Masjid Al-Azhar: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Naval Scene (bicara | kontrib) kTidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: VisualEditor Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler |
||
(28 revisi perantara oleh 17 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{about|masjid di Mesir|masjid di Jakarta, Indonesia|Masjid Al-Azhar Jakarta}}
{{Kegunaan lain|Al-Azhar}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Masjid Al-Azhar
| image = [[Berkas:Cairo - Islamic district - Al Azhar Mosque and University.JPG|250px]]
| image_size = 265px
| caption =
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]
| location = [[Kairo]]
| province = [[Kegubernuran Kairo|Kairo]]
| country = {{flag|Mesir}}
| established = {{Start date and age|972}}
| architecture =
| architecture_type = [[Masjid]]
| architecture_style = [[Arsitektur Fatimiyah|Fatimiyah]]
| capacity = 20,000
| dome_quantity = 3
| minaret_quantity = 4
| website =
}}
'''Masjid Al-Azhar''' ({{lang-ar|''الجامع الأزهر''|al-Jāmiʿ al-ʾAzhar|lit=''Masjid Menawan''}}, {{lang-arz|''جامع الأزهر''|Gāmiʿ el-ʾazhar}}), atau lebih yang dikenal dengan '''Kompleks Masjid Al-Azhar''', adalah sebuah kompleks [[masjid]] dan [[universitas]] yang berada di kota [[Kairo]], [[Kegubernuran Kairo|Provinsi Kairo]], [[Mesir]]. Masjid ini dibangun atas perintah [[:en:Jawhar (general)|Jawhar al-Siqilli]], tak lama setelah [[Kairo]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Beattie|first=Andrew|date=2005|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=XIU93l91H1sC&redir_esc=y|title=Cairo: A Cultural History|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517892-0|language=en}}</ref> didirikan sebagai ibu kota baru [[Kekhalifahan Fathimiyah]] pada tahun [[970]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Winter|first=Michael|date=1992|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=cpRXQtbyCokC&redir_esc=y|title=Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517-1798|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-02403-7|language=en}}</ref> Masjid ini merupakan masjid pertama yang didirikan di Kairo.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Abdo|first=Geneive|date=2002-10-24|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Uv8znbxAoDMC&redir_esc=y|title=No God but God: Egypt and the Triumph of Islam|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-802901-4|language=en}}</ref> Nama masjid ini biasanya dianggap berasal dari kata ''az-Zahrāʾ'' ("yang bersinar"), gelar yang diberikan kepada [[Fatimah az-Zahra]], putri [[Muhammad|Nabi Muhammad]].{{sfn|Rabbat|1996|p=53}}
Namun setelah peresmiannya pada tahun [[972]], dan dengan pengangkatan 35 [[ulama]] oleh otoritas masjid pada tahun [[989]], masjid ini perlahan berkembang dan ditandai dengan adanya universitas tertua kedua di dunia, [[Universitas Al-Azhar]].<ref>{{Cite book|date=1907|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=TFEDAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y|title=Al-Azhar The Brilliant: The Spiritual Home of Islam"|publisher=Dodd, Mead and Company|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Universitas ini telah lama dianggap sebagai lembaga terkemuka di [[dunia Islam]] untuk studi [[Sunni|teologi Sunni]] dan [[syariat Islam]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Behrens-Abouseif|first=Doris|date=1992|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=INsmT6zjAl8C&redir_esc=y|title=Islamic Architecture in Cairo: An Introduction|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-09626-4|language=en}}</ref>
{{Masjid-stub}}▼
<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lulat|first=Y. G.-M.|date=2005|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=L2iQVUhGSoQC&redir_esc=y|title=A History of African Higher Education from Antiquity to the Present: A Critical Synthesis|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-32061-3|language=en}}</ref>
[[Kategori:Masjid di Mesir|Al-Azhar]]▼
== Lihat pula ==
▲[[ar:الجامع الأزهر]]
* [[
== Referensi ==
{{ref-list}}
== Pranala luar ==
* {{citation|last=Abdo|first=Geneive|author-link=Geneive Abdo|title=No God But God: Egypt and the Triumph of Islam|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2002|isbn=978-0-19-515793-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uv8znbxAoDMC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last1=Abu Zayd|first1=Nasr Hamid|last2=Amirpur|first2=Katajun|last3=Setiawan|first3=Mohamad Nur Kholis|author1-link=Nasr Abu Zayd|author2-link=Katajun Amirpur| title=Reformation of Islamic thought: a critical historical analysis|publisher=[[Amsterdam University Press]]|year=2006|isbn=978-90-5356-828-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0UZc_Yvle_AC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Aburish|first=Said K.|authorlink=Said Aburish|title=Nasser, the Last Arab|year=2004|publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]]|isbn=978-0-312-28683-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEC1569pKhQC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Asprey|first=Robert B.|author-link=Robert B. Asprey|title=The rise of Napoleon Bonaparte|isbn=978-0-465-04881-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UqkSyhUcZ0kC&printsec=frontcover|year=2000|publisher=[[Basic Books]]}}
* {{citation|last=Barraclough|first=Steven|title=Al-Azhar: Between the Government and the Islamists|journal=Middle East Journal|volume=52|issue=2|year=1998|pages=236–249|publisher=Middle East Institute|jstor=4329188}}
* {{citation|last=Beattie|first=Andrew|title=Cairo: a cultural history|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0-19-517893-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XIU93l91H1sC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Behrens-Abouseif|first=Doris|title=Islamic Architecture in Cairo|edition=2nd|year=1992|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|isbn=978-90-04-09626-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=INsmT6zjAl8C&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Binder|first=Leonard|authorlink=Leonard Binder|title=Islamic liberalism: a critique of development ideologies|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|year=1988|isbn=978-0-226-05147-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pkNKPebCfwEC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Blair|first=Sheila|chapter=Decorations of city walls in the medieval Islamic world: The epigraphic message|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S7dUv-1Ql2oC&pg=PA488|editor-last=Tracy|editor-first=James D.|title=City walls: the urban enceinte in global perspective|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-521-65221-6}}
* {{citation|last=Bloom|first=Jonathan|editor-last=Grabar|editor-first=Oleg|chapter=The Introduction of the Muqarnas into Egypt|title=Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture|volume=5|publisher=Brill|year=1988|isbn=978-90-04-08647-0|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k7oeAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false|pages=21–28}}
* {{citation|editor1-last=Bennison|editor1-first=Amira K.|editor2-last=Gascoigne|editor2-first=Alison L.|title=Cities in the pre-modern Islamic world|last=Bloom|first=Jonathan|chapter=Ceremonial and Sacred Space in Early Fatimid Cairo|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-415-42439-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lr6Jl8knxNsC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Brown|first=Nathan|author-link=Nathan J. Brown (political scientist)|title=Post-revolutionary al-Azhar|series=The Carnegie Papers|publisher=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]]|date=September 2011|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/files/al_azhar.pdf}}
* {{citation|last=Creswell|first=K. A. C.|authorlink=K. A. C. Creswell|title=The Muslim Architecture of Egypt I, Ikhshids and Fatimids, A.D. 939–1171|publisher=[[Clarendon Press]]|year=1952}}
* {{citation|last=Creswell|first=K. A. C.|authorlink=K. A. C. Creswell|title=The Muslim Architecture of Egypt II, Ayyubids and Early Bahrite Mamluks, A.D. 1171–1326|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1959}}
* {{citation|last=Daftary|first=Farhad|author-link=Farhad Daftary|title=A short history of the Ismailis: traditions of a Muslim community|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|year=1998|isbn=978-1-55876-194-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F4JT6TKVXd4C&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Dodge|first=Bayard|authorlink=Bayard Dodge|title=Al-Azhar: A Millennium of Muslim learning|publisher=[[Middle East Institute]]|year=1961}}
* {{citation|last=Dwyer|first=Philip G.|title=Napoleon: the path to power|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|year=2008|isbn=978-0-300-13754-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tHDJYfc7K6oC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Flower|first=Raymond|title=Napoleon to Nasser: the story of modern Egypt|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|year=1976|isbn=978-0-905562-00-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mAgOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|title=Biographical dictionary of modern Egypt|last=Goldschmidt|first=Arthur|publisher=[[Lynne Rienner Publishers]]|year=2000|isbn=978-1-55587-229-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p3J6IS8t74QC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Ghazzal|first=Zuhair|editor-last=Choueiri|editor-first=Youssef|chapter=The 'Ulema': Status and Function|title=A companion to the history of the Middle East|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]]|year=2005|isbn=978-1-4051-0681-8}}
* {{citation|last=Gottheil|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard James Horatio Gottheil|chapter=Al-Azhar The Brilliant: The Spiritual Home of Islam|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFEDAAAAYAAJ&printsec=titlepage#PRA4-PA501,M1|title=The Bookman|publisher=[[Dodd, Mead and Company]]|year=1907}}
* {{citation|title=Arabic Literature in Egypt in the Eighteenth Century with Some Reference to the Poetry and Poets|last=Heyworth-Dunne|first=James|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London|volume=9|issue=3|year=1938|pages=675–689|publisher=Cambridge University Press|jstor=608229|doi=10.1017/s0041977x00078447}}
* {{citation|last=Hitti|first=Philip Khuri|authorlink=Philip Khuri Hitti|title=Capital cities of Arab Islam|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]]|year=1973|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9niSNOCIoL8C&printsec=frontcover|isbn=978-0-8166-0663-4}}
* {{citation|editor1-last=Holt|editor1-first=Peter Malcolm|editor2-last=Lambton|editor2-first=Ann|editor2-link=Ann Lambton|editor3-last=Lewis|editor3-first=Bernard|editor3-link=Bernard Lewis|title=The Cambridge History of Islam|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1977|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h2pLlRnZP04C&printsec=frontcover|isbn=978-0-521-29138-5}}
* {{citation|last1=Izre'el|first1=Shlomo|last2=Raz|first2=Shlomo|title=Studies in modern Semitic languages|publisher=Brill|year=1996|isbn=978-90-04-10646-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wv2eBP9lPskC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Lulat|first=Y. G-M.|title=A history of African higher education from antiquity to the present: a critical synthesis|publisher=[[Praeger Publishers]]|year=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L2iQVUhGSoQC&printsec=frontcover|isbn=978-0-313-32061-3}}
* {{citation|last=McGregor|first=Andrew James|title=A military history of modern Egypt: from the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|year=2006|isbn=978-0-275-98601-8|url=https://books.google.com/?id=QZpWx-dgbYcC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Petersen|first=Andrew|title=Dictionary of Islamic Architecture|publisher=Routledge|year=2002|isbn=978-0-203-20387-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gVQj7bW0W9MC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|title=The Cambridge history of Egypt|volume=1|editor1-last=Petry|editor1-first=Carl F.|editor2-last=Daly|editor2-first=M. W.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-521-47137-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4X_d1sTjYC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Rabbat|first=Nasser|editor-last=Necipogulu|editor-first=Gulru|title=Muqarnas- An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World|chapter=Al-Azhar Mosque: An Architectural Chronicle of Cairo's History|volume=13|publisher=Brill|pages=45–67|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NdCTI5FqayAC&pg=PA45#PPA45|year=1996|isbn=978-90-04-10633-8}}
* {{citation|last=Rahman|first=Fazlur|title=Islam & modernity: transformation of an intellectual tradition|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1984|isbn=978-0-226-70284-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBIu1k5Z71kC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|title=Cairo|last=Raymond|first=André|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-674-00316-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tdLALt9AbQQC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Richmond|first=John C. B.|authorlink=John Richmond (diplomat)|title=Egypt, 1798–1952: her advance towards a modern identity|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1977|isbn=978-0-416-85660-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uJwOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last1=Rivoira|first1=Giovanni Teresio|last2=Rushforth|first2=Gordon McNeil|title=Moslem architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1918|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4x8tAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover|isbn=978-0-87817-136-1}}
* {{citation|last=Russell|first=Dorothea|title=Medieval Cairo and the Monasteries of the Wādi Natrūn|publisher=[[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]]|year=1962}}
* {{citation|editor-last=Shillington|editor-first=Kevin|title=Encyclopedia of African history|publisher=CRC Press|year=2005|isbn=978-1-57958-453-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Siddiqi|first=Muhammad|title=Arab culture and the novel: genre, identity and agency in Egyptian fiction|publisher=Routledge|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mv4GLx0nfewC&printsec=frontcover|isbn=978-0-415-77260-0}}
* {{citation|last=Skovgaard-Petersen|first=Jakob|title=Defining Islam for the Egyptian state: muftis and fatwas of the Dār al-Iftā|publisher=Brill|year=1997|isbn=978-90-04-10947-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9uyFx-TGuIC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|editor1-last=Summerfield|editor1-first=Carol|editor2-last=Devine|editor2-first=Mary|editor3-last=Levi|editor3-first=Anthony|title=International Dictionary of University Histories|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6x3S8eM3spAC&printsec=frontcover|isbn=978-1-884964-23-7}}
* {{citation|last=Tibi|first=Bassam|author-link=Bassam Tibi|chapter=Egypt as a Model of Development for the World of Islam|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nvt6Me2NPEwC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA163|editor1-last=Harrison|editor1-first=Lawrence E.|editor2-last=Berger|editor2-first=Peter|editor2-link=Peter L. Berger|title=Developing cultures: case studies|publisher=[[CRC Press]]|year=2006|isbn=978-0-415-95280-4}}
* {{citation|last=Viorst|first=Milton|title=In the shadow of the Prophet: the struggle for the soul of Islam|publisher=[[Westview Press]]|year=2001|isbn=978-0-8133-3902-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uRBstsdV6EgC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Voll|first=John Obert|title=Islam, continuity and change in the modern world: Contemporary issues in the Middle East|publisher=[[Syracuse University Press]]|year=1994|isbn=978-0-8156-2639-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WtsqZZJ1tToC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Watson|first=William E.|title=Tricolor and crescent: France and the Islamic world; Perspectives on the twentieth century|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2003|isbn=978-0-275-97470-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4vrUbMK5eEC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Williams|first=Caroline|title=Islamic Monuments in Cairo|publisher=[[American University in Cairo Press]]|year=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RPqPTCaLNdwC&printsec=frontcover|isbn=978-977-424-695-1}}
* {{citation|last=Winter|first=Michael|title=Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517–1798|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=978-0-203-16923-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cpRXQtbyCokC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Yeomans|first=Richard|title=The art and architecture of Islamic Cairo|publisher=Garnet & Ithaca Press|year=2006|isbn=978-1-85964-154-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sNVBbTuPcPkC&printsec=frontcover}}
* {{citation|last=Zaman|first=Muhammad Qasim|title=The ulama in contemporary Islam: custodians of change|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ibLMDNq-6zsC&printsec=frontcover|isbn=978-0-691-09680-3}}
* {{citation|last=Zeghal|first=Malika|author-link=Malika Zeghal|title=Religion and Politics in Egypt; The Ulema of al-Azhar, Radical Islam, and the State (1952-94)|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies|volume=31|issue=3|year=1999|pages=371–399|publisher=Cambridge University Press|jstor=176217|doi=10.1017/s0020743800055483}}
* {{citation|last=Zeghal|first=Malika|author-link=Malika Zeghal|chapter=The "Recentering" of Religious Knowledge and Discourse: The Case of al-Azhar in Twentieth-Century Egypt|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zp2-2y7G2vQC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA107|editor1-last=Hefner|editor1-first=Robert W.|editor2-last=Zaman|editor2-first=Muhammad Qasim|title=Schooling Islam: the culture and politics of modern Muslim education|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-691-12933-4}}
|