Museum Seni Cleveland: Perbedaan antara revisi
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== Program ==
Museum Seni Cleveland juga memiliki jadwal pameran khusus, ceramah, film, dan program musik. Departemen seni pertunjukan, musik dan film menyelenggarakan serial film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandart.org/events/films |title=films – The Cleveland Museum of Art |date=21 August 2012 |publisher=Clevelandart.org |access-date=2013-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-24|title=5 movies that were filmed in Cleveland|url=https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/local-news/oh-cuyahoga/did-you-know-these-5-movies-were-shot-in-cleveland|website=News 5 Cleveland WEWS|language=en|access-date=2024-05-26}}</ref> dan Seri Seni Pertunjukan museum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandart.org/events/music-and-performances|title=Music and Performances|date=21 August 2012|website=Cleveland Museum of Art}}</ref>
Departemen Pendidikan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandart.org/learn |title=Learn | Cleveland Museum of Art mobile site |date=28 November 2012 |publisher=Clevelandart.org |access-date=2014-07-15}}</ref>di CMA menciptakan program-program untuk pembelajaran seumur hidup mulai dari kuliah, bincang-bincang, dan kelas studio hingga program penjangkauan dan acara komunitas, seperti Parade the Circle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandart.org/events/special-events/parade-the-circle |title=Parade the Circle | The Cleveland Museum of Art |publisher=Clevelandart.org |access-date=2014-07-15}}</ref> Festival Kapur<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandart.org/events/special-events/chalk-festival |title=Chalk Festival | The Cleveland Museum of Art |publisher=Clevelandart.org |access-date=2014-07-15}}</ref>and the "Winter Lights Lantern Festival".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandart.org/events/special-events/winter-lights-lantern-festival |title=Winter Lantern Lights Festival | The Cleveland Museum of Art |publisher=Clevelandart.org |access-date=2014-07-15}}</ref> Program-program pendidikan termasuk pembelajaran jarak jauh,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clevelandart.org/learn/in-the-classroom/distance-learning |title=Distance Learning | The Cleveland Museum of Art |publisher=Clevelandart.org |access-date=2014-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630185926/http://clevelandart.org/learn/in-the-classroom/distance-learning |archive-date=2014-06-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> "Art to Go"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clevelandart.org/learn/in-the-classroom/art-to-go |title=Art to Go | The Cleveland Museum of Art |publisher=Clevelandart.org |access-date=2014-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630173306/http://clevelandart.org/learn/in-the-classroom/art-to-go |archive-date=2014-06-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the "Educator's Academy".<ref> dan "Akademi Pendidik"9 Museum ini juga merupakan rumah bagi Ingalls Library, salah satu perpustakaan museum seni terbesar di Amerika Serikat dengan lebih dari 500.000 volume.10▼
▲Departemen Pendidikan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandart.org/learn |title=Learn | Cleveland Museum of Art mobile site |date=28 November 2012 |publisher=Clevelandart.org |access-date=2014-07-15}}</ref>di CMA menciptakan program-program untuk pembelajaran seumur hidup mulai dari kuliah, bincang-bincang, dan kelas studio hingga program penjangkauan dan acara komunitas, seperti Parade the Circle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandart.org/events/special-events/parade-the-circle |title=Parade the Circle | The Cleveland Museum of Art |publisher=Clevelandart.org |access-date=2014-07-15}}</ref> Festival Kapur<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandart.org/events/special-events/chalk-festival |title=Chalk Festival | The Cleveland Museum of Art |publisher=Clevelandart.org |access-date=2014-07-15}}</ref>and the "Winter Lights Lantern Festival".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandart.org/events/special-events/winter-lights-lantern-festival |title=Winter Lantern Lights Festival | The Cleveland Museum of Art |publisher=Clevelandart.org |access-date=2014-07-15}}</ref> Program-program pendidikan termasuk pembelajaran jarak jauh,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clevelandart.org/learn/in-the-classroom/distance-learning |title=Distance Learning | The Cleveland Museum of Art |publisher=Clevelandart.org |access-date=2014-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630185926/http://clevelandart.org/learn/in-the-classroom/distance-learning |archive-date=2014-06-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> "Art to Go"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clevelandart.org/learn/in-the-classroom/art-to-go |title=Art to Go | The Cleveland Museum of Art |publisher=Clevelandart.org |access-date=2014-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630173306/http://clevelandart.org/learn/in-the-classroom/art-to-go |archive-date=2014-06-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Bahan koleksi Akses Terbuka ==
Pada bulan Januari 2019, Museum Seni Cleveland mengumumkan bahwa mereka melepaskan haknya atas "sekitar 30.000 dari 61.328 objek dalam koleksi permanennya yang dianggap berada dalam domain publik".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cleveland.com/expo/life-and-culture/g66l-2019/01/fe82a74cbf1054/cleveland-museum-of-art-launches-nextgeneration-open-access-to-artworks-and-data-online-.html|title=Cleveland Museum of Art launches next-generation open access to artworks and data online|last=Litt|first=Steven|website=cleveland.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-23|date=January 23, 2019}}</ref> Mereka menggunakan lisensi Creative Commons - Zero untuk gambar beresolusi tinggi dan data tentang koleksinya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clevelandart.org/open-access|title=Open Access at the Cleveland Museum of Art|last=marmitage|date=2018-12-28|website=Cleveland Museum of Art|language=en|access-date=2019-01-23}}</ref>selain itu, metadata untuk lebih dari 61.000 karya dalam koleksinya telah tersedia.<ref name="CODART">{{cite web|url=https://www.codart.nl/publications/cleveland-museum-of-art-launches-open-access-collections-database/|title=Cleveland Museum of Art Launches Open Access Collections Database|website=CODART|date=24 January 2019 |access-date=9 August 2019}}</ref>Materi Akses Terbuka tersedia di bagian khusus situs web museum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandart.org/open-access|title=Open Access at the Cleveland Museum of Art|last=marmitage|date=28 December 2018|website=Cleveland Museum of Art}}</ref>
== Tata Kelola ==
=== Kehadiran ===
Museum ini melaporkan jumlah pengunjung sebanyak 597.715 orang selama periode 1 Juli 2013 hingga 30 Juni 2014, jumlah pengunjung tertinggi dalam lebih dari satu dekade terakhir.<ref name="cmapressreleasejuly14">[http://www.clevelandart.org/about/press/media-kit/cleveland-museum-art-reports-strong-gains-attendance-membership-fundraising "Cleveland Museum of Art Reports Strong Gains in Attendance, Membership, Fundraising"], Press release, [[The Cleveland Museum of Art]].</ref> Pada tahun 2018, museum ini mencatat rekor 769.435 pengunjung, menggantikan rekor sebelumnya yaitu 719.620 pengunjung pada tahun 1987.<ref name="RecordAttendence" />
=== Keuangan ===
Pada tahun 1958, sebuah warisan senilai $35 juta dari industrialis Leonard C. Hanna Jr. melambungkan Cleveland Museum of Art ke dalam jajaran museum seni terkaya di negara ini.<ref>Elaine Woo (July 20, 2008), [http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jul/20/local/me-lee20 "Cleveland art museum director gave it prestige"], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''.</ref> Saat ini, museum ini menerima dukungan operasional dari Dewan Kesenian Ohio melalui dana pajak negara bagian. Museum ini juga didanai oleh penduduk Cuyahoga County melalui Cuyahoga Arts and Culture. Museum ini mendapatkan sekitar dua pertiga dari anggaran $36 juta dari bunga dana abadi, yang dilaporkan mencapai $750 juta pada tahun 2014.<ref>Jason Edward Kaufman (January 8, 2009), [http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/How-the-richest-US-museums-are-weathering-the-storm/16705 How the richest US museums are weathering the storm], ''[[The Art Newspaper]]''.</ref><ref>Carol Vogel (May 20, 2014), [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/21/arts/design/cleveland-museum-of-art-names-william-m-griswold-director.html "Cleveland Hires Leader Of Morgan"], ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref> Museum ini memiliki dana akuisisi sebesar $277 juta, yang darinya museum ini mendapatkan sekitar $13 juta per tahun untuk membeli karya-karya untuk koleksinya.<ref>Judith H. Dobrzynski (March 14, 2012), [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/15/arts/artsspecial/a-fund-for-buying-art-burnishes-collections-and-reputations.html "How an Acquisition Fund Burnishes Reputations"], ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref>
== Seni yang dijarah ==
Pada tahun 2003, sebuah kontroversi muncul mengenai The Aviator, sebuah lukisan karya Fernand Leger yang dimiliki oleh pedagang seni Yahudi Jerman, Alfred Flechtheim, karena kesenjangan asal-usul yang tidak dapat dijelaskan dari era Nazi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=MARILYN H. KARFELDSenior Staff |date=2010-05-07 |title=Experts to discuss reclaiming Nazi-looted artworks |url=https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/archives/experts-to-discuss-reclaiming-nazi-looted-artworks/article_5b3c6a65-3f42-51e7-b0b9-945b08e96520.html |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=Cleveland Jewish News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Steven Litt |first=cleveland com |date=2014-02-07 |title=World War II legacy: Artworks looted by Nazis and recovered by the Monuments Men now belong to the Cleveland Museum of Art |url=https://www.cleveland.com/arts/2014/02/the_cleveland_museum_of_art_is.html |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=cleveland |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Museum links Leger's 'Aviator' to a German-Jewish art dealer who fled |url=https://www.lootedart.com/news.php?r=MP5JX4581691 |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=www.lootedart.com}}</ref>Pada tahun 2013, museum mengumumkan bahwa mereka akan membayar ahli waris Arthur Feldmann untuk menyimpan sebuah gambar yang disita oleh Nazi sebelum mereka membunuhnya dalam Holocaust. Gambar tersebut adalah Alegori Iman Kristen, karya seniman Jerman abad ke-17, Johann Liss.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleveland art museum pays heirs for Nazi-confiscated drawing |url=https://www.lootedart.com/news.php?r=QAN1OA493471 |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=www.lootedart.com |quote=Director David Franklin said the museum paid what he called “fair market value” to the heirs of Arthur Feldmann for the drawing “Allegory of Christian Faith,” by the 17th century German artist Johann Liss, the Cleveland Plain Dealer reported over the weekend. The museum purchased the drawing from London art dealer Herbert Bier in 1953, the museum said on its website. The Gestapo, or Nazi state secret police, confiscated Feldmann’s collection of about 750 Old Master drawings. Feldmann died in 1941, two years after he was arrested by the Nazis in Brno, now in the Czech Republic, according to the museum. Feldman’s wife died in the Auschwitz concentration camp.}}</ref>Pada tahun 2017, museum ini mengumumkan bahwa mereka akan mengembalikan sebuah potret kepala marmer Romawi kuno Drusus Minor yang dicuri pada tahun 1944 dari sebuah museum provinsi di dekat Napoli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steven Litt |first=cleveland com |date=2017-04-18 |title=CMA returns stolen Roman portrait of Drusus to Italy |url=https://www.cleveland.com/arts/2017/04/cleveland_museum_of_art_return_2.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=cleveland |language=en}}</ref>
Pada bulan Agustus 2023, Unit Perdagangan Barang Antik dari kantor Kejaksaan Distrik Kota New York menyita patung perunggu Romawi kuno yang penting dari museum sehubungan dengan investigasi penjarahan dan perdagangan karya seni kuno di situs kota Romawi kuno Bubon di Turki Barat Daya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steven Litt |first=cleveland com |date=2023-09-10 |title=Seizure of ancient sculpture at Cleveland Museum of Art signals a global shift over returning looted, contested artworks |url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2023/09/seizure-of-ancient-sculpture-at-cleveland-museum-of-art-signals-a-global-shift-over-returning-looted-contested-artworks.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=cleveland |language=en}}</ref> Pada bulan Agustus 2023, Unit Perdagangan Barang Antik dari kantor Kejaksaan Distrik Kota New York menyita patung perunggu Romawi kuno yang penting dari museum sehubungan dengan investigasi penjarahan dan perdagangan karya seni kuno di situs kota Romawi kuno Bubon di Turki Barat Daya.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Bowley |first1=Graham |last2=Mashberg |first2=Tom |date=2023-10-19 |title=Cleveland Museum Sues to Block Seizure of Its 'Marcus Aurelius' Bronze |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/19/arts/cleveland-museum-seizure-marcus-aurelius-bronze.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cleveland Art Museum Initiates Rare Legal Challenge to Antiquities Seizure by Manhattan DA {{!}} Enforcement Edge {{!}} Blogs |url=https://www.arnoldporter.com/en/perspectives/blogs/enforcement-edge/2023/11/antiquities-seizure-by-manhattan-da |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Arnold & Porter |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Marlowe |first1=Elizabeth |title=A Cleveland Museum's Bad Bet on a Looted Roman Statue |url=https://hyperallergic.com/862516/cleveland-museum-bad-bet-looted-roman-statue/ |access-date=22 January 2024 |work=Hyperallergenic |date=15 December 2023}}</ref>
== Direksi ==
* William M. Griswold (2014–)<ref name="newdirector2014" />
* Fred Bidwell (2013–2014, interim director)<ref name="newdirector2014" />
* David Franklin (2010–2013)<ref name="Litt2">{{cite news|url=http://www.cleveland.com/arts/index.ssf/2010/08/david_franklin_of_the_national.html |title=David Franklin of the National Gallery of Canada named director of the Cleveland Museum of Art |author=Steven Litt |date=August 27, 2010 |newspaper=Plain Dealer |access-date=4 November 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723135415/http://www.cleveland.com/arts/index.ssf/2010/08/david_franklin_of_the_national.html |archive-date=23 July 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="newdirector2014" />
* Deborah Gribbon (2009–2010, interim director)
* Timothy Rub (2006–2009)<ref name="nytimes2006" />
* Katharine Lee Reid (2000–2006)<ref name="nytimes2000">Judith H. Dobrzynski (January 5, 2000), [https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/05/arts/museum-chief-in-cleveland.html Museum Chief in Cleveland] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref>
* Kate Sellars (1999–2000, interim director)<ref name="nytimes2000" />
* Robert P. Bergman (1993–1999)<ref name="nytimes1999">[[William H. Honan]] (May 7, 1999), [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/07/arts/robert-p-bergman-53-head-of-cleveland-museum-of-art.html Robert P. Bergman, 53, Head Of Cleveland Museum of Art] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref>
* Evan H. Turner (1983–1993)<ref>Susan Heller Anderson (May 18, 1982), [https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/18/arts/cleveland-museum-chooses-director.html CLEVELAND MUSEUM CHOOSES DIRECTOR] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref>
* Sherman E. Lee (1958–1982)
* William M. Milliken (1930–1958)
* Frederic Allen Whiting (1913–1930)<ref>Susan Heller Anderson (May 18, 1982), [https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/18/arts/cleveland-museum-chooses-director.html CLEVELAND MUSEUM CHOOSES DIRECTOR] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref>
== Referensi ==
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