Krisis Timor Timur 1999: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
penambahan, mantan komandan milisi Mahidi (Mati Hidup dengan Indonesia) akhirnya menyerah dan lebih memilih utk bergabung dengan Timor Leste, dikutip sumber dari UCA News.
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(36 revisi perantara oleh 14 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Krisis Timor Timur 1999
| partof = [[Dekolonisasi Asia]], [[Pendudukan Indonesia di Timor Timur]] dan [[Kejatuhan Soeharto|Kejatuhan Suharto]]
| campaign =
| image = Destroyed houses 19.jpg
| image_size = 350px
| caption = Rumah-rumah yang hancur di [[Dili]].
| date = April 1999 – 2005<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.police.govt.nz/about-us/programmes-and-initiatives/international-service-group-isg/past-isg-deployments|title=Past ISG deployments|website=New Zealand Police}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/aug/01/indonesia.theeditorpressreview|title=The Editor briefing|author=Guardian Staff|date=31 Juli 2005|website=The Guardian}}</ref>
| place = [[Timor Leste]]
| territory =
| status = Kemenangan taktis Timor Timur
* Kekalahan milisi pro-Indonesia
* Stabilisasi Timor Timur
Baris 20:
Kemenangan strategis milisi pro-Indonesia<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucanews.com/news/timor-leste-dancing-to-indonesias-tune-despite-20-years-of-independence/86000|title=Timor-Leste dancing to Indonesia's tune despite 20 years of independence - UCA News|website=ucanews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.e-ir.info/2012/04/06/failed-humanitarian-intervention-in-east-timor/|title=Failed Humanitarian Intervention in East Timor|date=6 April 2012}}</ref>
* 80% infrastruktur Timor Timur hancur akibat [[Operasi Bumi Hangus Timor Timur|Operasi Bumi Hangus]]
| combatant1 = {{flagcountry|Timor Leste}}<br>[[File:INTERFET Logo.jpg|21px]] [[Pasukan Internasional untuk Timor Timur|INTERFET]]<br>[[File:UNTAET logo.png|21px]] [[Administrasi Sementara PBB di Timor Timur|UNTAET]]
<br />
{{Collapsible list
Baris 44:
| {{flagcountry|Gambia}}&nbsp;
| {{flagcountry|Ghana}}&nbsp;
|
| {{flagcountry|Indonesia}}&nbsp;
| {{flagcountry|Irlandia}}&nbsp;
| {{flagcountry|Israel}}&nbsp;
Baris 87:
| {{flagcountry|Zimbabwe}}&nbsp;
}}
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Milisi pro-Indonesia di Timor Leste|Milisi pro-Indonesia]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robinson|first=Geoffrey|title=People's war: militias in East Timor and Indonesia|url=https://history.ucla.edu/sites/default/files/u184/robinson/gr_-_peoples_war_.pdf|journal=South East Asia Research|year=2001|volume=9|issue=3|pages=271–318|doi=10.5367/000000001101297414|s2cid=29365341}}</ref>
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]] <small>(hingga September 1999)</small>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Indonesian National Armed ForcesAITARAK.svg}} [[TNIAitarak]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of theBesi IndonesianMerah National PolicePutih.pngsvg}} [[POLRIBesi Merah Putih]]
----
{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Milisi pro-Indonesia di Timor Leste|Milisi pro-Indonesia]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://en.tempo.co/read/911810/former-east-timor-pro-integration-militias-demand-compensation |title=Former East Timor Pro-Integration Militias Demand Compensation |date=27 September 2017 |publisher= Tempco.co |access-date=26 Mei 2022 |work=[[Tempo.co]] }}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|AITARAK flag.png}} [[Aitarak]]
* [[Besi Merah Putih]]
* [[Garda Muda Penegak Integrasi]]
* [[Laksaur]]
* {{flagicon image|Mahidi Symbol.svg}} [[Mahidi]]
'''Didukung oleh:'''
*[[File:Lambang Kopassus.svg|25px]] [[Komando Pasukan Khusus|Kopassus]] (dugaan)
*[[File:The{{flagicon Nationalimage|Flag of the Indonesian State Intelligence Agency (Indonesia).svg|25px]]png}} [[Badan Intelijen Negara Republik Indonesia|BIN]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/indonesia-bugged-australia-20041115-gdyzv0.html|title=Indonesia 'bugged' Australia|date=15 November 2004|website=The Age}}</ref>
*Lobi Jakarta<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nautilus.org/publications/books/australian-forces-abroad/security-general/the-collins-allegations/|title=The Collins allegations &#124; Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability|date=19 Desember 2011|website=nautilus.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2004/s1088231.htm|title=PM - A look behind the 'Jakarta Lobby'|website=www.abc.net.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2004/s1086652.htm|title=PM - Intelligence analyst blasts the DIO|website=www.abc.net.au}}</ref>
| commander1 = {{plainlist|
*{{flagicon|Australia}} [[John Howard]]
*{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Peter Cosgrove]]
Baris 110 ⟶ 106:
*{{flagicon|Portugal}} Brigjen. Paulo Pereira Guerreiro {{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2002/09/44572-east-timor-mourns-death-un-peacekeeping-forces-top-military-observer|title=East Timor mourns death of UN peacekeeping force's top military observer|date=9 September 2002|website=UN News}}</ref>
}}
| commander2 = {{flagdeco|Indonesia}} [[Wiranto]]<br /> {{flagdeco|Indonesia}}{{flagicon image|AITARAKFlag flagof AITARAK.pngsvg}} [[Eurico Guterres]] <br /> {{flagdeco|Indonesia}} [[Manuel de Sousa]] <br/>{{flagdeco|Indonesia}} [[Olivio Mendonca Moruk]] {{KIA}} <br/> {{flagdeco|Indonesia}} [[Câncio Lopezde Carvalho|Câncio Lopes de Carvalho]] {{surrendered}} <ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.ucanews.com/story-archive/?post_name=/2001/10/31/projakarta-militia-group-returns-home-to-east-timor&post_id=19470 |title= PRO-JAKARTA MILITIA GROUP RETURNS HOME TO EAST TIMOR |date=30 October 2001 |publisher=UCA news|access-date=28 January 2023 }}</ref>
| casualties1 = {{Collapsible list
| casualties1 = *{{flagicon|Timor Leste}} [[Timor Leste]] – 16 tewas (staf PBB lokal)<ref>https://data.humdata.org/dataset/4ce16b45-5526-471d-8918-2ed76082f1c8/resource/4cfc43b6-cc9c-403b-966f-fc37b8dd7d4b/download/odp_noticas.csv</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/stats_by_nationality_mission_2_61_mar2021.pdf|title=United Nations peacekeeping|at=Fatalities by Nationality and Mission up to 3/31/2021 11:59:59 pm|website=peacekeeping.un.org|accessdate=26 Mei 2022}}</ref>
|title=Daftar lengkap:
|bullets=on
| casualties1 = *{{flagicon|Timor Leste}} [[Timor Leste]] – 16 tewas (staf PBB lokal)<ref>https://data.humdata.org/dataset/4ce16b45-5526-471d-8918-2ed76082f1c8/resource/4cfc43b6-cc9c-403b-966f-fc37b8dd7d4b/download/odp_noticas.csv</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/stats_by_nationality_mission_2_61_mar2021.pdf|title=United Nations peacekeeping|at=Fatalities by Nationality and Mission up to 3/31/2021 11:59:59 pm|website=peacekeeping.un.org|accessdate=26 Mei 2022}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Australia]] – 2 tewas secara tidak sengaja<ref>{{cite book|last=Londey|first=Peter|year=2004|title=Other People's Wars: A History of Australian Peacekeeping|location=Crows Nest, New South Wales| publisher=Allen & Unwin|isbn=1-86508-651-7|pages=256, 259}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|Selandia Baru}} [[Selandia Baru]] – 5 tewas (4 karena kecelakaan)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/indonesia-and-east-timor/news/article.cfm%3Fc_id%3D589%26objectid%3D2197691 |author=Aronson, Cathy |title=Fifth NZ soldier dies in East Timor |date=28 Juli 2002 |work=NZ Herald |access-date=26 Mei 2022 }}{{Dead link|date=Mei 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Baris 132 ⟶ 131:
*{{flagicon|Tajikistan}} [[Tajikistan]] – 1 tewas<ref name="auto"/>
*Total: 64 tewas
*49 staf PBB dan LSM yang ditangkap kemudian dibebaskan<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/122568724/the-untold-story-of-the-daring-nz-sas-mission-to-rescue-un-personnel-in-west-timor|title=The untold story of the daring NZ SAS mission to rescue UN personnel in West Timor|date=5 September 2020|website=Stuff}}</ref>}}
| casualties2 = {{Collapsible list
| casualties2 = 15–19 tewas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nippon.com/en/currents/d00275/|title=Japan Self-Defense Forces Participation in UN Peacekeeping: An Idea Whose Time is Past|date=5 Desember 2016|website=nippon.com}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.etan.org/et2005/november/07/10files.htm|title=Files reveal East Timor clashes|website=www.etan.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/documents-link-nz-forces-with-aussie-torture-probe/6SBFIMWEXPO4MR2J3HNU3OUV7I/|title=Documents link NZ forces with Aussie torture probe|website=NZ Herald}}</ref>
|title=Daftar lengkap:
301+ ditangkap<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S5n-fTmJTBIC&q=portuguese+soldier+operation+cobra&pg=PA70|title = Peacekeeping in East Timor: The Path to Independence|isbn = 9781588261427|last1 = Alcott|first1 = Louisa May|last2 = Smith|first2 = Michael Geoffrey|last3 = Dee|first3 = Moreen|year = 2003}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/ASIANOW/southeast/9909/28/e.timor.02/|title=ASIANOW - Peacekeepers capture suspected elite forces in East Timor - September 28, 1999|website=www.cnn.com}}</ref>
|bullets=on
| casualties3 = 1.400 warga sipil tewas<br>220.000+ pengungsi<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2020/9/5f59f0174/remembering-unhcr-colleagues-killed-in-atambua-west-timor-twenty-years.html |title=Remembering UNHCR colleagues killed in Atambua, West Timor, twenty years on |publisher= UNHCR |date=10 September 2020 |access-date=26 Mei 2022}}</ref><br>3 staf UNHCR tewas<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2000/9/3ae6b81733/unhcr-confirms-three-staff-killed-west-timor-attack.html |title=UNHCR confirms three staff killed in West Timor attack |date=6 September 2000 |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=26 Mei 2022}}</ref><br>2 jurnalis tewas<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cpj.org/2000/03/attacks-on-the-press-1999-east-timor-formerly-indo/ |title=Attacks on the Press 1999: East Timor |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists |date= 22 Maret 2000|access-date=26 Mei 2022}}</ref><br>1 tentara Indonesia tewas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/nz-peacekeepers-kill-indonesian-soldier/Z2KOVXHV7QRQJKGOKODFE7W5OI/|title=NZ peacekeepers kill Indonesian soldier|website=NZ Herald}}</ref><br>1 polisi indonesia tewas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/interfet-fires-at-indonesian-police-near-frontier-post-1.237208?mode=amp|title=Interfet fires at Indonesian police near frontier post|website=www.irishtimes.com}}</ref>
| casualties2 = 15–19 tewas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nippon.com/en/currents/d00275/|title=Japan Self-Defense Forces Participation in UN Peacekeeping: An Idea Whose Time is Past|date=5 Desember 2016|website=nippon.com}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.etan.org/et2005/november/07/10files.htm|title=Files reveal East Timor clashes|website=www.etan.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/documents-link-nz-forces-with-aussie-torture-probe/6SBFIMWEXPO4MR2J3HNU3OUV7I/|title=Documents link NZ forces with Aussie torture probe|website=NZ Herald}}</ref><br>
| strength1 = 11,000 militer dan polisi<ref>{{cite web | url=https://etan.org/et99c/october/24-31/25unsc.htm | title=UNSC Authorizes UN Troops for East Timor }}</ref>
301+ ditangkap<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S5n-fTmJTBIC&q=portuguese+soldier+operation+cobra&pg=PA70|title = Peacekeeping in East Timor: The Path to Independence|isbn = 9781588261427|last1 = Alcott|first1 = Louisa May|last2 = Smith|first2 = Michael Geoffrey|last3 = Dee|first3 = Moreen|year = 2003}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/ASIANOW/southeast/9909/28/e.timor.02/|title=ASIANOW - Peacekeepers capture suspected elite forces in East Timor - September 28, 1999|website=www.cnn.com}}</ref>}}
| strength2 = 13,000 milisi pro-Indonesia<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.tempo.co/read/911810/former-east-timor-pro-integration-militias-demand-compensation |title=Former East Timor Pro-Integration Militias Demand Compensation |date=27 September 2017 |publisher= Tempco.co |access-date=12 November 2020 }}</ref>
| casualties3 = 1.400 warga sipil tewas<br>220.000+ pengungsi<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2020/9/5f59f0174/remembering-unhcr-colleagues-killed-in-atambua-west-timor-twenty-years.html |title=Remembering UNHCR colleagues killed in Atambua, West Timor, twenty years on |publisher= UNHCR |date=10 September 2020 |access-date=26 Mei 2022}}</ref><br>3 staf UNHCR tewas<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2000/9/3ae6b81733/unhcr-confirms-three-staff-killed-west-timor-attack.html |title=UNHCR confirms three staff killed in West Timor attack |date=6 September 2000 |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=26 Mei 2022}}</ref><br>2 jurnalis tewas<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cpj.org/2000/03/attacks-on-the-press-1999-east-timor-formerly-indo/ |title=Attacks on the Press 1999: East Timor |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists |date= 22 Maret 2000|access-date=26 Mei 2022}}</ref><br>1 tentara Indonesia tewas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/nz-peacekeepers-kill-indonesian-soldier/Z2KOVXHV7QRQJKGOKODFE7W5OI/|title=NZ peacekeepers kill Indonesian soldier|website=NZ Herald}}</ref><br>1 polisi indonesia tewas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/interfet-fires-at-indonesian-police-near-frontier-post-1.237208?mode=amp|title=Interfet fires at Indonesian police near frontier post|website=www.irishtimes.com}}</ref>
| strength1 = 11,000 militer dan polisi<ref>{{cite web | url=https://etan.org/et99c/october/24-31/25unsc.htm | title=UNSC Authorizes UN Troops for East Timor }}</ref>
{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Milisistrength2 pro-Indonesia di Timor Leste|Milisi= 13,000 milisi pro-Indonesia]]<ref>{{Citecite web news|url=https://en.tempo.co/read/911810/former-east-timor-pro-integration-militias-demand-compensation |title=Former East Timor Pro-Integration Militias Demand Compensation |date=27 September 2017 |publisher= Tempco.co |access-date=2612 MeiNovember 2022 |work=[[Tempo.co]]2020 }}</ref>
}}
 
{{Sejarah Timor Leste}}
'''Krisis Timor Timur tahun 1999''' dimulaiatau '''Operasi Guntur''' adalah tindakan pembalasan oleh [[milisi pro-Indonesia]] terhadap rakyat Timor Timur dalam rangka hasil positif referendum kemerdekaan di Timor Timur pada tanggal 30 Agustus 1999. Dimulai dengan serangan militan anti-kemerdekaan terhadap warga sipil, dan meluas menjadi kerusuhan di seluruh Timor Timur, berpusat di ibu kota [[Dili]]. Kerusuhan meletus setelah mayoritas pemilih referendum Timor Timur memilih merdeka dari [[Indonesia]]. Sekitar 1.400 penduduk tewas. Tentara yang beraliansi dengan PBB ([[INTERFET]]), yang terdiri sebagian besar dari [[Angkatan Bersenjata Australia]] dikirim ke Timor Timur untuk mengembalikan stabilitas dan menjaga perdamaian.
 
== Latar belakang ==
Baris 154 ⟶ 156:
 
== Pemungutan suara dan kekerasan ==
[[File:Alexius zerstörtes Dili 2000.jpg|thumb|Kehancuran di Dili.]]
 
{{Main|Referendum kemerdekaan Timor Leste 1999}}
 
Ketika kelompok-kelompok pendukung otonomi dan kemerdekaan mulai berkampanye, serangkaian [[Milisi pro-Indonesia di Timor Leste|kelompok paramiliter pro-integrasi]] dari Timor Timur mulai mengancam kekerasan—dan memang melakukan kekerasan—di seluruh negeri. Dengan tuduhan bias pro-kemerdekaan di pihak UNAMET, kelompok-kelompok tersebut terlihat bekerja sama dan menerima pelatihan dari tentara Indonesia. Sebelum kesepakatan Mei diumumkan, serangan paramiliter bulan April di [[Liquiçá]] oleh milisi pro-Indonesia [[Besi Merah Putih]] menyebabkan puluhan orang Timor Timur tewas. Pada tanggal 16 Mei 1999, komplotan yang didampingi oleh tentara Indonesia menyerang tersangka aktivis kemerdekaan di desa Atara; pada bulan Juni kelompok lain menyerang kantor UNAMET di [[Maliana]]. Pihak berwenang Indonesia mengaku tidak berdaya untuk menghentikan apa yang diklaimnya sebagai kekerasan antara faksi-faksi Timor Timur yang saling bersaing, tetapi [[José Ramos Horta|Ramos-Horta]] orang lain mencemooh gagasan semacam itu.<ref>Nevins, pp. 83–88.</ref> Pada Februari 1999 ia berkata: "Sebelum [Indonesia] mundur, mereka ingin membuat kekacauan besar dan destabilisasi, seperti yang selalu mereka janjikan. Kami telah secara konsisten mendengar bahwa selama bertahun-tahun dari militer Indonesia di Timor."<ref>Quoted in Nevins, p. 84.</ref>
 
Ketika para pemimpin milisi memperingatkan akan "pertumpahan darah", "[[duta besar keliling]]" Indonesia [[Francisco Xavier Lopes da Cruz|Francisco Lopes da Cruz]] menyatakan: "Jika orang menolak otonomi, ada kemungkinan darah akan mengalir di Timor Timur."<ref>Both quoted in Nevins, p. 91.</ref> Seorang pemimpin paramiliter mengumumkan bahwa "lautan api" akan terjadi saat pemungutan suara untuk kemerdekaan.<ref>Quoted in Nevins, p. 92.</ref> Saat tanggal pemungutan suara semakin dekat, laporan tentang kekerasan anti-kemerdekaan terus beredar.<ref>International Federation for East Timor Observer Project. [http://www.etan.org/ifet/report7.html "IFET-OP Report #7: Campaign Period Ends in Wave of Pro-Integration Terror"]. 28 Agustus 1999. Diakses pada 26 Mei 2022.</ref>
Baris 182 ⟶ 184:
 
[[File:Arriving Dili '99-001.jpg|thumb|left|[[HMAS Jervis Bay (AKR 45)|HMAS Jervis Bay]] di Dili pada Oktober 1999.]]
[[INTERFET|Pasukan Internasional untuk Timor Timur]], atau [[Pasukan Internasional Timor Timur|INTERFET]], di bawah komando Mayjen [[Peter Cosgrove]], memasuki Dili pada tanggal 20 September dan pada tanggal 31 Oktober pasukan Indonesia terakhir telah meninggalkan Timor Timur.<ref name="interfet">Nevins, pp. 108–110.</ref> Kedatangan ribuan tentara internasional di Timor Timur menyebabkan milisi melarikan diri melintasi perbatasan ke Indonesia, dimana serangan lintas batas sporadis oleh milisi terhadap pasukan INTERFET dilakukan
 
[[UNTAET|Administrasi Sementara PBB di Timor Timur]] ([[Administrasi Sementara PBB di Timor Timur|UNTAET]]) didirikan pada akhir Oktober dan mengatur wilayah itu selama dua tahun. Kontrol negara diserahkan kepada Pemerintah Timor Leste dan kemerdekaan dideklarasikan pada 20 Mei 2002.<ref>[https://www.un.org/apps/news/storyAr.asp?NewsID=3714&Cr=timor&Cr1= "New country, East Timor, is born; UN, which aided transition, vows continued help"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710034213/http://www.un.org/apps/news/storyAr.asp?NewsID=3714&Cr=timor&Cr1= |date=10 Juli 2011 }}. ''UN News Centre''. 19 Mei 2002. Diakses pada 26 Mei 2022.</ref> Pada tanggal 27 September di tahun yang sama, Timor Leste bergabung dengan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa sebagai anggota ke-191.<ref>[https://www.un.org/apps/news/storyAr.asp?NewsID=4863&Cr=Timor&Cr1= "UN General Assembly admits Timor-Leste as 191st member"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218112646/http://www.un.org/apps/news/storyAr.asp?NewsID=4863&Cr=Timor&Cr1= |date=18 Desember 2007 }}. ''UN News Centre''. 27 September 2002. Diakses pada 26 Mei 2022.</ref>
 
Sebagian besar pasukan militer INTERFET berasal dari Australia—lebih dari 5.500 tentara pada puncaknya, termasuk [[infanteri]] [[brigade]], dengan dukungan lapis baja dan penerbangan—sementara 22 negara lain akhirnya berkontribusi membentuk kekuatan yang pada puncaknya berjumlah lebih dari 11.000 tentara.<ref>Horner 2001, p. 9.</ref> Amerika Serikat memberikan dukungan logistik dan diplomatik yang penting selama krisis, [[kapal penjelajah]] [[USS Mobile Bay|USS ''Mobile Bay'']] beroperasi di laut lepas, sementara kapal Australia, Kanada, dan Inggris memasuki Dili. Sebuah [[batalyon]] infanteri Marinir AS yang terdiri dari 1.000 orang—ditambah baju besi dan artileri organik—juga ditempatkan di lepas pantai di atas [[USS Belleau Wood (LHA-3)|USS ''Belleau Wood'']] untuk menyediakan cadangan strategis jika terjadi oposisi bersenjata yang signifikan.<ref>See Smith 2003, p. 47 and 56 and Martin 2002, p. 113.</ref>
Baris 200 ⟶ 202:
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
 
{{Krisis Timor Leste 1999}}
{{Bencana di Indonesia tahun 1990an}}{{Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie}}
[[Kategori:Konflik dalam tahun 1999]]
[[Kategori:Pendudukan Indonesia di Timor Timur]]