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'''Greenpeace''' adalah Jejaring kampanye global independen yang didirikan di Kanada pada tahun 1971 oleh [[Irving Stone|Irving Stowe]] dan [[Dorothy Stone|Dorothy Stowe]], aktivis lingkungan imigran dari [[Amerika Serikat]].
Jaringan ini terdiri dari 26 organisasi nasional/regional independen di lebih dari 55 negara di seluruh Eropa, Amerika, Afrika, Asia, Australia, dan Pasifik, serta sebuah badan koordinasi, Greenpeace International, yang berbasis di [[Amsterdam]], [[Belanda]].<ref name="GPI world">{{cite web|date=7 Januari 2010|title=Greenpeace International: Greenpeace worldwide|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/worldwide|publisher=Greenpeace.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623061221/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/worldwide/|archive-date=23 Juni 2011|access-date=21 Februari 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
Jaringan global ini tidak menerima dana dari pemerintah, perusahaan, atau partai politik, melainkan mengandalkan dukungan dari tiga juta individu dan hibah yayasan.<ref name="HBS2">{{cite web|last=Gilbert|first=Sarah Jane|date=8 September 2008|title=Harvard Business School, HBS Cases: The Value of Environmental Activists|url=http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5797.html|publisher=Hbswk.hbs.edu|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091010181022/http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5797.html|archive-date=10 Oktober 2009|access-date=21 Februari 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Annual report 20112">[http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/greenpeace/2012/AnnualReport2011.pdf Greenpeace, Annual Report 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019194520/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/greenpeace/2012/AnnualReport2011.pdf|date=19 Oktober 2017}}.</ref> Greenpeace memiliki status konsultatif umum dengan [[Dewan Ekonomi dan Sosial Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]<ref name="ecosoc2">{{cite web|title=List of non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council as of 1 September 2011|url=http://csonet.org/content/documents/E2011INF4.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405053131/http://www.csonet.org/content/documents/E2011INF4.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2013|access-date=23 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> dan merupakan anggota pendiri<ref name="INGO2">{{cite web|title=International Non-Governmental Organisations Accountability Charter: Charter Background|url=http://www.ingoaccountabilitycharter.org/about-the-charter/background-of-the-charter/|publisher=Ingoaccountabilitycharter.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513170305/http://www.ingoaccountabilitycharter.org/about-the-charter/background-of-the-charter/|archive-date=13 Mei 2013|access-date=23 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> dari Piagam Akuntabilitas INGO, sebuah organisasi non-pemerintah internasional yang bertujuan untuk mendorong akuntabilitas dan transparansi organisasi non-pemerintah.
Greenpeace dikenal karena aksi langsung non-kekerasannya dan telah digambarkan sebagai salah satu organisasi lingkungan yang paling terlihat di dunia.<ref name="GP study2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20040906234256/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4339/is_2000_Annual/ai_63543389 Henry Mintzberg & Frances Westley – Sustaining the Institutional Environment]. ''BNET.com''</ref> Greenpeace telah meningkatkan pengetahuan publik mengenai isu-isu lingkungan,<ref>[http://www.eubusiness.com/Environ/060928113427.bss6s23k EU commissioner hails blockade on waste ship].{{dead link|date=March 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} ''EUbusiness'', 28 September 2006.</ref><ref>Marc Mormont & Christine Dasnoy; Source strategies and the mediatization of climate change. ''Media, Culture & Society'', Vol. 17, No. 1, 49–64 (1995).</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Milmo|first=Cahal|date=18 February 2009|title=The Independent Wednesday, 18 February 2009: Dumped in Africa: Britain's toxic waste|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/dumped-in-africa-britain8217s-toxic-waste-1624869.html|work=The Independent|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015085412/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/dumped-in-africa-britain8217s-toxic-waste-1624869.html|archive-date=15 October 2017|access-date=21 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> dan mempengaruhi sektor swasta dan publik.<ref name="UNEP: Our Planet: Celebrating 20 Years of Montreal Protocol2">{{cite web|title=UNEP: Our Planet: Celebrating 20 Years of Montreal Protocol|url=http://www.unep.org/PDF/OurPlanet/2007/sept/EN/ARTICLE8.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012052334/http://www.unep.org/PDF/OurPlanet/2007/sept/EN/ARTICLE8.pdf|archive-date=12 October 2007|access-date=21 February 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Adidas, Clarks, Nike and Timberland agree moratorium on illegal Amazon leather2">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/5970141/Adidas-Clarks-Nike-and-Timberland-agree-moratorium-on-illegal-Amazon-leather.html Adidas, Clarks, Nike and Timberland agree moratorium on illegal Amazon leather] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006112638/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/5970141/Adidas-Clarks-Nike-and-Timberland-agree-moratorium-on-illegal-Amazon-leather.html|date=6 October 2014}}. ''Telegraph'', 4 August 2009.</ref> Organisasi ini telah menerima kritik; Greenpeace menjadi subjek dari surat terbuka lebih dari 100 peraih Nobel yang mendesak Greenpeace untuk mengakhiri kampanyenya melawan organisme hasil rekayasa genetika (GMO).<ref name="openletter2">{{Cite web|title=Laureates Letter Supporting Precision Agriculture (GMOs) {{!}} Support Precision Agriculture|url=http://supportprecisionagriculture.org/nobel-laureate-gmo-letter_rjr.html|website=supportprecisionagriculture.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707040151/http://supportprecisionagriculture.org/nobel-laureate-gmo-letter_rjr.html|archive-date=7 July 2016|access-date=30 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Aksi langsung Greenpeace telah memicu tindakan hukum terhadap aktivis Greenpeace,<ref>{{cite news|date=7 January 2010|title=Greenpeace members charged in Mount Rushmore G-8 protest|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/07/08/south.dakota.protest/index.html|publisher=CNN.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006054835/http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/07/08/south.dakota.protest/index.html|archive-date=6 October 2020|access-date=8 July 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> seperti denda dan hukuman percobaan karena menghancurkan plot uji gandum hasil rekayasa genetika<ref name="oregon2">[http://www.biofortified.org/2013/06/gmo-crops-vandalized-in-oregon/ GMO crops vandalized in Oregon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224155743/https://biofortified.org/2013/06/gmo-crops-vandalized-in-oregon/|date=24 February 2021}}, Karl Haro von Mogel, [[Biology Fortified]], 24 June 2013.</ref><ref name="smh2">{{cite news|date=2 August 2012|title=Greenpeace activists in costly GM protest|url=http://www.smh.com.au/environment/greenpeace-activists-in-costly-gm-protest-20120802-23i0t.html|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308230830/https://www.smh.com.au/environment/greenpeace-activists-in-costly-gm-protest-20120802-23i0t.html|archive-date=8 March 2021|access-date=8 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="canberra2">{{cite news|date=19 November 2012|title=GM crop destroyers given suspended sentences|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/gm-crop-destroyers-given-suspended-sentences-20121119-29l66.html|newspaper=The Canberra Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205181420/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/gm-crop-destroyers-given-suspended-sentences-20121119-29l66.html|archive-date=5 February 2018|access-date=8 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> dan, menurut Pemerintah Peru, merusak [[Garis Nazca]], sebuah situs Warisan Dunia PBB.<ref name="WSJ Nazca2">{{cite news|last=Kozak|first=Robert|date=14 December 2014|title=Peru Says Greenpeace Permanently Damaged Nazca Lines|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/peru-says-greenpeace-permanently-damaged-nazca-lines-1418681478|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221182041/https://www.wsj.com/articles/peru-says-greenpeace-permanently-damaged-nazca-lines-1418681478|archive-date=21 December 2014|access-date=3 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Sejarah ==
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== Struktur Organisasi ==
[[Berkas:425043 militants greenpeace.jpg|jmpl|Aktivis Greenpeace di Vancouver, British Columbia pada tahun 2018]]
Struktur organisasi Greenpeace terdiri dari Greenpeace International yang berbasis di [[Amsterdam]], [[Belanda]], dan 28 cabang regional yang berada di 45 negara.<ref name="organisasi">{{Cite web|title=Greenpeace, organization|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/how-is-greenpeace-structured|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117224158/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/how-is-greenpeace-structured/|archive-date=2011-01-17|dead-url=yes|access-date=2013-06-18}}</ref> Cabang regional bekerja secara [[Otonomi|otonom]] di bawah pengawasan Greenpeace International.
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