&context=etd|first=Ahmad|last=Hamada|title=The Integration History of Kuwaiti Television from 1957-1990: An Audience-Generated Oral Narrative on the Arrival and Integration of the Device in the City|publisher=[[Virginia Commonwealth University]]|date=2015}}</ref> Industri drama televisi Kuwait adalah industri drama Teluk Arab terbesar dan paling aktif dan setiap tahun memproduksi minimal lima belas serial.<ref name="omn" /><ref name="ahma">{{cite encyclopedia|editor-first1=Andrew|editor-last1=Hammond|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P57PDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA143|title=Pop Culture in North Africa and the Middle East: Entertainment and Society Around the World|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=California|date=2017|pages=143–144|isbn=9781440833847}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://omanobserver.om/closer-cultural-relations-two-countries/|title=Closer cultural relations between the two countries|quote=The Kuwaiti television is considered the most active in the Gulf Arab region, as it has contributed to the development of television drama in Kuwait and the Persian Gulf region. Therefore, all the classics of the Gulf television drama are today Kuwaiti dramas by Kuwaiti actors|newspaper=[[Oman Daily Observer]]|date=20 February 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415200332/http://omanobserver.om/closer-cultural-relations-two-countries/|archive-date=15 April 2017|access-date=14 April 2017}}</ref> Kuwait adalah pusat produksi utama drama televisi dan adegan komedi Teluk.<ref name="ahma" /> Sebagian besar drama televisi Teluk dan produksi komedi difilmkan di Kuwait.<ref name="ahma" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.broadcastprome.com/content-creation/big-plans-for-small-screens/#.VwhXXvl97IV|title=Big plans for small screens|work=BroadcastPro Me|quote=Around 90% of Khaleeji productions take place in Kuwait.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423065348/http://www.broadcastprome.com/content-creation/big-plans-for-small-screens/#.VwhXXvl97IV|archive-date=23 April 2016|access-date=9 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Constantinos|last=Papavassilopoulos|url=https://technology.ihs.com/496709/osn-targets-new-markets-by-enriching-its-arabic-content-offering|title=OSN targets new markets by enriching its Arabic content offering|work=[[IHS Inc.]]|date=10 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422205143/https://technology.ihs.com/496709/osn-targets-new-markets-by-enriching-its-arabic-content-offering|archive-date=22 April 2016|access-date=9 April 2016}}</ref> Opera sabun Kuwait adalah sinetron yang paling banyak ditonton dari wilayah Teluk.<ref name="omn">{{cite news|first=Fahad|last=Al Mukrashi|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/omanis-turn-their-backs-on-local-dramas-1.1568086|title=Omanis turn their backs on local dramas|newspaper=Gulf News|date=22 August 2015|quote=Kuwait's drama industry tops other Gulf drama as it has very prominent actors and actresses, enough scripts and budgets, produces fifteen serials annually at least.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425210746/http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/omanis-turn-their-backs-on-local-dramas-1.1568086|archive-date=25 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="fattah">{{cite news|first=Nawara|last=Fattahova|url=http://news.kuwaittimes.net/first-kuwaiti-horror-movie-to-be-set-in-haunted-palace-chilling-news-for-film-buffs/|title=First Kuwaiti horror movie to be set in "haunted" palace|quote=Kuwait's TV soaps and theatrical plays are among the best in the region and second most popular after Egypt in the Middle East.|newspaper=Kuwait Times|date=26 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518100511/http://news.kuwaittimes.net/first-kuwaiti-horror-movie-to-be-set-in-haunted-palace-chilling-news-for-film-buffs/|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Bjørn T.|last=Asheim|title=An Innovation driven Economic Diversification Strategy for Kuwait|url=http://www.kfas.org/media/06ad8542-ef34-42b1-a274-1d854f5c9407/CtBx-A/Studies%20and%20Research%20Papers/An%20Innovation%20driven%20Economic%20Diversification%20Strategy%20for%20Kuwait.pdf|publisher=Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences|pages=9|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710120935/http://kfas.org/media/06ad8542-ef34-42b1-a274-1d854f5c9407/CtBx-A/Studies%20and%20Research%20Papers/An%20Innovation%20driven%20Economic%20Diversification%20Strategy%20for%20Kuwait.pdf|archive-date=10 July 2017|access-date=27 August 2017}}</ref> Sinetron paling populer selama bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]], ketika keluarga berkumpul untuk berbuka puasa.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theasian.asia/archives/87665|title=Kuwaiti Drama Museum: formulating thoughts of the Gulf|date=23 May 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427062226/http://www.theasian.asia/archives/87665|archive-date=27 April 2016|access-date=20 April 2016}}</ref> Meskipun biasanya dipertunjukkan dalam dialek Kuwait, pertunjukan ini sukses sampai ke [[Tunisia]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Peter |last=Mansfield |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uzy_AAAAIAAJ |title=Kuwait: vanguard of the Gulf |publisher=Hutchinson |date=1990 |page=113 |isbn=9780091736040 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416061149/https://books.google.com/books?id=Uzy_AAAAIAAJ&q |archive-date=16 April 2017}}</ref> Kuwait sering disebut sebagai "[[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] Teluk" karena popularitas sinetron dan teater televisinya.<ref name="Hollywood">{{cite book|first1=Fatima|last1=Alsalem|url=https://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0238/chapters/10.11647/obp.0238.10|title=Kuwait From "Hollywood of the Gulf" to Social Media Diwaniyas|series=Global Communications |year=2021|volume=3 |pages=163–180|doi=10.11647/obp.0238 |isbn=978-1-80064-059-7 |s2cid=234896146 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticlePrintPage.aspx?id=2478560&language=ar|title=Kuwait Cultural Days kick off in Seoul|work=[[Kuwait News Agency]]|language=ar|date=18 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713142819/http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticlePrintPage.aspx?id=2478560&language=ar|archive-date=13 July 2016}}</ref>
Kuwait memiliki gerakan [[seni modern]] tertua di Jazirah Arab.<ref name="movemnt">{{cite encyclopedia|editor-first1=Jonathan|editor-last1=Bloom|editor-first2=Blair|editor-last2=Sheila|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&pg=RA1-PA405|edition=2009|title=Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture: Three-Volume Set|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=London|date=2009|page=405|isbn=978-0-19-530991-1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430090859/https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC|archive-date=30 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|editor-first1=Sherifa |editor-last1=Zuhur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MOVPaLXjjsAC|edition=2001 |title=Colors of Enchantment: Theater, Dance, Music, and the Visual Arts of the Middle East|publisher=American University in Cairo Press|location=New York|date=2001|page=383|isbn=9781617974809}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Bjørn T.|last=Asheim|title=An Innovation driven Economic Diversification Strategy for Kuwait|url=http://www.kfas.org/media/06ad8542-ef34-42b1-a274-1d854f5c9407/CtBx-A/Studies%20and%20Research%20Papers/An%20Innovation%20driven%20Economic%20Diversification%20Strategy%20for%20Kuwait.pdf|publisher=Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences|pages=49–50|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710120935/http://kfas.org/media/06ad8542-ef34-42b1-a274-1d854f5c9407/CtBx-A/Studies%20and%20Research%20Papers/An%20Innovation%20driven%20Economic%20Diversification%20Strategy%20for%20Kuwait.pdf|archive-date=10 July 2017|access-date=27 August 2017}}</ref> Mulai tahun 1936, Kuwait menjadi negara Teluk Arab pertama yang memberikan beasiswa dalam bidang seni.<ref name=movemnt /> Seniman Kuwait [[Mojeb al-Dousari]] adalah [[Seni rupa|seniman visual]] paling awal yang dikenal di kawasan Teluk Arab.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sultan Sooud |last=Al Qassemi |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/11/gulf-visual-arts-modern-indigenous-tradition-misconception.html# |title=Correcting misconceptions of the Gulf's modern art movement |newspaper=Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East |date=22 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129020838/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/11/gulf-visual-arts-modern-indigenous-tradition-misconception.html |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> Ia dianggap sebagai pendiri seni potret di wilayah tersebut.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ateliervoyage.com/destinations/?land=kuwait |title=Kuwait |website=Atelier Voyage |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129051742/http://ateliervoyage.com/destinations/?land=kuwait |archive-date=29 November 2014 |access-date=16 November 2014}}</ref> Galeri Sultan adalah galeri seni Arab profesional pertama di Teluk.<ref>{{cite web |first=Kristine |last=Khouri |title=Mapping Arab Art through the Sultan Gallery |date=15 April 2014 |url=http://arteeast.org/quarterly/mapping-arab-art-through-the-sultan-gallery/ |publisher=ArteEast |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011010704/http://arteeast.org/quarterly/mapping-arab-art-through-the-sultan-gallery/ |archive-date=11 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Sultan Gallery – Kristine Khouri|website = [[YouTube]]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jsr5SSWKfPQ|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118010904/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jsr5SSWKfPQ|archive-date=18 January 2016}}</ref>
=== Sastra ===
Kuwait dalam beberapa tahun terakhir telah menghasilkan beberapa penulis kontemporer terkemuka seperti [[Ismail Fahd Ismail]], penulis lebih dari dua puluh novel dan banyak koleksi cerita pendek. Ada juga bukti bahwa sastra Kuwait telah lama berinteraksi dengan [[Kesusastraan bahasa Inggris|sastra Inggris]] dan [[Sastra Prancis|Perancis]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Kuwaiti literature interacts with foreign literatures – study|url=http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=1897106&language=en|website=KUNA}}</ref>
=== Olahraga ===
[[File:Kuwaiti women.jpg|thumb|right|Penonton di pertandingan sepak bola lokal.]]
[[Sepak bola]] adalah olahraga paling populer di Kuwait. [[Asosiasi Sepak Bola Kuwait]] (KFA) adalah badan pengatur sepak bola di Kuwait. KFA mengatur [[Tim nasional sepak bola Kuwait|tim nasional]] pria, wanita, dan futsal. [[Liga Utama Kuwait]] adalah liga teratas sepak bola Kuwait, menampilkan delapan belas tim.
[[Bola basket]] menjadi salah satu olahraga paling populer di negara ini. [[Tim nasional bola basket Kuwait]] diatur oleh Asosiasi Bola Basket Kuwait (KBA). Kuwait melakukan debut internasionalnya pada tahun 1959. Tim nasional telah mengikuti [[Piala Asia FIBA|Kejuaraan Bola Basket FIBA Asia]] sebelas kali.
[[Hoki es]] di Kuwait diatur oleh Asosiasi Hoki Es Kuwait. Kuwait pertama kali bergabung dengan [[Federasi Hoki Es Internasional]] pada tahun 1985, tetapi dikeluarkan pada tahun 1992 karena kurangnya aktivitas hoki es.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-42.html|title=Story #42;Breakup of old Europe creates a new hockey world|website=International Ice Hockey Federation|access-date=9 June 2009|year=2008|author1=Szemberg, Szymon |author2=Podnieks, Andrew|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615155631/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-42.html|archive-date=15 June 2009}}</ref> Kuwait diterima kembali di IIHF pada Mei 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/article/welcome-georgia-kuwait.html?tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=2912&cHash=397959c9ce |title=Welcome, Georgia & Kuwait |date=13 May 2009 |website=International Ice Hockey Federation |access-date=9 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228102759/http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/article/welcome-georgia-kuwait.html?tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=2912&cHash=397959c9ce |archive-date=28 December 2010}}</ref> Pada 2015, Kuwait memenangkan [[Kejuaraan IIHF Asia dan Oseania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticlePrintPage.aspx?id=2437767&language=en|title=Kuwait wins IIHF Ice Hockey Challenge Cup of Asia|date=12 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204193348/http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticlePrintPage.aspx?id=2437767&language=en|archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.kuwaittimes.net/kuwait-top-ice-hockey-challenge-cup/|title=Kuwait top ice hockey Challenge Cup|date=12 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204123012/http://news.kuwaittimes.net/kuwait-top-ice-hockey-challenge-cup/|archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref>
Pada bulan Februari 2020, untuk pertama kalinya Kuwait mengadakan leg [[Kejuaraan Dunia Aquabike|Kejuaraan Dunia Aquabike UIM]] di depan Marina Beach City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gulftoday.ae/sport/2020/02/14/double-delight-for-team-abu-dhabi-riders-at-kuwait-grand-prix|title=Double delight for Team Abu Dhabi riders at Kuwait Grand Prix|website=www.gulftoday.ae}}</ref>
Pada Mei 2022, Kuwait menjadi tuan rumah Pertandingan Dewan Kerjasama Teluk Ketiga (GCC) di 360 Marina. Acara tersebut menampilkan 16 cabang olahraga yang berbeda, termasuk bola voli, bola basket, renang, atletik, karate, dan judo dan menarik lebih dari 1.700 pemain pria dan wanita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=GDN Online |title=Kuwait: Kuwait names red fox the official mascot of Third GCC Games |url=https://www.gdnonline.com/Details/1071405/Kuwait-names-red-fox-the-official-mascot-of-Third-GCC-Games |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=www.gdnonline.com}}</ref>
== Catatan ==
Baris 98 ⟶ 130:
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Bacaan tambahan ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book | url={{google books|C4K9AAAAIAAJ|plainurl=yes}} |title=The Modern History of Kuwait: 1750–1965 |year=1983 |editor-first=Ahmad Mustafa |editor-last=Abu-Hakima |publisher=Luzac & Company |location=London |isbn=978-0-7189-0259-9}}
* {{cite book | url={{google books|v_FtAAAAMAAJ|plainurl=yes}} |title=History of Eastern Arabia, 1750–1800: The rise and development of Bahrain and Kuwait |year=1965 |editor-first=Ahmad Mustafa |editor-last=Abu-Hakima |publisher=Khayats |location=Bahrain}}
* Bianco, C. (2020a). The GCC monarchies: Perceptions of the Iranian threat amid shifting geopolitics. The International Spectator, 55(2), 92–107.
* Bianco, C. (2020b). A Gulf apart: How Europe can gain influence with the Gulf Cooperation Council. European Council on Foreign Relations, February 2020. Tersedia di: https://ecfr.eu/archive/page/-/a_gulf_apart_how_europe_can_gain_influence_with_gulf_cooperation_council.pdf.
* Bianco, C. (2021). Can Europe Choreograph a Saudi-Iranian Détente? European University Institute, Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies, Middle East Directions. Tersedia di: https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/70351/PB_2021_10-MED.pdf?sequence=1.
* Bianco, C., & Stansfield, G. (2018). The intra-GCC crises: Mapping GCC fragmentation after 2011. International Affairs, 94(3), 613–635.
* Miniaoui, Héla, ed. Economic Development in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: From Rentier States to Diversified Economies. Vol. 1. Springer Nature, 2020.
* Guzansky, Y., & Even, S. (2020). The economic crisis in the Gulf States: A challenge to the "contract" between rulers and ruled. INSS Insight No. 1327, June 1, 2020. Tersedia di: https://www.INSS.org.il/publication/gulf-states-economy/?offset=7&posts=201&outher=Yoel%20Guzansky.
* Guzansky, Y., & Marshall, Z. A. (2020). The Abraham accords: Immediate significance and long-term implications. Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, 1–11.
* Guzansky, Y., & Segal, E. (2020). All in the family: Leadership changes in the Gulf. INSS Insight No. 1378, August 30, 2020. Tersedia di: https://www.INSS.org.il/publication/gulf-royal-families/?offset=1&posts=201&outher=Yoel%20Guzansky
* Guzansky, Y., & Winter, O. (2020). Apolitical Normalization: A New Approach to Jews in Arab States. INSS Insight No. 1332, June 8, 2020. Tersedia di: https://www.INSS.org.il/publication/judaism-in-the-arab-world/?offset=5&posts=201&outher=Yoel%20Guzansky.
* {{Cite book |last1=Tausch |first1=Arno |title=The political algebra of global value change. General models and implications for the Muslim world |last2=Heshmati |first2=Almas |last3=Karoui |first3=Hichem |publisher=Nova Science |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-62948-899-8 |edition=1st |location=New York }} Tersedia di: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290349218_The_political_algebra_of_global_value_change_General_models_and_implications_for_the_Muslim_world
* {{Cite book |last1=Tausch |first1=Arno |title= The Future of the Gulf Region: Value Change and Global Cycles. Gulf Studies, Volume 2, edited by Prof. Mizanur Rahman, Qatar University |publisher=Springer|year=2021 |isbn=978-3-030-78298-6|edition=1st |location=Cham, Switzerland }}
* Woertz, Eckart. "Wither the self-sufficiency illusion? Food security in Arab Gulf States and the impact of COVID-19." Food Security 12.4 (2020): 757-760.
* Zweiri, Mahjoob, Md Mizanur Rahman, and Arwa Kamal, eds. The 2017 Gulf Crisis: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Vol. 3. Springer Nature, 2020.
{{refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
Baris 110 ⟶ 162:
[[Kategori:Kuwait| ]]
[[Kategori:Negara di Timur Tengah]]
[[Kategori:Negara di Asia]]
[[Kategori:Negara mayoritas Muslim]]
[[Kategori:Negara berbahasa Arab]]
[[Kategori:Negara anggota Organisasi Kerja Sama Islam]]
[[Kategori:Negara anggota Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]
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