Masjid: Perbedaan antara revisi

Awalnya masjid adalah tempat salat sederhana bagi [[Muslim|umat Islam]], dan mungkin merupakan ruang terbuka daripada bangunan.{{sfn|Grabar|1969|p=34|ps=: "The main characteristic, then, of this first stage was the creation of a space which served exclusively Muslim purposes and which, in cities that were entirely Muslim, existed on two separate levels of exclusivity. The word masjid is always associated with these spaces, but it does not yet possess any formal structure nor does it have any precise function other than that of excluding non-Muslims."}} Pada tahap pertama [[arsitektur Islam]], 650-750, masjid terdiri dari ruang terbuka dan tertutup yang dikelilingi oleh dinding, seringkali dengan [[menara]] tempat [[azan]] dikeluarkan.{{sfn|Grabar|1969|p=34-35|ps=: "A second stage occurred between 650 and 750. To my knowledge, twenty-seven masjids from this period are archaeologically definable… All mosques had a certain relationship between open and closed covered spaces. The problems posed by this relationship pertain primarily to the history of art, except on one point, which is the apparent tendency to consider the covered parts as the bayt al-salat, i.e. place of prayer, and the rest of the building as an overflow area for prayer. All these buildings were enclosed by walls and did not have an exterior façade. Their orderly form appeared only from the inside where the balance between open and covered spaces served, among other things, to indicate the direction of qibla. Their only outward symbol was the minaret, a feature which appeared early in mosques built in old cities with predominantly non-Muslim populations and only later in primarily Muslim ones."}} Bangunan masjid biasanya berisi ''[[mihrab]]'' dipasang di dinding yang menunjukkan arah [[Kiblat]] ke [[Makkah]],<ref name=ODI/> dan fasilitas [[wudu]].<ref name=ODI/><ref name="campo">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2009 |title=Mosque |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam |publisher=Infobase Publishing |editor=Juan Eduardo Campo |author=Nuha N. N. Khoury}}</ref> [[Mimbar]], tempat di mana [[Khutbah (Islam)|khutbah]] [[salat Jumat]] disampaikan, dulunya adalah karakteristik masjid pusat kota, tetapi sejak itu menjadi umum di masjid-masjid kecil.<ref name=EIMW/><ref name=ODI/> Masjid biasanya memiliki ruang terpisah untuk pria dan wanita.<ref name=ODI/> Pola dasar organisasi ini mengambil bentuk yang berbeda tergantung pada wilayah, periode, dan [[mazhab]].<ref name=campo/>

 

 

Dengan [[penyebaran Islam]], masjid berlipat ganda di seluruh dunia Islam. Terkadang [[gereja]] dan kuil diubah menjadi masjid, yang memengaruhi gaya arsitektur Islam.<ref name=EIMW/> Sementara sebagian besar masjid pra-modern didanai oleh sumbangan amal,<ref name="ODI" /> peningkatan peraturan pemerintah tentang masjid besar telah diimbangi dengan munculnya masjid yang didanai swasta, banyak di antaranya berfungsi sebagai basis untuk berbagai organisasi [[Revivalisme (arsitektur)|revivalis]] [[Islam]] dan aktivitas sosial.<ref name=EIMW/> Masjid telah memainkan sejumlah peran politik. Tingkat kehadiran masjid sangat bervariasi tergantung pada wilayah.