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<!-- | type = mab / vaccine / combo -->|type=<!-- Names -->|tradename=Provigil, Alertec, Modavigil, others|synonyms=CRL-40476; Diphenylmethylsulfinylacetamide|IUPAC_name=2-(diphenylmethanesulfinyl)acetamide
<!-- Clinical data -->|pregnancy_AU=B3|pregnancy_US=C|pregnancy_category=|routes_of_administration=By mouth ([[Tablet (pharmacy)|tablets]])<ref name=AHSF2018>{{cite web |title=Modafinil Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |accessdate=24 June 2018 |archive-date=March 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330181813/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |url-status=live }}</ref>|duration_of_action=|dependency_liability=Relatively low|Drugs.com={{drugs.com|monograph|modafinil}}|MedlinePlus=a602016
<!-- Legal data -->|legal_AU=S4|legal_CA=<!-- Schedule F not a CA schedule name -->|legal_UK=POM|legal_US=Schedule IV|legal_status=|licence_US=Modafinil|licence_EU=<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->|bioavailability=Not determined due to the aqueous insolubility|protein_bound=62.3%|metabolism=Hepatic (primarily via amide [[hydrolysis]];<ref name="RobertsonHellriegel2003">{{cite journal | vauthors = Robertson P, Hellriegel ET | s2cid = 1266677 | title = Clinical pharmacokinetic profile of modafinil | journal = Clinical Pharmacokinetics | volume = 42 | issue = 2 | pages = 123–37 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12537513 | doi = 10.2165/00003088-200342020-00002 }}</ref> [[CYP1A2]], [[CYP2B6]], [[CYP2C9]], [[CYP2C19]], [[CYP3A4]], [[CYP3A5]] involved <ref name="pmid10820139">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Robertson P, DeCory HH, Madan A, Parkinson A |date=June 2000 |title=In vitro inhibition and induction of human hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by modafinil |journal=Drug Metabolism and Disposition |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=664–71 |pmid=10820139}}</ref>|elimination_half-life=15 hours (''R''-enantiomer),<br />4 hours (''S''-enantiomer)<ref name="nuvigil.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nuvigil.com/PDF/Full_Prescribing_Information.pdf |title=Nuvigil Prescribing Information |website=Nuvigil.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107165205/http://www.nuvigil.com/PDF/Full_Prescribing_Information.pdf |archive-date=January 7, 2018 |access-date=January 20, 2019}}</ref>|excretion=Urine (80%)
<!-- Chemical and physical data -->|C=15|H=15|N=1|O=2|S=1|smiles=O=S(C(c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2)CC(=O)N|StdInChI=1S/C15H15NO2S/c16-14(17)11-19(18)15(12-7-3-1-4-8-12)13-9-5-2-6-10-13/h1-10,15H,11H2,(H2,16,17)|StdInChI_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|StdInChIKey=YFGHCGITMMYXAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N|StdInChIKey_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}}}
'''Modafinil''' adakah obat untuk mengatasi kantuk akibat [[narkolepsi]], gangguan tidur yang disebabkan jadwal kerja, atau apnea tidur obstruktif . <ref name="AHSF2018">{{Citecite web |title=Modafinil Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |accessdate=24 June 2018 |archive-date=March 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330181813/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 June 2018}}</ref> <ref name="FDA2015">{{Cite web|date=January 2015|title=Provigil Prescribing Information|url=http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020717s037s038lbl.pdf|website=United States Food and Drug Administration|publisher=Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217165804/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020717s037s038lbl.pdf|archive-date=February 17, 2017|access-date=July 18, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Walaupun penggunaan off label bisa digunakan sebagai [[Nootropika|penambah kognitif]], penelitiannya tentang efektivitasnya masih kurang meyakinkan. <ref name="Battleday2015">{{Cite journal|date=November 2015|title=Modafinil for cognitive neuroenhancement in healthy non-sleep-deprived subjects: A systematic review|url=http://www.europeanneuropsychopharmacology.com/article/S0924-977X%2815%2900249-7/pdf|journal=European Neuropsychopharmacology|volume=25|issue=11|pages=1865–81|doi=10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.07.028|pmid=26381811|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828174137/https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/european-neuropsychopharmacology|archive-date=August 28, 2021|access-date=August 5, 2020|vauthors=Battleday RM, Brem AK|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|last=Meulen|first=Ruud ter|last2=Hall|first2=Wayne|last3=Mohammed|first3=Ahmed|date=2017|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aAIXDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA116|title=Rethinking Cognitive Enhancement|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198727392|page=116|access-date=August 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714004918/https://books.google.com/books?id=aAIXDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA116|archive-date=July 14, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Rute pemberian obat ini melalui oral. <ref name="AHSF2018">{{cite web |title=Modafinil Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |accessdate=24 June 2018 |archive-date=March 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330181813/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
Kejadian efek samping yang umum pada penggunaan obat ini antara lain sakit kepala, [[Kegelisahan|kecemasan]], sulit tidur, dan mual. <ref name="AHSF2018">{{Cite web|title=Modafinil Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |archive-date=March 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330181813/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 June 2018}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html "Modafinil Monograph for Professionals"]. ''Drugs.com''. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190330181813/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html Archived] from the original on March 30, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Kejadian efek samping yang serius seperti reaksi alergi seperti [[anafilaksis]], [[halusinasi]] , penyalahgunaan, dan, [[Sindrom Stevens-Johnson|sindrom Stevens–Johnson]]. <ref name="AHSF2018">{{cite web |title=Modafinil Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |accessdate=24 June 2018 |archive-date=March 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330181813/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Belum diketahui obat ini aman digunakan untuk ibu [[hamil]]. <ref name="AHSF2018">{{cite web |title=Modafinil Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |accessdate=24 June 2018 |archive-date=March 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330181813/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada penderita ginjal atau hati perlu disesuaikan jumlah obatnya. <ref name="AHSF2018">{{cite web |title=Modafinil Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |accessdate=24 June 2018 |archive-date=March 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330181813/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Obat ini tidak direkomendasikan pada orang yang mengalami [[aritmia]], [[Tekanan darah tinggi|hipertensi]] berat, atau hipertrofi ventrikel kiri . <ref name="BNF74">{{Cite book|date=September 2017|title=BNF 74|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=978-0857112989|edition=74|page=468}}</ref> Mekanisme kerjanya belum diketahui secara pasti. <ref name="AHSF2018">{{cite web |title=Modafinil Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |accessdate=24 June 2018 |archive-date=March 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330181813/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mekanisme kerja yang mungkin ada ialah obat ini bisa mempengaruhi area otak yang terlibat dengan siklus tidur . <ref name="AHSF2018">{{cite web |title=Modafinil Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |accessdate=24 June 2018 |archive-date=March 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330181813/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/modafinil.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Referensi ==
[[Kategori:ObatPengimbas CYP3A4]]
[[Kategori:FarmasiObat dengan cara kerja yang belum diketahui]]
[[Kategori:Asetamida]]
[[Kategori:difenilmetana]]
[[Kategori:Agonis dopamin]]
[[Kategori:Dermatoksin]]
[[Kategori:Penghambat pengambilan kembali dopamin]]
[[Kategori:Nootropika]]
[[Kategori:Stimulan]]
[[Kategori:Sulfoksida]]
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