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Baris 1: {{short description\|Sanskrit Epic}} {{about\|the original Sanskrit version by Valmiki}} ===== {{Use Indian English\|date=June 2013}} ===== {{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2013}} {{italic title}} {{Infobox religious text \| image = Indischer Maler von 1780 001.jpg \| caption = [[Rama]] (tengah) dan istrinya [[Sita]] (kiri) bersama saudaranya [[Lakshmana]] (kanan) ketika pembuangan ke hutan, manuskrip, diperkirakan tahun 1780. \| author = [[Valmiki]] \| religion = [[Hinduism]] Baris 12 ⟶ 13: \| verses = 24,000 }} ~~{{Hindu}}~~ {{hindu sastra}} [[Berkas:Wat phra keaw ramayana fresco.jpg\|ka\|jmpl\|240px\|Lukisan bergaya [[Thailand]] yang menggambarkan suasana pertempuran antara [[Rama]] dengan [[Rawana]]]] '''~~Ramayana~~''Rāmāyana''''' ({{IPAc-en\|r\|ɑː\|ˈ\|m\|ɑː\|j\|ə\|n\|ə}};<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ramayana "Ramayana"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{lang-sa\|रामायणम्}}, ''{{IAST\|Rāmāyaṇam}}'' {{IPA-sa\|ɽaːˈmaːjɐɳɐm\|}}, ''Rāmâyaṇa''; yang berasal dari kata ''Rāma'' dan ''Ayaṇa'' yang berarti "Perjalanan Rama") adalah sebuah cerita/kisah kepahlawanan dari [[India]] yang digubah oleh [[Walmiki]] (Valmiki) atau Balmiki dari cerita Dewi Sita. Cerita epos lainnya adalah [[Mahabharata]]. Ramayana terdapat pula dalam khazanah [[sastra Jawa]] dalam bentuk [[kakawin Ramayana]], dan gubahan-gubahannya dalam [[bahasa Jawa]] Baru yang tidak semua berdasarkan [[kakawin]] ini. Baris 35: == Pengaruh dalam budaya == Beberapa babak maupun adegan dalam Ramayana dituangkan ke dalam bentuk lukisan maupun pahatan dalam arsitektur bernuansa [[Hindu]]. Wiracarita Ramayana juga diangkat ke dalam budaya [[wayang\|pewayangan]] di [[Indonesia\|Nusantara]], seperti misalnya di [[Jawa]] dan [[Bali]]. Selain itu di beberapa negara (seperti misalnya [[Thailand]], [[Kamboja]], [[Vietnam]], [[Laos]], [[~~Philipina~~Filipina]], dan lain-lain), Wiracarita Ramayana diangkat sebagai pertunjukan kesenian. == Daftar kitab == Wiracarita Ramayana terdiri dari tujuh kitab yang disebut Saptakanda. Urutan kitab menunjukkan kronologi peristiwa yang terjadi dalam Wiracarita Ramayana. Lihat di bawah ini: {\| class=wikitable \|- Baris 69 ⟶ 67: == Ringkasan Cerita == [[Berkas:Ravi Varma-Rama-breaking-bow.jpg\|ka\|jmpl\|240px\|[[Rama]] mematahkan busur Dewa Siwa saat sayembara memperebutkan Dewi [[Sita]]]]▼ ▲[[Berkas:Ravi Varma-Rama-breaking-bow.jpg\|ka\|jmpl\|240px\|[[Rama]] mematahkan busur Dewa Siwa saat sayembara memperebutkan Dewi [[Sita]]]] === Prabu Dasarata dari Ayodhya === Wiracarita Ramayana menceritakan kisah Sang [[Rama]] yang memerintah di [[Kerajaan Kosala]], di sebelah utara [[Sungai Gangga]], ibu kotanya [[Ayodhya]]. Sebelumnya diawali dengan kisah Prabu [[Dasarata]] yang memiliki tiga permaisuri, yaitu: [[Kosalya]], [[Kekayi]], dan [[Sumitra]]. Baris 85 ⟶ 82: Bharata menginginkan Rama sebagai penerus tahta, tetapi Rama menolak dan menginginkan hidup di hutan bersama istrinya dan [[Lakshmana]]. Akhirnya Bharata memerintah [[Kerajaan Kosala]] atas nama Rama. === Rama hidup di ~~hutan~~Hutan === Dalam masa pengasingannya di hutan, [[Rama]] dan [[Lakshmana]] bertemu dengan berbagai raksasa, termasuk [[Surpanaka]]. Karena Surpanaka bernafsu dengan Rama dan Lakshmana, hidungnya terluka oleh pedang Lakshmana. Baris 93 ⟶ 90: === Rama menggempur Rawana === [[Rawana]] yang tahu kerajaannya diserbu, mengutus para sekutunya termasuk puteranya – [[Indrajit]] – untuk menggempur Rama. Nasihat [[Wibisana]] (adiknya) diabaikan dan ia malah diusir. Akhirnya Wibisana memihak [[Rama]]. Indrajit melepas senjata nagapasa dan memperoleh kemenangan, tetapi tidak lama. Ia gugur di tangan [[Lakshmana]]. Setelah sekutu dan para patihnya gugur satu persatu, Rawana tampil ke muka dan pertarungan berlangsung sengit. Dengan senjata panah [[Brahmāstra]] yang sakti, Rawana gugur sebagai ksatria. Baris 141 ⟶ 137: == Referensi == * Milner Rabb, Kate, ''National Epics'', 1896 - [http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext05/8ntle10.txt See eText] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914003423/http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext05/8ntle10.txt \|date=2011-09-14 }} [[Project Gutenburg]] * Raghunathan, N. (Trans), ''Srimad Valmiki Ramayanam'', Vighneswara Publishing House, Madras (1981) * ''A different Song'' - Article from "The Hindu" August 12, 2005 - [http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/08/12/stories/2005081201210200.htm] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027001647/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/08/12/stories/2005081201210200.htm \|date=2010-10-27 }} * Dr. Gauri Mahulikar ''Effect Of Ramayana On Various Cultures And Civilisations'', Ramayan Institute * Goldman, Robert P., ''The Ramayana of Valmiki: An Epic of Ancient India'' Princeton University Press, 1999 ISBN 0-691-01485-X * S. S. N. Murthy, A note on the Ramayana, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi [http://www1.shore.net/~india/ejvs/ejvs1006/ejvs1006article.pdf] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003170332/http://www1.shore.net/~india/ejvs/ejvs1006/ejvs1006article.pdf \|date=2006-10-03 }} * Arya, Ravi Prakash (ed.). ''Ramayana of Valmiki: Sanskrit Text and English Translation.'' (English translation according to M. N. Dutt, introduction by Dr. Ramashraya Sharma, 4-volume set) Parimal Publications: Delhi, 1998 ISBN 81-7110-156-9 Baris 157 ⟶ 153: * {{en}} [http://www.valmikiramayan.net/ Site with Valmiki Ramayana Text with Meaning] * {{en}} [http://www.astrojyoti.com/ramacharitamanasindex.htm Ramayana by Tulsidas] * [http://www.shreemaa.org/drupal/taxonomy_menu/55/96 Sundar Kanda Translated by Swami Satyananda, Devi Mandir (ISBN 1-877795-25-9)] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070330025826/http://www.shreemaa.org/drupal/taxonomy_menu/55/96 \|date=2007-03-30 }} * [http://www.artpathpress.com The Ramayana as told by Lynne Jessup, illustrated by Ruth Glen Little (ISBN 1-928875-02-5)] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705134209/http://www.artpathpress.com/ \|date=2019-07-05 }} ;Informasi dalam jaringan * {{gu}} {{en}} [http://www.swargarohan.org/Ramayana/Ramcharitmanas.htm Tulsi Ramayana text, its Gujarati translation alongwith glossary of Ramayana characters and its places] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060221105454/http://www.swargarohan.org/Ramayana/Ramcharitmanas.htm \|date=2006-02-21 }} * [http://www.religionfacts.com/hinduism/texts/ramayana.htm Fast Facts on the Ramayana] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230082755/http://www.religionfacts.com/hinduism/texts/ramayana.htm \|date=2006-12-30 }} * [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/dutt/index.htm Abridged Ramayana and Mahabharata by R.C. Dutt (1899)] * [http://www.onlinedarshan.com/ramayana/index.htm Online Ramayana] (Registration Required) * [http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/photo.pl?mission=STS033&roll=74&frame=74 NASA Shuttle image of Palk Strait] Satellite Photo of the Ancient Bridge known presently as [[Rama's Bridge]] * [http://www.claysanskritlibrary.org Clay Sanskrit Library] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707040843/http://www.claysanskritlibrary.org/ \|date=2019-07-07 }} publishes classical Indian literature, including the Mahabharata and Ramayana, with facing-page text and translation. Also offers searchable corpus and downloadable materials. ; Karya yang terinspirasi dari Ramayana * [http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/mythology/ramayan/index.htm Illustrated Ramayana] contains paintings, sculptures, and other Indian art inspired by Ramayana. * [http://www.ramaya.na Google Ramayana] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230013630/http://www.ramaya.na/ \|date=2018-12-30 }} the story of rama and shinta which reappointed by Google. * [http://www.borobudur.tv/temple_index.htm The Ramayana reliefs at Prambanan] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203034717/http://www.borobudur.tv/temple_index.htm \|date=2007-02-03 }} * [http://www.geetramayan.com/geetramayan/ Marathi lyrical representation of Ramayana by G D Madgulkar and Sudhir Phadke] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230080248/http://www.geetramayan.com/geetramayan/ \|date=2005-12-30 }} * [http://www.ninapaley.com/Sitayana/ ''Sita Sings the Blues''] - clips of a 21st century animated portrayal of the Ramayana from [[Dewi Sita\|Sita's]] perspective * [http://www.antiquus.net Antiquus] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810180914/http://antiquus.net/ \|date=2016-08-10 }} An Epic Power Metal band from Canada, uses Ramayana themed Lyrics in their Debut album called "Ramayana". ;Artikel Riset * [http://www.umassd.edu/indic/effectoframayanaonvariousculturesandcivilisations.pdf Effect of Ramayana on Various Cultures and Civilisations] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060327190747/http://www.umassd.edu/indic/effectoframayanaonvariousculturesandcivilisations.pdf \|date=2006-03-27 }} - (pdf format) * [http://www.azibaza.com/lecture/ramayana.htm The storyboard of the RAMAYANA] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310182720/http://www.azibaza.com/lecture/ramayana.htm \|date=2007-03-10 }} - discusses adaptations in other nations * [https://m.facebook.com/profile.php?id=1443778375903628&refid=5/ Ramayana Indonesia ]